This chapter describes the basal ganglia organization and endeavors to develop a conceptual framework for understanding how the basal ganglia impact semantic and related language functions. At the most general level of discussion, the basal ganglia can be best understood through their role in intention and attention. Actions and cognitions are enhanced through the direct loop of the basal ganglia. Enhancement is modulated by D1 receptor activity, which has the effect of facilitating and prolonging the enhancement. Semantic priming studies hold great promise for continuing to unravel the impact of basal ganglia functions on semantics. The chapter concludes that more research will lead to a greater understanding of how basal ganglia functions influence semantic and other cognitive functions. It will help us to manage or even mitigate the cognitive deficits that occur in Parkinson's disease, in lesions of the basal ganglia, or in other basal ganglia dysfunctions.