Although the family burden remains one of the most important consequences of schizophrenia, no reports have addressed this important issue in the Arab world.

Determine relationship of family burden with the caregiver’s/patient’s socio-demographics, clinical features and the indices of quality of care.

Consecutive family caregivers of outpatients with schizophrenia were interviewed with the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ-EU). Patients were interviewed with measures of needs for care, service satisfaction, quality of life and psychopathology.

Amongst the 121 caregivers, the higher burden scores were associated with caregiver lower level of education, patient’s female gender and younger age; patient’s lower subjective QOL and needs for hospital care; and not involving the patient in outdoor activities. Disruptive behavior was the greatest determinant of global ratings of burden.

Despite generous national social welfare provisions, results underscore the need for the community-based programs and continued intervention with the families in order to improve the quality of care.

A recent systematic review found a high prevalence of violence and mental distress among women trafficked for sexual exploitation; no data were identified for trafficked men and children.

To describe the clinical characteristics of trafficked people in contact with a large inner city mental health service compared with a non-trafficked cohort.

To investigate whether, compared with a non-trafficked cohort, trafficked people would be significantly more likely to have co-morbid disorders and have significantly smaller improvements in functioning at the end of an episode of care.

Study population: mental health service users who had been trafficked for exploitation and a non-trafficked service user cohort matched for gender and age. Data source: The South London and Maudsley NHS Trust (SLaM) Biomedical Research Centre Case Register Interactive Search (CRIS) database of anonymised full patient records (2006–2012).

We identified case records of 135 people who had been trafficked. 104 (77%) were female; age at first SLaM contact ranged from 8 to 49 years (mean 23.6, SD 8.0). 38 (28%) of the trafficked service users received psychiatric care from an emergency department. Depression (28.1%, n = 38), PTSD (19.3%, n = 26), non-affective psychoses (12.6%, n = 17) were the most frequently recorded diagnoses among trafficked service users. Further analysis is in progress and scheduled for completion by March 2013.

Significant numbers of trafficked people were seen in an inner-city mental health service; services therefore need to understand their complex needs.

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are known to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a predictor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This risk differs according to the AAPs.

The objective of this analysis was to examine the incidence of MetS in schizophrenia patients treated with asenapine or olanzapine.

The aim was to estimate the incidence of MetS among schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV criteria) after 52 weeks of exposure to asenapine or olanzapine.

Pooled data from patients completing 52-week extension of randomized trials (041512, 041513, 25544 and A7501014) were included. Patients were treated with asenapine or olanzapine.

The National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition of MetS was used, defined as 3 or more of the 5 following risk determinants: waist circumference > 102 cm for male and > 88 cm for female, triglycerides = 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for male and < 50 mg/dL for female, sitting blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg, or fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL.

Incidence (i.e. new metabolic cases in patients without MetS at baseline) was calculated at week 52.

741 patients were included in this analysis of 52-week studies (asenapine 397, olanzapine 344). After 52 weeks of treatment exposure, the incidence of MetS was significantly higher in olanzapine-treated patients than in asenapine-treated patients (19.44% versus 11.46%, p = 0.01).

These post-hoc analyses confirmed a higher risk of developing a MetS with olanzapine. The incidence of MetS after 52 weeks of treatment with asenapine was found to be significantly lower.

Disfiguring changes in appearance secondary to illness or injury such as burn injury lead to significant body image changes in both sex but particularly in Women. Carrying out educational program about physical appearance may improve their distress and reinforce them to think positively and doing positively throughout their lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of teaching program on body satisfaction of Iranian burn women.

This quasi-experimental one-group pre-post test study investigated the impact of teaching program on Body satisfaction of Burn Women hospitalized in Mottahari Burn Hospital in Tehran. A sample of 65 burn adult women participated in this study after giving information regarding the study objectives and filling in an informed consent. Data gathering was done by the satisfaction With Appearance Scale (SWAP). Study participants completed the questionnaire before intervention. An educational workshop regarding physical appearance and the way of improving was established for the subjects. Data were collected by the questionnaire one month after intervention.

Findings revealed that the age of most of women (60 %) was 20–40 years and 61.5% were employed. Degree of burning in most of participants was 21–40%. There was significant statistical difference between Mean scores of body satisfaction before and after intervention (P = 0.001).

