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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2023

Edited by
Ewa Atanassow ,
Thomas Bartscherer  and
David A. Bateman
Ewa Atanassow
Affiliation:
Bard College, Berlin
Thomas Bartscherer
Affiliation:
Bard College, New York
David A. Bateman
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Type
Chapter
Information
When the People Rule
Popular Sovereignty in Theory and Practice
 , pp. 373 - 392
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Introductory Note

References such as ‘178–79’ indicate (not necessarily continuous) discussion of a topic across a range of pages. Wherever possible in the case of topics with many references, these have either been divided into sub-topics or only the most significant discussions of the topic are listed. Because the entire work is about ‘popular sovereignty’, the use of this term (and certain others which occur constantly throughout the book) as an entry point has been restricted. Information will be found under the corresponding detailed topics.

ability, 53, 143, 147, 233, 269–270, 326–327, 331, 332
equality of, 78, 80
abolitionists, 128, 142, 152–157
political, 153
abortion rights, 299
absolute power, 43, 49, 94
abstract ideals, 41, 56
accountability, 94, 312, 328–330
activists
core, 206, 215
New Deal, 283
political, 137, 227
Tea Party, 226
actors
political, 52, 55, 121, 235–236, 278, 306
state, 266, 273
Adams, John Quincy, 129
Adeimantus, 29–30, 32, 38
administration, 103, 180, 193, 228, 231, 239, 246
adult franchise, 178, 182, 185
universal, 182
affirmative action, 266, 271–273, 282
African Americans, 205–216, 219, 221, 266, 268, 287
affluent, 211
Black consciousness, 213, 216
Black public opinion, 204–216
downtrodden, 206, 215
interests, 209
middle-class, 215
of color, 144, 153
agency, 4, 40, 61, 102, 190, 197, 322, 324–325
political, 98, 108
agents, 58, 59, 70, 94, 182, 198
of authorization, 176, 183, 188
of sovereignty, 185–187
Alabama, 2, 132, 241, 268
Alexander, Michelle, 206
All India States Peoples’ Conference (AISPC), 177
allegiance, 7, 72, 108, 150, 192, 225, 277, 278
broad-based, 95
political, 90, 135, 162
total, 282, 290
Allen, Danielle, 304, 318, 321, 324
allies, 155, 216, 251, 302
ambivalence, 10, 12, 46, 150, 172, 237, 253
amendments, 154, 219, 226, 258, 265, 267–269, 271–273
Civil War, 268, 288
Colorado, 271
constitutional, 265, 271, 273
First, 247
Fourteenth, 232
Johnson, 290
America, 1, 13, 58, 71, 94, 96–97, 105, 114–116, 118–119, 121, 123, 125, 128, 129, 136, 208, 216, 231, 245, 281, 283, 284, 287, 291, 305, 314, 325, 333, see also United States; individual states
political landscape, 237–238
southern States, 2, 154, 221
America at 1750, 119
“America First,” 231, 281–282, 287, 291
American citizenship, 128, 135, 150, 224, 282
American Creed, 57
American democracy, 92, 96–97, 137, 268, 285, 297–298, 302
American experience, 107, 115, 293
American identity, 124, 224, 227, 229, 284–285
American people, 113, 120, 123, 125, 133–134, 227–229, 231
American peoplehood, 16, 97, 151
competing stories, 281–291
American Philosophical Society, 113
American populism, 235–236, 240, 242, 245, 253
American Revolution, 116, 134
American self-governance, 257–274
American society, 17, 95, 106, 208, 291
