Many educational presentations continue to straightforwardly frame both consensual and nonconsensual intimate image distribution among youth as child pornography. This continues despite the availability of a purpose-built offence for nonconsensual intimate image distribution (NCIID) that was designed, in part, to avoid the use of child pornography offences in NCIID cases and the existence of a “private use exception” that limits the applicability of child pornography offences in cases of consensual “sexting” among youth. This sometimes inaccurate and, I argue, inappropriate focus on child pornography offences is especially common in presentations by police and public safety personnel. Through a discursive analysis of Canadian case law and a case study of educational approaches provided by the CyberScan unit, I find that the continued dominance of a child pornography framing is based on both genuine misconceptions of how these offences apply to intimate image distribution and intentional misrepresentations of the legal context.

Drug benefits policy-making for seniors in British Columbia has been increasingly influenced by research since 1993. The "evidence-based medicine" paradigm, which emphasizes the primacy of direct evidence from randomized control trials, inspired key policy-makers and influenced policy concerning coverage of new and existing drugs. New drugs, if more expensive than existing similar drugs, are not covered unless published randomized control trials show superior effectiveness. Indirect evidence of effectiveness, based on surrogates, is given less weight, and non-randomized studies are rarely considered. Evidence of cost-effectiveness of new drugs is reviewed separately. For existing drugs, a new reimbursement policy, Reference Based Pricing (RBP), was introduced, based on both direct and indirect evidence of comparative effectiveness of drugs. Implementation of RBP was complex and necessarily rapid, which meant that independent systematic review of evidence relevant to implementation issues was infeasible, particularly in regard to rapid prior authorization of exemptions to RBP. Contrasts between the processes for new and existing drugs provide insights into the difficulties of applying the idea of direct evidence-based policy-making in practice.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in Canada's public school system as provincial and territorial governments have enacted sudden and prolonged school closures. We compare the different school closure decisions in Alberta and Ontario during spring 2021, using official public briefings and publicly available data about rates of COVID-19 cases. We ask if provincial policy decisions can be explained by different epidemiological contexts and risks. We find that key epidemiological indicators such as the rate of cases were not directly linked to school closure decisions. This is important for policy makers and experts: it problematizes the assumption of a straight line between evidence and decisions and has implications for transparency and public trust in pandemic policy choices. A systematic description of the gap between evidence and policy is an important starting point for asking, What does drive decisions to close schools?

Corruption is an age-old issue. Although various mitigation measures have been developed over time, it persistently exists and transforms with the dynamic business environment. The development of corruption is linked to the skills of criminals to cover their tracks. Control mechanisms and other lines of defense are insignificant when persons of power override, bully or collaborate to carry out corruption. Since humans are perceived to be rational, educating individuals on the evils of corruption with its apparent negative connotations would have been a logical approach to disrupting corruption. However, the growing trend of corruption reflects otherwise. Human behavior is subjective and based on a person–situation complexity, relationships and associations around human life. This pilot study assesses the decisions of individuals based on various corruption scenarios, using 20 questions modeled around Corruption Dimensions and Prisoner’s Dilemma. Of the respondents, 92% had formal exposure to anti-corruption-related studies. Most respondents responded negatively to corruption-related scenarios in the Corruption Dimensions, with noted bias in their criticism when it involved a politician as compared with a businessman. Similarly, the Prisoner’s Dilemma questions also reflected selective reasoning when comparing those with personal relationships as compared with acquaintances. The strength of the evidence, the independence of the judiciary, the ability to escape, the reluctance to self-incriminate and the personal benefits affect the judgment of the respondents. However, in situations involving environmental issues, respondents selected to confess regardless of the situation stating that it was the right thing to do. Education creates awareness on individual rights, options and, to a certain extent, the moral and legal obligations. However, the subjectivity of the person’s associations and lifelong experience also plays a major role in the decision-making process.

