This study deals with the larval morphology of the six commonest species of Chrysobothris that occur in eastern Canada. The morphology of the genus is presented as a guide to the terminology. For each species, a short diagnosis is given, followed by a detailed description, its geographical distribution and a list of its host-plant genera. A key to the larvae is provided.

The specific name curtipennis (Harris) is reinstated for North American Chorthippus, which is not (as erroneously supposed) conspecific with an Old World species. A neotype is designated and described for C. curtipennis (Harris), and a lectotype is chosen for C. montanus (Charpentier).

In the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum single-pair matings of different age combinations, young (1 day old) and old (10 days old) maintained for two weeks at 29 ± 2 °C. and 70% relative humidity showed that males matured sexually on the second day of adult life; females matured on the fourth. Between days 7 and 14, regardless of age, productivity was expressed as a single straight line with zero slope and an intercept of 16.4.

Young x young pairs maintained at 25, 29 and 32 °C. had fertilities peculiar to the temperature. The higher the temperature, the earlier reproduction began and the greater the number of F1 adults per day during the two-week experimental period.

A spotted tentiform leaf miner, often present during recent years in large numbers in apple orchards in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, is identified as Lithocolletis blancardella Fabr., a species common on apples in Europe. Recent collecting indicates that the species occurs widely in Eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Diagnostic characters, especially those of the male genitalia, are compared with those of specimens identified as L. crataegella Clem. and L. propinquinella Braun, two similar species which commonly occur on apple and black cherry respectively.

A new species of Dactynotus Rafinesque is described, from curlycup gumweed, Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal.

The aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella Cham., has recently become common and very abundant in western North America, and has been authoritatively identified only from trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx. Overwintered adults lay eggs on young aspen leaves in spring, and new-generation moths emerge in about two months. Only the single epidermal cell layer is mined on the upper or lower leaf surface, most of the feeding being done by the third-instar larva in about a week. Heavy attack results in defoliation by mid-summer. Activities of breeding populations are affected by temperature (50-55°F. is optimal for copulation, 54-56°F. for feeding, and 52-58°F. for oviposirion) and developmental stage of aspen leaves. Eggs are laid singly near the apex of the leaf and tend to be evenly spaced. Distribution of eggs between leaves tends to be uniform in a particular level of the tree, although more eggs are laid in the lower crown. A female moth can develop more than 40 eggs, but only about 7 are usually laid because of limited opportunities. Mortality in the larval and pupal stages is often high; population decline usually follows mortalities above 70%. Parasitism sometimes plays an important role, but the independence of population changes between broad geographic areas suggests that numbers of P. populiella may be strongly influenced by climatic factors. Population trends and damage can be assessed conveniently for large geographic areas and for specific sites by continuing studies in permanent sample plots. Expected damage may be predicted from estimates of new-generation adult populations. Because inter-tree variation exceeds intra-tree variation, more trees and fewer branches per tree should be taken to increase sampling efficiency. Also, greater precision is attained by the use of the individual leaf surface rather than the leaf as a basic sample unit.

The status and the condition of the type specimens of Orthoptera described by the Abbé Léon Provancher, the pioneer entomologist of Québec, are discussed.

The grey larch budmoth, Zeiraphera griseana Hb., defoliates the extensive larch forests of the European Alps at intervals of from six to eight years. Historical records on the development of visible damage for ten gradations, together with quantitative results on the population dynamics of the last full gradation, provide the explanation of this cyclic phenomenon. Average weather conditions allowing a steady population increase, the deciduous habit of the host tree, and a high rate of increase constitute a simple ecological situation which results in regular oscillations of populations of this insect.

The mountain-ash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.), a pest on Sorbus spp., is known to occur in Europe, Asia, and North America. It has two generations a year in eastern Canada but only one in northern Quebec. The first generation predominates. The sawfly overwinters as a larva in a cocoon in litter or soil. Adults emerge from late May to early July, and lay eggs in pockets between the epidermal lavers around the edges of leaflets. The eggs hatch in about a week and the larvae feed from two to three weeks. The second generation, which starts in late July, is usually small. Adults producing the first generation may come from both generations of the preceding year whereas adults producing the second generation stem only from the first. Parthenogenesis is facultative and arrhenotokous; about 61% of adults reared were females. The male larvae have four instars and the female five. Some larvae remain in diapause up to five years. Foliage consumption of female larvae was about 1.4 times that of male larvae.

P. geniculata lacks adequate density-dependent control factors and an important limiting factor may be its scattered food supply. The introduction of parasites, predators, or disease organisms might be beneficial.

Group IV of North American Ips (Hopping 1963a) contains I. avulsus (Eichhoff), I. bonanseai (Hopkins) and I. pini (Say), which breed mainly in pines. They have four spines on each side of the elytral declivity and the elytral interspaces are impunctate except I. bonanseai which occasionally has interspace punctures. A key to the species is given and Ips oregoni (Eichhoff) is made a synonym of Ips pini (Say). Group V has only one species, I. perroti Swaine, the only North American Ips with straight sutures on the antennal club. Data on hosts and distributions are given.