American story, 57, 137, 285, 288
American workers, 227, 231, 281
Americans, white, 116, 121, 227, 266
anger, 165, 170, 241, 245
Anglicans, 119–120, 152
antagonism, 17, 99, 234, 243, 248, 251–252, 260
political, 105
populist, 249, 250–251
antagonistic rhetoric, 234–235, 240, 248
antebellum United States, 107–109, 138, 142, 152
anti-tyranny ideology, 44, 46, 48
anti-Washington rhetoric, 248, 250–251, 252
Appiah, Anthony, 58
apprenticeship to liberty, 144–149
Archilochus, 44
Arendt, Hannah, 200
aristocracy, 45, 93, 121–122
aristocrats, 73, 144
Aristotle, 80, 314
Arizona, 201, 246, 270, 272
Arneil, Barbara, 125
Arnold, Matthew, 146
artificial persons, 76, 78, 83
ascriptive characteristics, 6, 189, 231–232
aspirations, 7–8, 15, 33, 34, 40–41, 47, 153, 157
associational rights, 267, 270
associations, 99, 107, 174, 177, 277, 280, 307–309
assumptions, 45, 53, 57, 159, 161, 293, 295, 324–325
Athenians, 42, 44, 46, 48, 63
self-conception, 46
Athens, 32, 41–48, 55–56, 63, 71, 95
attainment, educational, 211–215
authorization, agents of, 176, 183, 188
authoritarian outcomes, 326, 329
authoritarian populisms, 16, 19, 108, 282, 291
authoritarianism, 4, 40, 164, 208, 273, 326, 330
authoritarians, right-wing, 275, 293
authority, 9–10, 13–14, 40–43, 56, 190–191, 196–198, 200–201
final, 40, 45, 52, 178
illegitimate, 14
legitimate, 30, 41, 47, 56, 186
political, 10, 19, 26, 27, 35–36, 40, 41, 139
sovereign, 7, 43, 143, 200
ultimate, 41, 43, 49, 51–52, 56
unaccountable, 16, 43, 47
authorization, 10, 40, 66, 122
political, 10, 164
popular, 74, 140, 152, 156
authorship, uniform see uniform authorship
Bancroft, George, 114–118, 121, 126, 136
barriers, 58, 79, 116, 272, 289, 316, 318
basic democracy, 27, 37
basic rights, 286–289
basileus, 44, 48, 49–50
beliefs, 24–25, 35–36, 53–58, 137, 146–147, 213–215, 315–316
dominant, 310
Bhopal, 178, 185
Bickel, Alexander, 263
Biden, Joe, 1–2, 252, 283, 285–287, 289
Bikaner, 178, 181
Black community, 17, 204, 211, 213, 216, 220
Black Lives Matter (BLM), 17, 204–217
BLM see Black Lives Matter
“Blood-Stained Banner,” 1–2
Blum, Leon, 168–169
Bodin, Jean, 42–43, 60, 121, 191
body politic, 59, 61, 63–66, 70–71, 82, 88, 99, 119
Bolshevism, 100, 165
bonds, 64, 69, 145, 215
social, 6, 116
border areas, 194–196
border communities, 190, 197–199
border control, 197, 226
Border Patrol, 194–199
border security, 194, 197, 203, 225, 226
borderlands, 131, 132, 189–203
citizens/dwellers, 189–190, 196, 202–203
boundaries, 7–9, 40–41, 52–53, 56, 150–151, 192–193, 322–325
conceptual, 49, 238
universal, 41, 56
boundary problem, 189, 218–219
bounds of power, 47–52
Boyd, Richard, 13–14, 16, 73, 235
Brennan, Jason, 36
Breyer, Stephen, 274
Bridging Oregon, 310, 312–314, 319
British India, 173–174, 176–177
brothers, 48, 62
Brubaker, Rogers, 8
Bryan, William Jennings, 241
Buchanan, James, 135
Buckley, 266
Bush, George W., 243, 248–251, 253, 262
Butler, Judith, 141
cahiers de doléance, 160–161
Calhoun, John C., 117, 128–129, 132–136, 138
California, 243, 249, 268, 324
campaigns, 193, 199, 227, 229, 246, 249, 250, 327–328
nomination, 242–246
rhetoric, 227, 247, 248
Campbell, Andrea, 326
Canada, 231, 258
candidates, 227, 233, 241–243, 252, 260, 268–270
presidential, 235, 238–240, 249, 253
selection processes, 283, 289
