Many counsellor education programs require students to undergo intensive training in basic interpersonal skills, such as reflection and summarisation. Not only has research failed to demonstrate the value of such skills in improving client outcomes, but the nondirective counselling philosophy upon which many of the programs are based may be incompatible with the needs and expectations of many clients. This article reviews the research evidence underlying these training programs and then provides both counsellors and counsellor educators with alternative ideas about developing productive relationships with a diverse clientele.
