A broken obsidian projectile point embedded in a human second lumbar vertebra has been found near Yauli in the central highlands of Peru. The point resembles those used on the south coast of Peru during the later part of the Early Intermediate period and probably dates to this time. The victim indubitably died immediately from this wound as a result of hemorrhaging.

Aerial photographs have revealed a "moat-type" enclosure earthwork, probably pentagonal in shape, at the Hopwellian Ogden-Fettie site in the central Illinois River valley.

Iodine staining and ultraviolet photography are described as techniques for working out unclear and confused stratigraphic situations. They are viewed as complementary to existing techniques and of limited application.

During the excavation of Arikara burials which were 130 to 160 years old, the author discovered the chitinous exuvia of fly pupae with many of the burials. The pupae of these scavenger flies seasonally date the burials from late March to mid-October, corresponding to the year's arrival and disappearance of these flies in South Dakota.

This article calls attention to the lack of cooperation among osteologists in sharing with archaeologists their information concerning bone identification by way of field manuals.

Exploratory excavation has confirmed the presence of a fortification system, first detected on aerial photographs, not reported heretofore.

Setaria, foxtail millet, was eaten in quantity in Tamaulipas, Mexico, in 4000-3500 B.C., with selection for grain size during the following 1,500 years, before maize was introduced to the valley. Setaria was eaten in quantity in Tehuacan, southern Puebla, Mexico, in 5500 B.C., but maize was being cultivated there by 4500 B.C., and there is no increase in Setaria grain size. Grinding techniques with Setaria are shown to have changed between 5200 B.C. and 900 B.C.

An important distinction is here made between two types of Southwestern sites, each of which appears on the surface as a doughnut-shaped midden of burned rock with a depressed ashy center. "Midden circles" are debris thrown back from a central hearth lying on the ground surface. "Mescal pits" have central pits dug below the natural ground surface and are the remains of earth ovens.

The application of data processing techniques in the field of archaeology is relatively recent. Electronic computer research is rapidly developing equipment which has sufficient application for archaeology to render obsolete the currently employed manual systems. The prime advantage of computers is in the flexibility of data manipulation at both classificatory and analytical levels. It is the writer's opinion that such manual techniques as the Bordaz’ Inverted Data System are too limited in application for widespread utility in the field.

Since Alaska lacks stable political units equivalent to counties, it has become necessary to develop an alternative for a standardized system of site designation. This system utilizes the 1:250,000 USGS topographic quadrangle as an areal base equivalent to the county. Alaska is completely covered at this scale. The quadrangle names may be abbreviated and joined with the prefix "49" to form a trinomial paralleling the Smithsonian system. A list of these quadrangles and abbreviations is appended.

Evidence of tooth filing, north of Mexico, is found primarily in the Cahokia area in Illinois. The custom is associated with the acculturation process that took place between peoples having a Mississippian technology and those having a Late Woodland culture. An attempt will be made here to itemize all the discoveries in the Cahokia area in the order in which they occurred and also to add new information not available to earlier reporters.

The change from a boreal to a temperate mammal fauna in central Pennsylvania is believed bracketed by radiocarbon dates associated with two cave faunas at from ca. 9300 to 7290 B.C.

A feline sculpture in serpentinite from Dsibalchen on the Yucatan Peninsula (probably in the northeast part of the state of Campeche) was found by Teobert Maler in 1887. Its half-human face shares characteristics of the Olmec "were-jaguar" sculptures of Veracruz and Tabasco.

The writers recently examined the famous Cerro de las Navajas obsidian mines described by William H. Holmes. Evidence was found there of extensive Aztec period working. The high proportion of mines to workshops suggests that the obsidian was only roughly processed at the mines, most of it having been carried elsewhere to be worked into final form.

Owen’s (1964) brief comments on the Glen Annie Canyon site include some comments and criticisms that are in error, and the validity of his interpretation of the archaeology and archaeologists of the Southern California Coast may be challenged. Owen uses the term “Early horizon” where he should use “Milling Stone horizon”; his criticisms of Wallace’s 1955 paper are unjustified; what he claims to be the archaeologists’ description of the Oak Grove culture is inaccurate. His argument for a nomadic population during the Milling Stone horizon is based on a weak analogy, and his notion that the interpretation of a “more or less sedentary” settlement pattern for the Milling Stone horizon is a “convenient fiction agreed upon by some southern California archaeologists to facilitate the construction of artifact typologies” is in error. Data are presented to support the interpretation that the population of the Milling Stone horizon was a Central-Based Wandering people.

Seven tree-ring specimens from two Navajo archaeological sites in Arizona, reported by Gila Pueblo in 1941 to date from 1758 to 1770, have recently been reported by the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research to date from 1794 to 1864. These new dates are more compatible with the structural remains at one of the sites.

Since effigy vessel forms and anthropomorphic and/or realistic designs on pottery are rare in the prehistoric northern Anasazi area, the Gallup Black-on-white vessel herein reported is extraordinary in that it combines a large so-called bird-form pitcher with both modeled and painted characteristics of Kokopelli, the Humpbacked Flute Player. The vessel, dating ca. A.D. 1000-1150, came from an unnamed Pueblo III site, southwest of the Chaco Canyon, near the McKinley-Sandoval County line, northwestern New Mexico.

An Olmec figurine said to have been found at La Venta falls stylistically within the range of variation of other figurines known to be from that site. Four designs engraved on the upper parts of the limbs represent abstract were-jaguar heads identical with those of the serpentine mosaic pavements at La Venta. Thus, the pavements should be considered as examples of the Olmec style and not, as has been claimed, pre-Olmec.

C. N. Warren makes six criticisms of a paper by Owen (Owen 1964), each of which can easily be rejected. The six comments, accompanied briefly by the grounds for their rebuttal, are: 1) that “Early horizon” cannot be used to label the period, when in reality “Early horizon” is as appropriate as any other term, and more so than many that are in use; 2) that a negligent comment is directed at a paper by W. J. Wallace, which though unimportant, is temperate and accurate in the estimation of the author; 3) that a reference to a paper by Warren and True is groundless and misleading when it indeed is pertinent and direct; 4) that an analogy used is weak, although the argument does not proceed by analogy; 5) that suggestions regarding the utility of radiocarbon are optimistic when in fact insight in the use of radiocarbon dates can provide information on duration of habitation on any site; 6) that comparisons between the probable settlement pattern of Early horizon California coastal populations and some of the Fuegian Canoe Indians are inappropriate, an opinion which indicates that Warren’s knowledge of the basis of the comparison is faulty. It is suggested that despite Warren’s criticism, the Glen Annie Canyon site report and the associated paper may stand unamended and lead to a better understanding of the settlement patterns of early Southern California coastal populations during the so-called Milling Stone horizon.

A unique, miniature, anthropomorphic stone hacha from the Gulf Coast of Mexico is described and illustrated. The author also discusses other miniature stone objects from Mesoamerica, such as mushroom stones, yokes, “toad altars,” “doughnut-stones,” metates, spherical stone balls, and star-shaped maceheads, and suggests that some of these Mesoamerican miniature stone objects may have been used in connection with the various forms of the pre-Columbian ball game.