Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
29 - Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
from Part III - Control of central nervous system output
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Physiology and pathophysiology of nerve fibres
- Part II Pain
- Part III Control of central nervous system output
- 18 Synaptic transduction in neocortical neurones
- 19 Cortical circuits, synchronization and seizures
- 20 Physiologically induced changes of brain temperature and their effect on extracellular field potentials
- 21 Fusimotor control of the respiratory muscles
- 22 Cerebral accompaniments and functional significance of the long-latency stretch reflexes in human forearm muscles
- 23 The cerebellum and proprioceptive control of movement
- 24 Roles of the lateral nodulus and uvula of the cerebellum in cardiovascular control
- 25 Central actions of curare and gallamine: implications for reticular reflex myoclonus?
- 26 Pathophysiology of upper motoneurone disorders
- 27 Modulation of hypoglossal motoneurones by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin
- 28 Serotonin and central respiratory disorders in the newborn
- 29 Are medullary respiratory neurones multipurpose neurones?
- 30 Reflex control of expiratory motor output in dogs
- 31 Abnormal thoraco-abdominal movements in patients with chronic lung disease
- 32 Respiratory rhythms and apnoeas in the newborn
- 33 Cardiorespiratory interactions during apnoea
- 34 Impairment of respiratory control in neurological disease
- 35 The respiratory muscles in neurological disease
- Part IV Development, survival, regeneration and death
- Index
Summary
Summary
Recent studies performed in invertebrates have challenged the classical views on the role of a neurone within a network. Indeed, it has been clearly demonstrated that a neurone can belong to different networks involved in the generation of different motor activities (Meyrand, Simmers & Moulins, 1991; Weimann, Meyrand & Marder, 1991). The activation of respiratory neurones during non-respiratory behaviours such as vomiting, coughing or swallowing suggest that such ‘multipurpose or multifunctional’ neurones might also exist in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals.
Introduction
The neural origin of motor activities has been the interest of physiologists since the last century. During the 1960s, rapid progress took place with the development of invertebrate preparations performing complex motor tasks with few neurones organized in ‘simple’ circuitry. In parallel, vertebrate preparations permitting the study of continuing motor activities such as respiration or locomotion were developed by Cohen (1969, 1971, 1979, 1981), von Euler (1973, 1977, 1983, 1986), Sears (1964, 1971, 1990), Lund (Lund & Dellow, 1971; Lund, 1976; Lund & Enomoto, 1988), Grillner (1974, 1981, 1985) and others. As time has gone by, it has become clear that different rhythmic motor patterns result from the interaction between a neuronal network, often referred to as a central rhythm generator or central pattern generator (CPG) residing within the CNS, and afferent inputs (i.e. peripheral feedback loops) arising as the consequence of the movements themselves.
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- The Neurobiology of DiseaseContributions from Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, pp. 299 - 308Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1996
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