This article aims to conceptualize the present state of public archaeology in Poland, which has recently become topical in archaeological practice. The author defines public archaeology and discusses the historical background of such activities in the context of the specific traditions of Polish archaeology. He then describes the main forms of outreach activities undertaken by archaeologists in Poland and presents community-oriented initiatives that go beyond the education of the general public about the past and strive to engage local communities in activities focused on archaeology and archaeological heritage. He concludes by outlining some directions that this sub-discipline may adopt in future.

Between 2002 and 2017, Canadian lawmakers sought to redress the pervasive levels of discrimination, harassment, and violence experienced by transgender and/or non-binary people by adding the terms “gender identity” and/or “gender expression” to federal, provincial, and territorial human rights instruments. This paper tracks the complex, iterative ways in which antidiscrimination protections are brought to life outside courts and tribunals. Using Ontario’s publicly-funded English language secular school boards as a case study, we examine how the introduction of explicit human rights protections on the basis of “gender identity” and “gender expression” in 2012 worked to produce a series of responses across the education sector. Given that “gender identity” and “gender expression” remain legally undefined terms in the Ontario Human Rights Code, and only provisionally defined by Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC) policy, we argue that school boards constitute important actors engaged in constructing the meanings of these terms in policy and practice. In decentering courts and tribunals in our analysis, we aim to uncover the everyday practices of parallel norm-making taking place in the education context. These everyday practices shape how we collectively understand the meaning of “gender identity” and “gender expression.” By carefully tracking these post-legislative developments, which rarely make their way into reported decisions, we suggest that human rights law reforms might open up space for the emergence of norms that allow people to do gender in a variety of ways.

L’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP) est une priorité en santé publique. Complémentaire des soins pratiqués quotidiennement par les équipes, l’ETP s’adresse aux patients souffrant de maladies chroniques et à leurs proches. Elle vise à les aider à maintenir, ou acquérir, les compétences dont ils ont besoin afin de mieux vivre avec la pathologie [1].

Ainsi, en décembre 2013, une unité transversale d’éducation thérapeutique pour le patient en psychiatrie (UTEPP) a été créée au centre hospitalier des Pyrénées de PAU (64), pour développer l’ETP au sein de toutes les unités et accompagner les soignants dans la mise en œuvre de programmes. Elle est constituée d’une équipe pluridisciplinaire qui réunit un médecin psychiatre, un pharmacien et un infirmier.

Le développement de l’activité sera illustré par une frise chronologique.

Tout d’abord, l’équipe s’est attachée à communiquer sur cette nouvelle activité, en insistant sur la complémentarité de la psychoéducation déjà faite par les soignants. La discussion avec chaque équipe a permis de proposer des activités d’ETP spécifiques à chaque unité (unités d’entrants, de réhabilitation, structures de soins ambulatoires, hôpitaux de jour, etc.).

Forte d’un programme centré sur la schizophrénie, Arsimed©, et déjà autorisé par l’ARS Aquitaine, l’équipe a pérennisé l’action d’éducation auprès des familles, et, pour la première fois dans l’établissement, a proposé de l’ETP auprès de patients d’une unité de réhabilitation.

D’autres sessions du programme sont prévues dans différentes unités d’ici fin 2014.

L’enrichissement des pratiques est nécessaire, avec notamment l’élaboration de programmes s’adressant à des personnes souffrant d’autre troubles chroniques, et principalement le trouble bipolaire. Enfin, l’équipe se donne mission de développer un partenariat avec les UTEP de MCO afin de favoriser un parcours éducatif optimal pour les patients poly-pathologiques.