Canovan, Margaret, 35, 236
Capitol, 2, 4, 303
Catholics, 101, 119, 124, 144, 147
CBP (Customs and Border Protection), 195–197, 199, 202
Center for the Study of Diversity and Democracy (CSDD) see CSDD survey
challenges, 96, 279, 292, 297, 298, 302, 307–308, 322–323
Chamber of Princes, 174, 178
Charlottesville, 282
Chartists, 146–148
checkpoints, 195, 196
checks and balances, 18
Cherokee, 132
Chicago, 216, 243
Chickasaw, 132
children, 47–48, 50, 53, 55, 223–226, 228, 249–250
China, 4, 192, 230
Choctaw, 132
chorus, 50, 52, 53, 71
Christianity, 69, 81, 145
church, 63, 124, 307–308, 325
Churchill, Winston, 3
Cincinnati, 327–328
citizens, 4–5, 36–37, 62–63, 162, 189–190, 192–193, 201–203, 219–220
fellow, 47, 61–62, 94, 221, 293
hypothetical, 32, 34
local, 196, 201
peripheral, 16, 190–191, 199
citizenship, 15, 133, 151, 180–181, 219–220, 224–226, 233, 318–319
American, 128, 135, 150, 224, 282
democratic, 16, 200, 202, 295, 303, 319
new trust-generating, 304, 318
status, 220
city council, 324, 327–328
city-in-speech, 27, 36, 60–61
city-states, 70–71, 118
civic dignity, 37
civic education, 37, 56
civic engagement, 11, 316
civic feedbacks, 326–328
civic participation, 108, 330
civic status, 150, 222
civil religion, 67–69, 82, 90
civil rights, 67, 144, 155, 219, 286
civil society, 18, 75, 77–78, 81, 107, 109, 123, 137
thick, 326
civil war, 64, 107, 122, 132, 268, 288
Civil War Amendments, 268, 288
civilization, 81, 128, 136, 145, 148–149
homogeneity of, 107
claims
for inclusion, 219, 224, 233
knowledge, 30, 37
class conflict, 206, 208
classes, 140, 142, 152–155, 292–293, 295–297, 300–303
middle, 144, 146, 206, 241
working, 144, 147–149, 227, 230–231
Clay, Henry, 134
Clay, William, 139–140, 147
clergy, 161
Clinton, Hillary, 221, 245–248, 252
clubs, political, 160, 162–163, 172
coalitions, 129, 144, 148, 151, 229, 252, 263, 270
Cochin, 178, 181, 184–185
coercion, 35, 68, 147, 149, 153–155, 276
Cohen, Elizabeth, 219, 285
Cohen, Joshua, 192
Cold War, 4, 19–23, 285
collective action, 58, 159, 172, 326–327, 331
collective identity, 6, 85, 107, 186, 277
Colonus, 48
Colorado, 246, 271–272
Colston, Edward, 3
Columbus, Christopher, 3
comity clause, 125
commitments, 209, 211, 278, 298–301, 313–314, 322–323, 325
liberal, 20, 149, 299
shared, 208, 304
common people, 16, 121, 208, 275, 281
commonwealth, 63–66, 82, 85–86, 121–122
Communists, 167, see also Marx, Karl
communities, 73–74, 87–88, 198–199, 276–277, 304–305, 307–315, 325
black, 206
border, 190, 197–199
democratic, 157, 299, 305
diverse, 120, 281–282, 288
imagined, 88, 150
political, 81–82, 85–90, 99–100, 218–221, 223, 231–232, 235, 276–277
community engagement, 198–199
community organizations, 311, 317
comparative history, 19, 142
comparative politics, 236, 237, 251
complaints, 184, 218, 245–246, 248
complexity, 167, 235, 240, 293
compromise, 109, 129, 134
comradeship, 317–318, 319
conceptual boundaries, 49, 238
Confederacy, 1–2, 117see also civil war
conflicts, 17, 20, 42, 43, 150–151, 161, 163, 313–314
class, 206, 208
political, 244, 247, 260, 297
Congress, 133–134, 209, 243–244, 249–250, 259–261, 264, 266, 285–286
Congressional Black Caucus, 208, 209
congressional legislation, 134, 270
Connecticut, 120
Connolly, William, 189
conquest, 89, 128, 131, 189
consensus, 20, 101, 104, 208, 210, 237, 311, 313