Sixty nests of Anthophora terminalis Cresson were obtained from sumac stick trap-nests during 1952-1962. The cells were constructed with sawdust chewed from the walls of the hole drilled in the trap. Each cell was 7 mm. wide and 11 mm. long, lined with a salivary secretion, and separated from adjacent cells by partitions. The mean number of cells was 5.8 (range 1-11). A sawdust plug was constructed on top of the last cell, and usually located a few inches from the orifice of the hole. Provisions in the cells normally had a "sour" odor, and in many cells the provisions were spoiled. Adults were reared with difficulty, as the larva did not spin a cocoon. In nests with both sexes, the females invariably preceded the males. A nest found in a dead poplar log was essentially the same as those made in the traps. Floral hosts included Stachys palustris L., Nepeta cataria L. and Epilobium angustifolium L. There was one generation a year in Wisconsin.

A new subgenus is proposed for the following species of Ammophila: opulenta Guérin-Méneville, melanaria Dahlbom, binodis (Fabricius), aureonotata Cameron, catamarcensis Schrottky, willinki Menke, eximia Lepeletier, auromaculata Perez, and asperata Fox. A key to species is provided, with comparative and distributional notes. Ammophila willinki from Argentina and Brazil is described as new. Lectotypes are established for the following species: A. bimaculigera Strand, A. melanaria Dahlbom, A. miliaris Cameron, A. iridipennis Cameron, A. aureonotata Cameron, and A. asperata Fox. The following new synonymy is proposed: A. bimaculigera Strand (= opulenta Guérin-Méneville); A. lobicollis Cameron (= melanaria Dahlbom); Pelopoeus abbreviatus Fabricius, A. guiana Cameron, A. oxystoma Cameron (= binodis (Fabricius)); A. eugenia Smith, Sphex nigrocinctus Fernald, A. friedrichi Schrottky, A. trimaculigera Strand (= eximia Lepeletier); A. giacomellii Schrottky, (= auromaculata Perez); A. miliaris Cameron, A. iridipennis Cameron, A. velutina Schrottky (?= melanaria Dahlbom).

Descriptions are presented for 74 new Lonchaeidae as follows: Dasiops Rondani, 60 species: 37 from North America, 12 from South America, 8 from Africa, and 3 from Australia; Lamprolonchaea Bezzi, 14 species: 3 from Caroline Islds., 3 from Mariana Islds., 2 from New Hebrides Islds., 2 from Samoa, and one from each of the following: China, Fiji, India, Marshall Islds., and West Australia.

This exhibit represents part of the work of the Department of Zoology in the last 15 years, and others who have contributed to it in the past are L. Burgess, D. G. Peterson, R. P. Thompson, W. L. Sippell and M. R. Smart.

The laboratory experiments have been made with Aedes aegypti in a large cage, in which a choice is offered between a pair of objects differing in one factor, or a pair of emission ports for airborne vapours. Thus six factors have been evaluated and their order of importance has been found to be as follows:

Laboratory experiments at various constant temperatures indicate a theoretical threshold of about 40°F. for spinning of cocoons by eonymphal larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. As temperatures fall below 52.5°F. the increase in mortality and time required to spin is pronounced. The optimum temperature is estimated to be around 60°F. Field investigations for three consecutive years show a close correlation between rate of spinning and temperature. Temperature is considered as a prime factor influencing the spinning of cocoons and is possibly one of the more important factors governing the population dynamics of N. swainei in the Province of Quebec.

Carabid beetles found in agricultural lands in the Belleville district in 1959-62 are listed, together with notes on their habitats, relative abundance, and months of occurrence. Twelve of the 159 recorded species were sufficiently numerous to warrant investigations on their possible use as control agents for particular crop insect pests.

Variation between samples of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and between mortalities from some factors, on potato, were determined in long-term study plots at Merivale, Ontario. For each of six age intervals (spring adults; egg masses; larvae, Periods 1 and 2; pupal cells; and summer adults), inter-hill variance was the major source of sampling variance. Intra-hill and block differences were rarely significant. The most appropriate sample unit for the above-ground stages was the potato stalk and for pupal cells, the soil quadrant. Optimum allocation procedures indicated that not more than one sample unit per hill need be taken for the immature stages. For adults, the whole hill should be sampled. To estimate population means with acceptable limits of precision (10% standard error), it is recommended that 50 to 200 hills be sampled for the various age intervals.

The seasonal history of the grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch), infesting vine roots in commercial vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, was investigated from 1960 to 1963, mostly on the variety Delaware. Galls caused by the phylloxera feeding on actively-growing feeder rootlets first appeared about mid-June, and increased to a maximum in late August or early September. Numbers of phylloxerae on the infested roots increased during the season until hibernation. Nymphs of the winged form of phylloxera were first found on the roots on dates ranging from 16 July to 22 August, and continued to occur for 11/2 to 21/2 months. Hibernation usually began in the latter part of September, and reached 90% between 2 and 23 October. Usually fewer than 10% of the hibernants survived the winter.

There were more infested vines, more galled roots, and relatively more phylloxerae in vineyards on clay loam soil than in sandy loam.

Hibernants resumed activity in the laboratory in a few days at room temperatures, and became adults in as little as 10 days.

Two new species of scale insects are described. These are the only scale insects known to occur in the Canadian Arctic. One is a species of Pulvinaria Targ. and one a species of Pseudococcus Westw.; both genera are known to occur in Greenland.

Cottony spot of Anjou and Bartlett pear fruits in British Columbia is caused by the feeding injury of the spined stink bug, Euschistus variolarius (Beauv.). Symptoms are small white cottony-like pockets about ¼ inch in diameter and ⅛ inch deep in the flesh immediately beneath the skin. Anjous may show irregularly depressed areas where the bugs have been feeding, but no symptoms are apparent in Bartlett unless the fruit is peeled. Most of the injury appears to occur in August during the second peak of the stink bugs.