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We prove that every smooth complex normed space X has the Wigner property. That is, for any complex normed space Y and every surjective mapping $f: X\rightarrow Y$ satisfying
where $\mathbb {T}$ is the unit circle of the complex plane, there exists a function $\sigma : X\rightarrow \mathbb {T}$ such that $\sigma \cdot f$ is a linear or anti-linear isometry. This is a variant of Wigner’s theorem for complex normed spaces.
We present properties of min-phase-isometries in the case that Y is strictly convex and show that if a min-phase-isometry f (not necessarily surjective) fixes the origin, then it is phase-equivalent to a linear isometry, that is, $f(x)=\varepsilon (x)g(x)$ for $x\in X$, where $g:X\rightarrow Y$ is a linear isometry and $\varepsilon $ is a map from X to $\{-1,1\}$.
Classical Wigner’s theorem characterizes unitary and anti-unitary operators as symmetries of pure states of quantum mechanical systems, i.e. rank one projections. We consider a non-injective version of Wigner’s theorem as well as Uhlhorn’s version concerning orthogonality preserving transformations and describe variousextensions of these results onto other Grassmannians.
Wigner's theorem is a fundamental part of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. The theorem characterizes unitary and anti-unitary operators as symmetries of quantum mechanical systems, and is a key result when relating preserver problems to quantum mechanics. At the heart of this book is a geometric approach to Wigner-type theorems, unifying both classical and more recent results. Readers are initiated in a wide range of topics from geometric transformations of Grassmannians to lattices of closed subspaces, before moving on to a discussion of applications. An introduction to all the key aspects of the basic theory is included as are plenty of examples, making this book a useful resource for beginning graduate students and non-experts, as well as a helpful reference for specialist researchers.
where $f:X\rightarrow Y$ is a map between two real ${\mathcal{L}}^{\infty }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-type spaces. We show that all such solutions are phase equivalent to real linear isometries. This can be considered as an extension of Wigner’s theorem on symmetry for real ${\mathcal{L}}^{\infty }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-type spaces.
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