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2 results

  • The A1 allele of the DRD2 gene (TaqI A polymorphisms) is associated with antisocial personality in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients

  • G Ponce, M.A Jimenez-Arriero, G Rubio, J Hoenicka, I Ampuero, J.A Ramos, T Palomo
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 18 / Issue 7 / November 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 356-360
  • Background. –

    Presence of A1 allele of the DRD2 gene has been associated with a predisposition for alcoholism although there are limited data about its phenotypic expression in alcoholism.

    Objectives. –

    To determine the importance of the A1 allele in clinical variables of alcohol dependence.

    Methodology. –

    A sample of 103 alcohol-dependent males was studied. All patients were recruited consecutively from the general hospital and community settings. The diagnostics were made with the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID); and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). Diagnosis of family alcoholism was made by direct interview or with the Research Diagnostic Criteria-Family History (RDC-FH). The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Scale (SADS) were used to assess alcohol dependence severity. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods.

    Results. –

    Approximately 39% of the sample carried the A1 allele (A1+ group). This group had higher prevalences of antisocial personality disorder (60% vs. 15.9%); and alcoholism family history (72.5% vs. 52.4%). Also A1+ had early onset alcohol abuse and more drinking problems. The presence of A1+ was the main factor to explain the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, but the weight of this factor was not sufficient to explain the complications assessed by the ASI.

    Conclusions. –

    Our results support the existence of an association between the A1 allele and factors resulting from dopaminergic deficiency, otherwise denominated reward deficiency syndrome.

  • Reappraisal of the association between the DRD2 gene, alcoholism and addiction

  • P. Gorwood, P. Batel, L. Gouya, F. Courtois, J. Feingold, J. Adès
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / March 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 90-96

  • We analysed the impact of the TaqI A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene on the risk for alcoholism, trying to depict three explanations frequently proposed to explain discrepancies in association and linkage studies: that the A1 allele may act as a marker rather than as a vulnerability factor, that stratification biases and unevaluated controls may explain positive results, and that the A1 allele is modifying the phenotype rather than increasing the risk for alcoholism. We thus tested another (dinucleotide STRP) marker within the DRD2 gene, selected a new homogenous sample of 113 alcoholic patients and 49 unaffected controls strictly matched for ethnic origins, and systematically assessed both samples with a semi-structured interview to detect (in both samples) alcohol dependence, but also such related traits as specificities of complications.

    The frequency of the A1 allele was not significantly different between alcoholics and controls but when comparing different subgroups of alcoholics, the A1 allele was significantly more frequent in alcoholic patients with somatic complications (OR = 3.00, CI[1.37-6.62]), social and professional complications (OR = 2.72, CI[1.25-5.90]), or with co-morbid dependence (OR = 2.88, 95% IC [1.16-7.15]). The association for co-morbid dependence and somatic complications was also positive when taking into consideration both STRP and TaqIA polymorphisms.

    The A1 allele does not increase the risk for alcoholism per se in our sample, but may be involved in a related trait which is partially dependent on the diagnosis of alcoholism, through a disequilibrium with another close mutation.