consent, 13, 25, 34, 76, 80, 115, 123, 128
popular, 56, 94, 103, 191
principle of, 32, 35
tacit, 58
conservative populist rhetoric, 248–251
constituencies, 146–147, 244, 328, 329
Constituent Assembly, 174–175, 178–185, 187–188
Secretariat, 182–183
constitutional amendments see amendments
constitutional courts, 123, 257–274, see also Supreme Court
American support, 260–263
constitutional democracy, 15, 293
constitutional design, 264, 292, 296, 298, 301
constitutional orders, 20, 91, 107, 284
constitutionalism, 18, 115, 118, 265, 287
liberal, 4, 91, 103
constitutions, 179–182, 186–187, 257–259, 261–262, 266–270, 273–274, 286–288
kinds, 180, 186
new, 163, 176, 182, 185, 257, 292, 299
state, 122, 144, 150–151, 179, 186, 270, 296
constitutive themes, 277, 280, 281, 286
constraints, 35, 49, 123, 141, 191, 301
constructions, social, 222, 224
consumers and producers democracy, 283
contestation, democratic, 107–108, 298
Conti, Gregory, 142
continental expansion, 131, 138
contracts, 56, 60, 66, 67, 232
social, 15, 69, 76, 119, 191, 203, 232, 299
control, 40, 52, 71, 190, 192, 196, 199, 202
democratic, 191, 199, 298
local, 249–250, 253
convention, 44–45, 52, 55, 80, 176, 192, 241
Conversation Project, 310–312, 313
core activists, 206, 215
core-periphery rhetoric, 253
corporations, 242, 247–248, 265, 290
medieval, 73
corrupt elite, 208, 234, 238, 239
Corsica, 70
costs, 117, 171, 199, 266, 289, 326
courts, constitutional, 123, 257–260, 263, 265, 267, 273–274
covenants, 41, 60, 64–66, 77, 82, 90, 119
Crawford, William H., 131
Creek Indians, 132
Creon, 48, 50, 53
crimes, 55, 141, 227, 251, 264, 281
crises, 4, 92, 100, 104, 149, 167, 331, 333
of liberal democracy, 4, 331
Croix de Feu, 166
crowds, 1–2, 149, 238
CSDD survey, 211–212
cultural homogeneity, 75, 90
culture, 88, 101, 209, 227, 277, 297, 298
national, 160–161, 163
Customs and Border Protection see CBP
dangers, 38, 41, 52, 54, 66, 96–97, 124, 263
de Saint-Pierre, Abbé, 70
Dear Stranger, 310, 313
Declaration of Independence, 60, 124, 153, 283
story, 286–291
deference, 84, 261–262, 270
deliberative democracy, 192, 287
democracy, 18–25, 36–41, 92–94, 97–102, 139–143, 235–237, 297–299, 329–330
American, 92, 96–97, 137, 268, 285, 297–298, 302
and liberalism, 18–20, 100–102, 140, 142, 151, 157, 236, 320
and Schmitt, 98–102
and Tocqueville, 93–98
as moral ideal, 316, 317
basic, 27, 37
constitutional, 15, 293
consumers and producers, 283
deliberative, 192, 287
exclusions, 143–144
free, 95–96, 106
healthy, 301, 309, 316
illiberal, 18, 96, 139
liberal see liberal democracy
mass, 104–106, 154
modern, 36, 67, 70–71, 93, 102–103, 105, 108
parliamentary, 87, 104, 165
plural, 34, 35
representative, 115, 267
Democracy in America, 13, 58, 93, 96, 97, 105, 114
democratic citizenship, 16, 200, 202, 295, 303, 319
democratic communities, 157, 299, 305
democratic contestation, 107–108, 298
democratic control, 191, 199, 298
democratic equality, 16, 46, 91, 98–99, 104, 259
democratic freedom, 18, 46, 94, 97, 108–109
democratic government, 2, 23, 26, 28, 95, 97
democratic institutions, 10, 18, 25, 95, 152, 248, 289
democratic knowledge, 27, 51
as boundary, 52–54
democratic legitimacy, 26
democratic norms, 46, 56
democratic order, 17, 19, 137, 187
Democratic Party, 154, 206, 208–209, 241, 243, 247, 252