Comment le numérique peut aider le psychiatre dans sa pratique clinique : résultats des recherches récentes, informations utiles en pratique clinique ? De nombreuses ressources sont aujourd’hui disponibles sur Internet : revues de psychiatrie : toutes les revues nationales et internationales sont accessibles sur Internet . De nombreuses sont accessibles gratuitement 6 mois ou un an après parution. Leurs tables des matières peuvent être envoyées régulièrement sur abonnement gratuit. Sites d’informations spécialisés : certains abordent des sujets d’actualité, tels que Medscape Psychiatry (http://www.medscape.org/psychiatry), d’autres sont spécialisés, par exemple sur le cerveau (http://lecerveau.mcgill.ca/), la CIM-10 (http://www.icd10.ch/index.asp), les médicaments allongeant le QT (http://www.qtdrugs.org/), ou utilisés lors de la grossesse (http://www.lecrat.org/). Congrès : beaucoup mettent à disposition des comptes rendus ou des interventions filmées, en podcast ou en streaming, par exemple les congrès de l’ECNP (http://www.ecnp-congress.eu/), de l’EPA (http://www.epa-congress.org/), du Congrès français de psychiatrie (CFP) (http://www.congresfrancaispsychiatrie.org/), du Congrès de l’encéphale (http://www.encephale.com). Sites institutionnels : http://www.inserm.fr/, http://www.has-sante.fr/ ou des bibliothèques de l’université Paris Descartes (http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr) ou du CHU de Rouen (http://www.cismef.org/). Sites d’associations professionnelles : certaines mettent à disposition des guidelines ou des conférences de consensus, par exemple, l’Association française de psychiatrie biologique et neuropsychopharmacologie (http://www.afpbn.org/), l’Association française fédérative des étudiants en psychiatrie (http://www.affep.fr/), la World Psychiatric Association (http://www.wpanet.org/). Réseaux sociaux : ils permettent d’interagir avec d’autres professionnels, par exemple sur LinkedIn ou avec d’autres chercheurs sur Research Gate (http://www.researchgate.net/). Blogs : ils sont maintenant un moyen de communication très répandu, par exemple les blogs d’actualités médicales de Jean Yves Nau, ancien chroniqueur santé du Monde pendant 30 ans (jeanyvesnau.com), celui d’Hervé Maisonneuve (http://www.h2mw.eu/redactionmedicale) sur la rédaction médicale et scientifique. Sites destinés aux patients : 80 % d’entre eux ont consulté Internet à la recherche d’informations sur la santé . Certains sites peuvent être conseillés aux patients et leurs familles, par exemple celui de PSYCOM, d’information sur la santé mentale (http://www.psycom75.org/) .

This scoping review mapped and synthesized published literature related to education and support services for individuals with dementia and their caregivers living rurally. Specifically, we investigated education and support service needs, availability and use of services, barriers to service access and use, and solutions to these barriers. Empirical, English-language articles (2,381) were identified within MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCINFO, and EMBASE. Articles were screened according to Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-stage scoping review methodology and the recommendations of Levac et al. (2010). Findings suggest limited availability of rural dementia-related support and education services, particularly respite care and day programs. Service use varied across studies, with barriers including low knowledge regarding services, practicality, and resource issues (e.g., transportation, financial), values and beliefs, stigma, and negative perceptions of services. Solutions included tailored and person-centred services, technological service provision, accessibility assistance, inter-organization collaboration, education regarding services, and having a “point of entry” to service use.

The prevention and management of dementia in Canada is at a crossroads. Despite the low diagnosis rates, the number of persons living with dementia continues to increase. Yet, Canada’s health care policies have resulted in more people living with dementia living at home, and with most of their care being provided by family, friends, and significant others. This Policy Note provides an overview of a joint submission from the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association (CGNA) and the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) to the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science, and Technology. This article outlines the background and recommendations in five key areas of dementia care in Canada: health system resources, education and training of health providers, housing, care partners, and the integration of health and social supports. Based on these five key areas, a number of health and social policy interventions are discussed.

Delirium is a major health care problem with potentially serious consequences. Sub-optimal management is an unfortunate but pervasive hallmark of the disorder. We argue that lapses in the care of delirious patients are related to the peculiarities of delirium as a disorder that affects the “self” of the sufferer. Therefore, corruption of self renders behaviour outside the control of the delirious individual and places the person at risk of mechanistic dehumanisation. A proposed solution is to foster an expanded view of the self, taken from recent philosophy and cognitive science, which would allow the clinician to understand pathological behaviour as indicative of disruption to thought. An ethics of care approach that reframes the patient/carer relationship is proposed. These unique propositions could, together, facilitate the development of a framework of more caring and effective practices and relationships for delirium treatment.