The teaching workshop seems to promote body satisfaction of burn women. The study hypothesis was accepted. These programs should be carried out for all kind of disfigurement.

Individual Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) for AN has been found to improve patients’ neuropsychological functioning and short term outcome. No French speaking country has tested its effectiveness. Moreover, the question whether it is similarly efficient for both restrictive and binge-purging AN remains unanswered. We thus designed a randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of individual CRT in AN adolescents or young adults.

120 female AN [16-35 years old] (60 AN-R; 60 AN-BP) from three specialized care units (P.Brousse, IMM, Cochin- MDA). Patients of each AN type are randomly allocated to one of the two treatment arms: CRT or Sham Therapy (ST). The Sham therapy (ST) has been designed to match the CRT format: an individual manualised therapist-led 10-sessions long program (2 sessions/week). ST sessions have been designed so as to avoid set-shifting and central coherence training and rather tap 3 domains: soft physical activity, emotional expression and recognition and interpersonal functioning. Primary outcomes are neurocognitive improvement at the end of therapy (TMT, WSCT performances) and better clinical status (GOAS) at the end of therapy and at follow-up (6 months, 1 year). Secondary outcomes are changes in BMI, central coherence, selfreported eating disorders symptoms and cognitive flexibility, and motivation to change.

Inclusions started in September 2012. Preliminary findings (at least 15 participants in each arm are expected by then) on short term CRT effectiveness will be presented.

In experimental psychopathology there is a long tradition of reaction time studies. Especially in schizophrenia there has reliably been observed deficits in attention and reaction time.

To examine if patients with schizophrenia can be differentiated from patients with mood disorder on the basis of their reaction time patterns.

To evaluate if reaction time measures might be useful in the diagnostic process.

58 patients with schizophrenia, 55 patients with mood disorder, and 30 healthy controls participated in a computerbased reaction time experiment. The stimuli were short visual and auditory stimuli presented in a randomized sequence. The subjects were instructed to press a button each time they saw or heard a signal from the computer.

The reaction times of the patients with schizophrenia and mood disorder to both light and sound stimuli were significantly slower than those of the control group. Furthermore, the patient groups’ reaction times were significantly less stable than those of the control group, and they made significantly more errrors. However, no significant differences in reaction times, stability of reaction times, and number of errors were found between the two patient groups. No clear or consistent differences were observed when comparing the reaction time patterns of subgroups of schizophrenia patients with positive, mixed and negative symptoms, and mood disorder patients in manic and depressive phases.

On the basis of simple reaction measures it is not possible to differentiate between patients with schizophrenia and mood disorder.

The effect of a shift of sensory modality on the serial reaction times of patients with schizophrenia was first reported in 1961. Zubin & Spring (1977) argued that the modality shift effect (MSE) might be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. A MSE has, however, also been observed in patients with depression, brain damage, alcoholism etc.

To examine if patients with schizophrenia can be differentated from patients with mood disorder on the basis of the MSE to light and tone stimuli.

To evaluate if MSE measures could be useful in the diagnostic process.

58 patients with schizophrenia, 55 patients with mood disorder, and 30 healthy controls participated in a computerbased reaction time experiment. The stimuli were short visual and auditory signals presented in a randomized sequence. Participants were instructed to press a button each time they saw or heard a signal.

The MSE to both light and sound stimuli of the patients with schizophrenia and mood disorder was significantly longer than the control group’s. There was no significant difference in the patient groups’ MSE to light stimuli; but patients with schizophrenia had a significantly longer MSE to tone stimuli than patients with mood disorder. No clear or consistent differences were observed when comparing subgroups of schizophrenia patients with positive, mixed, and negative symptoms, and mood disorder patients in manic, neutral, and depressive phases.

The MSE to visual and auditory stimuli is not specific for schizophrenia as it can also be observed in mood disorder.

1. (1) to identify the proportion of families that have at least one first degree relative (FDR) with major unipolar depression (MUD), across bipolar (BP) and schizophrenic (SC) multiplex families;

2. (2) to assess if there are significant demographic/clinic differences between these two groups.