democratic peoplehood, 103, 105, 108
democratic politics, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, 295, 296, 298
democratic principles, 4, 141, 143, 180, 301
democratic process, 84, 194, 200–201, 219, 220, 270, 273–275, 330–331
democratic regimes, 17, 35, 38, 91, 96
democratic rule, 5, 17, 24, 170, 221
democratic self-governance, 270
democratic societies, 72, 268, 318
democratic sovereignty, 105, 107
democratic stability, 107, 109
democratic states, 26, 39, 220, 307
liberal, 139–157
democratic stories of peoplehood, 109, 283–285
democratic theory, 15, 123, 186–190, 218, 236, 292, 295
democratization, 4, 93, 139, 142, 146–147, 149, 155, 260
Democrats, 129, 134, 241, 243–245, 249, 262
demographic diversity, 276, 278
demonstrations, 168, 196
demos, 37, 41–43, 45, 47, 49, 52, 55–56
Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 196, 197, 199
dependent nations, domestic, 132
deservingness, 222–225
Dewey, John, 26, 283, 284, 307–310, 316–319
DHS (Department of Homeland Security), 196, 197, 199
dialogue, 13, 24, 28–30, 32–34, 37–39, 142, 316–317
dictatorships, 92, 102, 103, 106, 108, 141
dignity, 17, 81, 109, 230, 276, 279, 325
civic, 37
direct elections, 267, 283
disciplinary education, 153, 155
discretion, police, 200–201
discrimination, 6, 184, 189, 266
racial, 269, 272, 282
sexual orientation, 272
unconstitutional, 269
discussion leaders, 305, 311, 313
disparity, 16, 118, 181
dispersion, geographical, 189, 192
distinctions, odious, 149–154
distinctive peoples, 73–74, 86, 90
distinctiveness, 14, 88, 90, 225, 238
districts, electoral, 268–269
distrust, 80, 253, 266, 310, 313, 318–319
diversity, 34–35, 38, 103, 272, 283, 285, 291–292, 322–323
demographic, 276, 278
institutional, 97
racial, 96, 266
divine right, 60
dogma, 33, 69, 136, 156
domestic dependent nations, 132
Douglass, Frederick, 135, 286–287
DREAM Act, 223–224, 226
DREAMers, 219, 223–228
duties, 64, 69, 72, 94, 137, 169, 181, 257
early America, 14, 19, 113–138, 188
economic elites, 234, 246, 252
economic equality, 6–7
economic globalization, 6, 108, 289
economic inequality, 6, 71, 207, 276, 283
economic policies, 278, 286, 298
economic populism, 241, 243, 245–248
rhetoric, 245, 247
economics, liberal, 145–147, 149, 155–156
Edling, Max, 133
education, 25, 26, 30–31, 38–39, 61–62, 149, 292, 294
civic, 37, 56
disciplinary, 153, 155
political, 101, 193
educational attainment, 211–215
effectiveness, 212–215, 266
elected leaders, 49, 208, 270
elected representatives, 179, 191, 259, 265, 283
election cycles, 172, 221, 245
elections, 2, 169–170, 182, 184–185, 188, 237–238, 253, 267–268
direct, 267, 283
electoral chances, 246, 270
Electoral College, 2, 123, 125, 179, 253, 267
electoral districts, 268–269
electoral maps, 241, 249, 252
electoral processes, 273, 317
electoral rolls, 176, 182
preparation, 182–185, 187
electoral systems, 144, 188, 265–266, 269
electorates, 129, 139, 145–146, 251, 267
electors, 178, 267–268
elites, 8–9, 17, 18, 20, 242, 244, 251–253, 260
conspiring, 16, 276, 281
corrupt, 208, 234, 238, 239
economic, 234, 246, 252
liberal, 142, 151, 155, 294
political, 151, 206, 229–231, 246, 260
Ely, John Hart, 266
emancipation, 117, 153–154
political, 70
employment, 240, 271–272, 278, 289, 299
engagement, 95, 245, 269
