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  • 4 - Rousseau on Democratic Education

  • from Part One - Historical Perspectives
  • Edited by Julian Culp, The American University of Paris, France, Johannes Drerup, Universität Dortmund, Douglas Yacek, Universität Dortmund
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Democratic Education
    Published online:
    20 April 2023
    Print publication:
    27 April 2023, pp 45-60

  • Summary

    In Emile, Jean-Jacques Rousseau describes the education of a fictional student who follows his interests and discovers facts by problem-solving. Rousseau’s educational philosophy was embraced by child-centered progressives committed to advancing a distinctively democratic conception of education. They believed that Rousseau outlined principles for forming autonomous and independent citizens – precisely the kind of citizens ready to meet the demands of democratic self-government. In other works, however, Rousseau calls for a system of public schooling that forms patriots. He writes that education “must give souls the national form, and so direct their tastes and opinions that they will be patriotic by inclination, passion, necessity.” Can this authoritarian approach to education be reconciled with the laissez-faire principles of Emile? Should either of these educational visions be called democratic? This chapter offers answers to those questions and argues that, ultimately, both approaches aim to improve how citizens relate to one another.