Continuing education is the ideal mechanism to allow retired people to maintain their autonomy and health for as long as possible. Despite the importance of education in the development of human beings, very few studies have been identified on the need for continued education in older adults. This quantitative descriptive study allowed us to better understand the interests and the needs of seniors related to continuing education in French-speaking older adults in New Brunswick (n = 408), and to identify the perceptions of participants with regard to the benefits, the challenges and the preferences of seniors for continuing education. Study results indicate that the main interests of participants were for training in technology (computers), gardening and health matters. Given the lack of research in this domain, these results will be useful for future planning of continuing education initiatives for seniors.

Education—and particularly public education—has become a crucible for the relationship between state and religious diversity, a principal site for contemporary debates about the meaning of secularism and the management of religious difference. This is so across a variety of national traditions, and despite wide differences in the historical and “emotional inheritances” surrounding the configuration of law, politics, and religion. Through an exploration of Hannah Arendt’s thought about responsibility and freedom in education, this article works towards a better understanding of why education is such a crucial and fraught field in the modern encounter between religion and law. The article turns to the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada to draw out the implications of these ideas, arriving ultimately at a claim about the nature and limits of the concept of state neutrality.

The demographic aging of the Registered Indian population suggests that the social, economic, and health conditions of older Registered Indians will be increasingly important for communities and policymakers. We have adapted the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Index using data from the Census of Canada and the Indian Register to measure whether improvements seen in the knowledge, standard of living, and health of the Registered Indian population between 1981 and 2001 are also observed among Registered Indians of older ages. The absolute levels of well-being of older Registered Indians were found to have improved, but gaps with other older Canadians had widened, particularly in terms of income and male life expectancy.

This paper aims at explaining why countries with comparable levels of education still experience notable differences in terms of R&D and innovation. High-skilled migration, ultimately linked to differences in R&D costs, might be responsible for the persistence of such a gap. In fact, in a model where human capital accumulation and innovation are strategic complements, we show that allowing labor outflows may strengthen educational incentives in the lagging economy if migration is probabilistic in nature, but at the same time reduces the share of innovative production. Income (growth) might be consequently affected, and a positive migration chance is very unlikely to act as a substitute for educational subsidies.

In the last decades, OECD labor markets faced important labor supply changes with the arrival of women and the cohorts of the baby-boom. Using a survey where workers declare their true employment experience, this paper argues that these supply trends imply more inexperienced workers. It then investigates the consequences of this fact on the skill composition of the labor force, between-groups wage inequality and the level of unemployment. The main result is that a labor market with wage rigidities may not recover from such a temporary labor supply shock: with a younger and less experienced labor force, there is higher unemployment among low-experience workers, they do not accumulate enough on-the-job human capital, this reduces in the long-run the supply of skilled (experienced) workers and the demand for unskilled workers. This intertemporal multiplication of supply shocks generates multiple equilibria, and the rigid economy is stuck to the bad equilibrium even after the shock. In a competitive labor market, in contrast, wage inequality and notably, the wage return to experience becomes higher but there is no persistence of the supply shock.

This paper examines the dynamics of the skill supply and its incidence on economic growth in the presence of education policies. When there are indivisibilities in the financing of human capital, small differences in the initial distribution of skills may greatly affect the stationary distribution: the economy may end up in a “low skill trap”, or in a high skill equilibrium. The model implies that for some ranges of initial distributions there will be intergenerational immobility. Finally, cross-country differences in long-term macroeconomic adjustment to education policies may be attributed, among other factors, to the existence of a congestion effect in the education system.

The stem borer Chilo spp. is a significant limiting factor of tropical cereal production. Consequently, international co-operation in research, education and training and resource sharing, including information exchange is essential for the Chilo problem to be minimized. Networking is likely to be the most beneficial mechanism for co-operation, for it has proved effective in bringing together faculties and establishing fora for exchange of experiences. The sustenance of co-operation and strategic devolution of appropriate responsibilities to national institutions are key considerations for enlisting national support and continued international co-operation.