civic, 11, 316
community, 198–199
epistocracy, 27–29, 31–33, 36–37
equal concern, fiction, 191, 199, 202–203
equal individuals, 176, 186, 187
equal protection, 267, 269–272, 273
equal representation, 268, 292, 299
equal rights, 93, 145, 153
equal value, 79, 83, 85
equality, 34–35, 78–79, 81–83, 92–94, 98–99, 189–190, 191–192
as uniformity, 78–82
democratic, 16, 46, 91, 98–99, 104, 259
economic, 6–7
formal, 90, 288
general human, 99
Hobbes’s definition, 79, 83
human, 78, 81, 83, 100, 115, 287
moral, 78, 81, 93–94
natural, 80
of ability, 78, 80
political, 35, 37, 97–98, 299
racial, 17, 152, 272
social, 93, 157, 191
equality-as-similitude, 81, 82
establishment, political, 18, 246, 248, 250, 253
Estates General, 160–161
ethnicity, 86, 189, 232, 277
European Union, 5, 59, 158, 170
excesses, 51, 83, 126, 141, 227, 237, 258
exclusions, 98–99, 143–146, 151, 152, 190, 231–232
exemptions, 280, 290
expansion, 61, 131, 145, 149, 164, 210, 283
continental, 131, 138
westward, 126, 129, 135
expertise, 25, 27, 274, 294
experts, 14, 27, 37, 242, 246, 253
Ezrahi, Yaron, 176
Fair Housing Act, 282
faith, 51–53, 56, 60, 116–117, 266, 270, 325
families, 2, 9, 58, 86, 145, 149, 329, 333
political, 115
fascists, 162, 165–169
fathers, 50, 53, 55, 64, 114, 286
federal government, 130, 197, 199, 239, 263–266, 268–269
powers, 133
Federalist, 71, 119, 124, 257, 297
feedback, 222, 328
civic, 326–328
effects, 222, 326–327, 328
positive, 327
fellow citizens, 47, 61–62, 94, 221, 293
fictions, 11, 12, 15–16, 41–42, 56–57, 73–76, 332–333
acceptance, 1, 57, 332
fact of, 57–72
of equal concern, 191, 199, 202–203
of popular sovereignty, 189–203
of self-governance, 332
of uniform authorship, 191, 200–201
Filmer, Sir Robert, 60, 67
final authority, 40, 45, 52, 178
First Amendment, 124, 247
first responders, 197, 199
Florida, 246, 249, 252
Floyd, George, 216
formal equality, 90, 288
founding myths, 63, 70
fractals, 321–322, 331, 333–334
France, 55, 92, 114, 124, 127, 136, 148, 188
Estates General, 160–161
French Revolution see French Revolution
gilets jaunes, 158, 170–171, 172
history, 158–172
interwar years, 165–169
National Front, 158, 170
Revolution to Third Republic, 164–165
revolutionary, 14
sovereignty, 159, 162
Third Republic, 159, 164, 165–167
franchise, 143, 146, 180, 184, 267, 268, 283, 287
adult, 178, 182, 185
universal, 70, 175–177, 180, 182, 186, 188
Franklin, Benjamin, 120
Frede, Michael, 29
free democracy, 95–96, 97, 106
free societies, 96, 281
freedom, 34–35, 38–39, 42, 44–47, 52–53, 55–56, 92–94
democratic, 18, 46, 94, 97, 108–109
political, 37, 40
temporal, 52, 55
French Revolution, 70, 96, 158–159, 164, 172, 188
symbol, deed and legacy, 159–164
friendship, 128, 318, 319
political, 318–319
fugitive slaves, 125, 130
fundamental principles, 2, 11, 117, 186
gays, 271–272
gender, 81, 188, 189, 205, 210, 213, 216, 232
identity, 212
Geneva, 71, 87
geographical dispersion, 189, 192
geography, 123, 199, 252, 306
political, 240, 249, 251, 252
Germany, 92, 165
Weimar, 104, 109
gerrymandering, partisan, 267–270, 272
Gettysburg, 117–118
Address, 306
Geuss, Raymond, 51
gilets jaunes, 158, 170–171, 172
Gladstone, William, 146
Glaucon, 29, 31–32, 34, 38, 61, 62
globalization, 5–10, 72, 170, 230, 276, 308
economic, 6, 108, 289
neoliberal, 6, 10
