Bibliographic information on split-twig figurines is given to supplement that provided in Euler's (1984) site report on Stanton Cave, Arizona. In addition, previously unpublished figurines, from Arizona and Utah, are described.

This brief note points out two problems in the comment by Topic et al.: the assumption that alpaca were valued only for their wool, and the questionable application of ethnographic and Inkaic husbandry models in culturally and environmentally different settings. Important to resolving these and other problems is improvement of our ability to differentiate alpaca and llama from preserved and sampled osteological and fiber remains.

Existing evidence to support the interpretation that Oneota garden beds in southwestern Wisconsin functioned as wetland agricultural drainage systems is reviewed. In addition, previously unreported analyses of sediments from the Sand Lake Site (47 Lc44), La Crosse County, Wisconsin, are presented. Based on these data the interpretation that the Sand Lake Site garden beds represent wetlands drainage systems is rejected.

The recently published reconstruction of Hernando de Soto's route through the southeastern United States, and of the chiefdom of Coosa (Hudson et al. 1985), is critiqued. The researchers' estimates of time traveled by the expedition, their use of certain vague or unreliable sources, and their interpretation of archaeological data are questioned. These problems weaken their claims that their reconstruction is better than the Soto route originally proposed by Swanton. Of particular concern is their seeming naivete regarding the correlation of archaeological and ethnographic cultures.

C. Clifford Boyd, Jr. and Gerald F. Schroedl find fault with our use of both historical and archaeological evidence in our reconstruction of the paramount chiefdom of Coosa. Herein we answer their criticisms by discussing our overall research strategy and by clarifying our use of historical documents, the Spanish league, and archaeological information. We also point out some of the more obvious errors and misinterpretations in the work of the U.S. De Soto Expedition Commission.

Comments offered by Overstreet are based on a misunderstanding of the physiographic setting of the Sand Lake site and selective reading of the data. The Sand Lake ridged fields are situated in a floodplain in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin, a setting very different from that of upland ridged fields in glaciated eastern Wisconsin. Overstreet attempts to refute interpretations that we have already revised significantly. Current interpretations of the floodplain ridges suggest that, although surface drainage of the fields was probably not their primary function, periodic internal drainage of the soil would have been important.

Pedoturbation by moles at archaeological sites in the Upper Galilee of Israel is offered to supplement data published by Bocek (1986).