The sample included 120 families with at least one first or second degree proband relatives diagnosed with BP or SC disorders. We selected BP and SC probands’ families that had at least one FDR with MUD, according to DSM-III-R. All families have been evaluated with Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and selected according to the diagnostic definitions of DSM-III-R, based on the Operational Criteria Checklist. T-tests and chi-square tests used to analyze demographic and clinical differences between the two groups.

Out of the 60 BP families, 38.3% had at least one FDR with MUD; depressed relatives were predominantly female (68.7%) - sisters (35.5%), mothers (29%), daughters (3.2%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 35 and 15 years, respectively. Out of 60 SC families, 31.6% had at least one FDR with MUD; the majority of depressed relatives were females (81.8%) - sisters (42.9%), mothers (38%) daughters (4.8%). The average age of onset and length of illness was 30 and 19 years, respectively. There was no significant statistical differences between BP and SC families.

These results may support the thesis of a common genetic vulnerability to MUD, and the continuum viewpoint of affective and psychotic disorders.

The present study aims to analyze the effects of education of life skills on the reduction of mentalbehavioral disorders in students.

The present study is a quasi experimental research with pre-test and post-test. The population of this study consists of the male students of an elementary school in Savad kooh city in the school year of 2012–2013. Thirty students were selected by DASS_42 questionnaire that would evaluate the mental-behavioral disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress). They attended the life skills workshop. Questionnaires were used as a source of information. in order to analyze the data of descriptive and deductive statistics, the dependent t and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated with the help of SPSS software.

The difference among the three scales of depression, anxiety and stress, before and after the workshop, was significant. Results also showed that there was significant relationship (p< 0,0001) among the three scales of depression, anxiety, and stress before and after the education of seven skills of living to the students.

Life skills enable people to learn what to do and how to do. Successful learning of life skills affects the feelings of the learners towards themselves and others as well. Furthermore, the changes that such skills bring about in teens can change the attitude of other people. Therefore, life skill is one of the main factors of developing the mental health.

According to the data of 2011, Russia is among the ten countries in the world with the highest suicide rate - 21.4 cases per 100 000 population. However, many aspects of the problem of suicide are not studied. This prevents the organization of the system of effective suicide prevention. in this regard special attention deserve ethnocultural factors, since they are essential to the moral and ethical attitude to the possibility of suicide and to potential willingness to formation of suicidal behavior.

Study of the rate of suicide among different nations of Russia.

Statistical analysis of suicide rate in the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2011.

The specificity of suicide situation in Russia is that suicide rates in different ethnic groups of the population has the distinction of reaching 30: from 3 per 100,000 in the Republic of Dagestan to 89.8 per 100,000 in the Nenets Autonomous District. This is due to cultural peculiarities of different ethnic groups, including the historically established their relationship to suicide.Taking in consideration this factors were elaborated the differential programs for suicide prevention. That has allowed to lower suicidal rate in average in 1.5 times for the last 7 years. That indicates the possible beneficial effects of the ethnocultural approach in suicide prevention strategies.

In planning programs suicide prevention in multinational countries should take into account the ethnocultural characteristics of the residing peoples.

This study aims to compare the extent of mental stress between mentally retarded and normal children’s parents.

The study had a post-event survey design (causal- comparative one). The sample size including 120parents with mentally retarded children and 120 parents with normal kids was selected through clustering multi-stage sampling method. Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) developed by Friedrich et al was used to examine the degree of parental stress. Accordingly, by applying statistical t-tests for independent samp and Pearson correlation coefficient, the research data were analyzed.

Results from this study showed that a significant difference was found at stress level between parents with mentally retarded children and those with healthy kids. in fact, the degree of mental stress amongst parents with mentally retarded children was turned out to be much more than that of in parents with normal children (P< 0.01).No significant difference was observed between mothers and fathers having children with mental retardation in terms of mental stress. That is, both fathers and mothers with mentally retarded kids suffered from the same degree of mental stress. Despite the fact that parents’ stress had nothing to do with child’s gender, it significantly increased with mentally retarded child’s age(P=0.01). On the other hand, the more the age of the mentally disabled child was, the more the stress of parents would be. Also, the relationship of parents’ literacy level with degree of stress was significantly different (P< 0.01).

There is little information on the dental health status and treatment needs of sub-population groups especially psychiatric in-patients in developing countries such as Iran. This study aimed to assess the oral and dental health status in hospitalized psychiatric patients.