globalized neoliberalism, 7, 10
God, 60, 62, 66–68, 81–82, 97, 122, 325
voice of, 1, 115, 307
Gomillion, 268
good faith, 27, 128
good life, 38–39, 232
governance, 27, 43, 55, 86, 191, 292, 295, 296
government, 71, 121–122, 160–161, 163–166, 177–178, 186–187, 191, 316–317
democratic, 2, 23, 26, 28, 95, 97
national, 5, 133, 147, 240, 253
popular, 174–175, 178, 186, 307
representative, 163, 169, 174
responsible, 173, 177, 179
governmental institutions, 71, 274
Gramsci, Antonio, 276
grassroots organizations, 204, 240, 320, 328
Greene, Jack, 121
Greenstone, J. David, 115
grievances, 211, 238–239, 278
notebooks of, 160–161
Grotius, 42, 121
Grzymala-Busse, Anna, 236
Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty, 134
Guinn, 268
Gujarat, 3
guns, 304–305, 314, 319
Gwalior, 177
habits, 11, 95, 305, 315, 318–319
Hamilton, Alexander, 123–124, 257, 307
Han, Hahrie, 12, 320–334
happiness, 69, 98, 287, 289–290, 291
pursuit of, 289, 291
Harris, Frederick C., 205–208, 210
Harrisburg, 251
Hatch, Orrin, 224–225
health, 64, 137, 228, 265, 270, 273–274, 293, 302
Herodotus, 44, 51
Hesiod, 60
heterogeneity, 36, 82, 87, 105, 151, 190, 195–198
international, 75
hierarchies, 62, 86, 93, 115, 155
High Desert Partnership, 316
Hill, Christopher, 141
Hispanic heritage, 213
history, 3, 52, 53, 56, 153, 156, 238–239, 283–284
comparative, 19, 142
shared, 108, 315
History of the United States, 115
Hobbes, Thomas, 14, 15, 41, 60–61, 64–67, 70, 119, 121–125, 191
and making of popular sovereignty, 73–90
Leviathan, 14, 63–64, 75, 76, 78, 81–83, 87, 90, 191
state of nature, 75, 77, 85, 89, 123
Hofstadter, Richard, 119
Homer, 54, 60, 113
homogeneity, 75, 79, 82, 86–90, 100, 105–106, 107
cultural, 75, 90
national, 75, 86
of civilization, 107
House of Commons, 145, 147
House of Representatives, 125, 209–210, 226, 258
House of the People, 182, 184–185
housing, 222, 227, 271, 282
hubris, 49, 51–54
human beings, 30–32, 60, 69, 74, 78–79, 81–82, 232–233
human equality, 78, 81, 83, 100, 115, 287
human nature, 56, 71, 232
human rights, 277–279, 279, 283, 286
humanities, 11, 316
Hume, David, 57, 66, 71
Hungary, 3, 236
Huntington, Samuel, 129
hypothesized state of nature, 75, 78
ideals, 27, 159–160, 163, 169, 232, 235, 295, 318
abstract, 41, 56
of popular sovereignty, 164, 170, 295
political, 102, 120
identities, 2, 3, 74–76, 98–99, 104–105, 224–225, 278–279
American, 124, 224, 227, 229, 284–285
collective, 6, 85, 107, 186, 277
gender, 212
Latino, 212, 217
national, 106, 202, 275, 278
political, 98, 100, 102, 223, 232
popular, 15, 17, 108, 109
public, 220, 221–222
shared, 104, 120, 278
identity politics, 9
ideologies, 167, 169, 205, 208, 236, 237, 277, 281
anti-tyranny, 44, 46, 48
thin-centered, 16, 208, 237, 275
ignorance, individual, 26, 39, 306
illegal immigration, 197, 199
illegitimacy, 25, 32, 41, 45, 47, 49, 330
illegitimate authority, 14
illiberal democracy, 18, 96, 139
illiberal populisms, 7, 10, 17, 19, 109, 141
illiberal regimes, 6, 137
illiberalism, 6, 8, 37, 98, 152
Illinois, 134–135, 243
imaginary, political, 176, 186
imagined communities, 88, 150
immigrants, 225–226, 228–229, 233, 282, 289, 297, 311
groups, 228, 233, 291
model, 224–225
undocumented, 223, 228
immigration, 108, 197, 219, 225–229, 251, 281, 289
debate, 223, 227, 228
