The purpose of this conference was to discuss the present state of research on human migration and to suggest the most immediate needs for studies facilitating research and for substantive investigations, all with special reference to Africa. The following participants met for two days in Evanston, Illinois: Lyle W. Shannon, of the Sociology Department of the State University of Iowa, has completed a study of in-migration of Mexican-Americans, southern whites, and Negroes to Racine, Wisconsin, and is concerned with the functions of gatekeepers, prevailing opportunities, and experiences of change in the absorption and integration of migrants into their new community. Leonard Doob of the Psychology Department of Yale University has done work with a scale of opinions and values which has been tested with five African tribes; he is particularly concerned with acculturation and imagery as well as temporal orientation and selective migration. Edward Soja from the Geography Department at Northwestern University has been working on Kenya, mapping intranational patterns of migration, and testing the theory that clashes of cultures generate differentiation. Hans Panofsky, Curator of the African Library at Northwestern University Library, has been concerned with the economic aspects of labor migration in Ghana and bibliographically with the whole of Africa. Louise Holborn, of the Political Science Department of Radcliffe College, has been working with the refugee problem, UN resettlement projects, and international migration. Leo F. Schnore, sociologist from the University of Wisconsin, has been doing research on population redistribution and residential mobility in the United States. Francis Hsu of the Anthropology Department of Northwestern University and Duane Marble of the Geography Department were with the group briefly. Marilyn Tschanner and Roland Eves served as rapporteurs. Chairman was Franklin D. Scott of the History Department of Northwestern, who has worked on migration in general and especially on Scandinavian migration and cultural interchange.

When Lovanium University was founded in October, 1954, only 10 students registered for the Department of Education. Within twelve years, 43 students graduated either in Psychology or in Education, and 54 others obtained a Diploma in Education. During the academic year 1966-1967, there were about 200 students in the Department. These are tangible results. Young people have been prepared to serve their countries in the field of education and teaching, a field which is very important in a developing country.

From the beginning the main objective of the Department has been to adapt a specifically African programme and training. The increasing success known by this Department, especially since 1963-1964, shows that it really meets the needs of a young Republic which is constantly searching for qualified African professors for secondary schools and training colleges as well as school inspectors and competent counsellors in education. The psychologists also face a very big task. Centres for school orientation and selection, as well as for vocational selection and orientation, are in bad need of qualified staff to create new centres or to extend the ones already existing.

In July-August, 1964 at Lagos, 28 countries participated in a UNESCO -United Nations Economic Commission for Africa-sponsored “International Conference on the Organization of Research and Training in Africa in Relation to the Study, Conservation, and Utilization of Natural Resources.” The following is from a resolution of that conference:

Conscious of the importance of natural resources to the national heritage of each country … Considering that development and social progress depend upon the wise exploitation of these resources … Proclaims … that extension of scientific and technical research on natural resources constitutes a factor essential to such development … Recommends that governments should devote continued and very large-scale efforts to the promotion of science and technical research….

This recognition by governments of the need to increase scientific research programs, of their responsibility for the organization of scientific research, and of the need to establish a balance between fundamental and applied research implies a previous or existing situation with a different approach which should be examined and also indicates a necessity for changes in outlook, the results of which can be followed for years to come.

I was in the Netherlands between November 1, 1966 and May 15, 1967, investigating the manuscripts concerned with the Dutch presence on the Gold Coast. My work involved research into the political and social influences of the Dutch at Elmina during the first half of the eighteenth century. Patricia Carson's book, Materials for West African History in the Archives of Belgium and Holland, served as an initial basis for my research; this article is primarily intended to supplement her citations.

Miss Carson's guide has provided students of West African history with an initial indication of the vast amount of manuscript material existing in the Netherlands. I would, therefore, like first to pay tribute to Miss Carson for the magnitude of her effort and the strength of her trailblazing work. Her guide to the manuscript materials in the Netherlands is accurate and displays a great amount of painstaking effort on her part. The fact that I am able to supplement her book, I believe, is based on my growing knowledge of the Archives of the Second West India Company and the Archives of the Netherlands Settlements on the Guinea Coast. I also had the good fortune in that the staff of the Algemeen Rijksarchief was most helpful in suggesting inventories of which Miss Carson may not have been aware or which she might have missed. In addition, I was able to check other manuscript repositories, one or two of which yielded useful citations.