The study was conducted in two psychiatric hospitals (Shahid Beheshti and Bahman) in the city of Kerman, Iran. The study population comprise of 193 psychiatric patients. According to the duration of the hospital stay, patients were categorized into two groups of acute and chronic. The oral and dental health of the patients were assessed using Decay, Missing, Filling Teeth (DMFT) index and Oral Assessment Guide for Psychiatric Care (OAG-PC). High score for these two scales indicated a worse oral and dental health.

The mean DMFT and OAG-PC scores of patients were 19.74±7.88 and 20.77, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that patients in chronic group had higher OAG-PC (P=0.014), but the difference of DMFT scores was not statistically significant between two groups (0.57). After controlling the effects of confounding variables the differences of the DMFT and OAG-PC scores were not statistically significant between two groups (p values = 0.88 and 0.64, respectively).

The results of the present study showed that the oral and dental health in psychiatric patients were poor. Our findings indicate that it is vital to improve the oral and dental health status of psychiatric patients and thereby the quality of life of these patients.

žDepression is a treatable medical condition and one of the most frequent causes of emotional distress in older adults žUntreated depression can delay recovery or worsen the outcome of other medical illnesses via increased morbidity or mortality žDepression is NOT a part of normal aging.

žTo determine the prevalence of depression among the elderly population žTo identify the risk factors with respect to depression in elderly.

žStudy design: Cross sectional study žStudy setting: Community based žSample size: 216 žStudy area: Southern part of urban Pune city žInclusion criteria: Age more than 60 yrs of age žStudy tool: Predesigned Questionnaire including WHO 5 Well being index and Mastering depression in Primary care version 2.2 was administered.

The prevalence of ndepression was 21.2% in the geriatric population. Widowed stae, financial dependancy,living in nuclear family and medical illnesses were the major stressors.

The present study found that widowed state,retirement,medical illness and residing in a nuclear family system are strong predictors of depression in the elderly.

žSocial support programs for the elderly must be developed to ensure their well-being. Awareness about risk factors would help in designing appropriate strategies for prevention of depressive disorders in geriatric population.

In collaborative care management (CCM) for depression, a restoration of premorbid functional status is as important as symptom reduction.

The goal of this study was to investigate if the baseline functional status of the patient (as determined by the tenth question of the PHQ-9) was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes six months after enrollment into CCM and the interdependence of clinical outcomes on functional improvement at six months.

One thousand eighty three adult patients who were enrolled in CCM for the diagnosis of major depression or dysthymia and had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater were retrospectively reviewed.

Using a multiple regression model for clinical remission six months after enrollment into CCM; age, race and gender were not significant predictors of remission, however, being married was (OR 1.323 CI 1.013-1.727, P= 0.040). Patients in the Extremely Difficult category had an odds ratio of remission of 0.610 (CI 0.392-0.945, P=0.028) at six months compared to the Somewhat Difficult group. Also, the odds of a patient achieving normal functional status at six months was highly correlated to clinical remission (PHQ-9 < 5) with an odds ratio of 218.530 (p< 0.001).

Depressed patients with worsening functional status at enrollment into CCM are less likely to achieve remission after six months, independent of all other variables studied. Also, improvement of a patient’s functional status at six months was highly correlated with clinical remission.

Of late, highly publicized reports have revealed that approximately half of university students report moderate levels of stress-related mental health concerns including anxiety and depression. Other research reveals that university health services are only providing services to a small percentage of these students. Universities must therefore consider the use of accessible programs that address student stress and reduce resultant anxiety and depression.

A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stress in university students. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the assignment of study participants to experimental or control groups was by random allocation or parallel cohort design.

Twenty-four studies, involving 1431 students were included in the meta-analysis. The findings suggest that cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions focused on stress reduction significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety. Further, despite variations in approaches in terms of length of intervention and specific components of the intervention (including such aspects as cognitive restructuring, relaxation and meditation) with students in different programs and in different countries, these results are remarkably consistent. Secondary outcomes included lower levels of depression and cortisol.

This review and meta-analysis provides strong support that cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based approaches are effective in reducing the effects of stress on university students. Given the high rates of stress-related mental health problems reported by university students, universities are advised to examine means to provide opportunities for larger numbers of students to access these interventions.