This review continues the series published in previous issues of the African Studies Bulletin and which among them supplement the fourth edition of the writer's Guide to South African Reference Books (Balkema, 1965). Works published in 1965 which reached the writer too late for inclusion in the 1965 survey are also noted. Prices, where available, are given in South African rands (R1 = 1.4 U.S. dollars).

A major new atlas has been produced by the Government's Department of Planning. This Development Atlas (Government Printer, 1966, R14-90for binder and parts published to date) is loose-leaf in form and is issued in sections. Complemented by a brief but factual text, it covers such topics as physical features, administration, water resources, minerals, and mines.

The final two parts of the Africa Maps and Statistics (Africa Institute, 1962-1965) were issued in 1965. These were No. 9: Trade, Income and Aid; and No. 10: Political Development. The original plan was to publish 12 parts, but the series has been completed in 10. This publication, in loose-leaf form, will be revised in the future.

About 1960, the study of West African history took a new turn as historians became aware of the interest and value of Islamic sources for their work, particularly manuscript materials in Arabic. To be sure, the use of Arabic sources for the history of West Africa is nothing new: in 1841, W. Des-borough Cooley published his The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained; or, an Inquiry into the Early History and Geography of Central Africa. But Cooley's pioneering book was discounted by later British and American writers on Africa as the work of an eccentric. In the 1880's and 1890's, many of these writers were spellbound by their vision of what Christianity might do for the African, while others were preoccupied by what they deemed to be the morally indefensible activities of the Muslims as slave-raiders and traders in West and East Africa. As late as the 1930's, the well-known British anthropologist C. K. Meek indicted Islam in northern Nigeria when he wrote: “The institution of slavery is a pivotal feature of Islamic society, and we are justified with charging Muhammadanism with the devastation and desolation in which Northern Nigeria was found at the beginning of this century.” Other writers, like Sir A.C. Burns for Nigeria, and A. W. Cardinall and W. E. F. Ward for Ghana, dismissed the Islamic side of West African history in few words, or gave it no mention at all. There were other reasons for this lack of emphasis. In northern Nigeria, for example, many British officials were apprehensive of an outbreak of “Mahdism” among the Muslims; and very frequently, French officials looked on Islam as a rival political system, dangerous and potentially subversive.

Le Centre d'Analyse Documentaire pour l'Afrique Noire was created in 1961 as part of the VI section (Division des Aires Culturelles, Centre d'Etudes Africaines) of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. In 1965 it was joined with the Service d'Echange d'Informations Scientifiques of the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, while retaining its organizational affiliations with the Centre d'Etudes Africaines.

We propose to present here the work accomplished at CARDAN since its founding, to define the tasks which it is proposed to accomplish in the years to come, and to inform researchers of the services which the Center can offer. We shall present successively the balance sheet of past years and the future program of CARDAN.

In preparation for the enclosed report, each Fellow of the African Studies Association was sent a copy of the guidelines with a request for his or her suggestions. Over 50 individual replies representing major fields of the social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences were received, along with a number of responses from librarians, and from Africanists in small and/or isolated colleges.

A special appeal was also made to all major Programs of African Studies to discuss the issues raised by the report and was followed with a draft report covering all the major points raised in the outline. This draft report was discussed in detail with the faculty and a selected group of advanced graduate students in the Program of African Studies at Northwestern University and subsequently formed the basis for a meeting in Evanston of directors of major Programs of African Studies. Directors or their representatives from nine of these centers - - UCLA, Wisconsin, Chicago, Indiana, Michigan State University, Boston University, Howard, Syracuse, and the University of Florida -- attended the meeting, which proved to be extremely helpful. Previousy, the draft report was also discussed with representatives from Berkeley and from the Connecticut Valley.

The report reflects what proved to be a very wide measure of consensus about the present status and the particular needs of African Studies. It is sincerely hoped that the International Education Act will enable gains to date to be consolidated and progress to be made in the ways identified in the report.