illegal, 197, 199
inclusion, 98–99, 127, 143, 146, 223, 225, 231–232, 333
claims for, 219, 224, 233
incomes, 213–215, 216, 226
lower, 211, 215
incorporations, 142, 198, 205, 208, 210
independence, 117, 120, 124, 127–128, 150, 173–175, 286–288
India, 15
Bhopal, 178, 185
Bikaner, 178, 181
British, 173–174, 176–177
Chamber of Princes, 174, 178
Cochin, 178, 181, 184–185
Constituent Assembly, 174–175, 178–185, 187–188
Secretariat, 182–183
Constitution, 173, 179–181, 183–186
contested sovereignties, 177–182
founding, 173–188
Gujarat, 3
Gwalior, 177
House of the People, 182, 184–185
Indian Union, 176–179, 181, 183
Kolhapur, 178, 183
Manipur, 178, 181, 185
Mysore, 178–181, 185, 187
Patna, 173, 178
Princely States, 173–174, 177–179, 181–182, 186
Travancore, 178, 181, 182, 184–185
will of the people, 182–186, 208
Indian lands, 128, 129, 132
Indian removal, 129–132
Indian Territory, 131, 135
Indians, native see Native Americans
individualism, 92, 94, 106, 285
liberal, 101–102
individuality, 74, 84, 180
individuals, 61, 62, 64–66, 71–72, 219–222, 232, 290
equal, 176, 186, 187
inequality, 6–10, 80–81, 98–99, 170, 189, 289, 290, 330
economic, 6, 71, 207, 276, 283
natural, 79–80, 191
information, 53, 197–199, 225, 294, 296, 315
injustice, 31, 61, 78, 135, 224, 289
insecurity, 124, 126, 131, 198
physical, 119
instability, 10, 46, 59, 113, 165, 167
institutions, 17–18, 107, 236–237, 241–243, 250–252, 280–281, 293–295, 301–302
critiques of, 234, 245
democratic, 10, 18, 25, 95, 152, 248, 289
governmental, 71, 274
liberal, 7, 41, 43, 101, 103, 140, 259, 318
parliamentary, 100, 104
political, 94, 153, 234, 257, 285
representative, 174, 177, 235
instructors, 293–295, 299, 302
insular minorities, 266–267
integration, 96, 176, 182, 183, 187, 196–197, 208, 241
economic, 5
international relations, 87, 99, 128
Iowa, 243, 246, 249, 252
irregularity, 75, 82, 88, 113
Jackson, Andrew, 128–134, 136, 138, 251
James VI and I, King, 60, 63
Jay, John, 119
Jefferson, Thomas, 3, 55, 124, 258
Jeunesses Patriotes, 165–166
Jews, 119, 124, 145, 167
jobs, 31, 62, 63, 227, 230–231, 251, 281, 289
journalists, 247, 279, 296, 301
judgments, 37, 43, 68, 76, 126, 129, 301
moral, 43, 138
judicial review, 19, 258, 260–262, 266
judiciary, 237, 258–260, 266, 270, 292
justice, 41, 47, 61, 101, 137, 266, 271, 333
racial, 204, 325, 328
justification, 24, 33, 56, 78, 116, 142–143
philosophic, 23, 26, 28, 37, 143
King, Martin Luther, 41, 220
kings, 28–29, 44, 45, 47–50, 59, 73, 121–122
knowledge, 24–28, 30–39, 49, 51, 53–55, 137
claims, 30, 37
democratic, 27, 51–52
requisite, 33, 37
status of, 26, 32
Kolhapur, 178, 183
Korematsu, 267
Kramer, Larry, 115
La Rocque, François, 166
labels, 207, 221, 239, 242, 251
labourers, Tamilian, 184–185
Laius, 50, 54–55
Landauer, Matt, 42
language, 119, 121, 159, 224–225, 240, 242–243, 245, 253
of popular sovereignty, 159, 176
Laski, Harold, 23–28, 33, 37
Latino identity, 212, 217
law enforcement, 190, 197–198, 201, 206
local, 196, 202
lawgivers, 68
lawmakers, 140, 290, 298, 300, 303
laws of nature, 55, 78, 80–81, 85
Le Faisceau, 165–166
Le Francisme, 166
Le Pen, Marine, 170
leaders, 16, 18, 137, 148, 172, 208, 210, 301
discussion, 305, 311, 313
elected, 49, 208, 270
political, 117, 121, 221–222, 276
leadership, 48, 109, 137, 166, 208
leagues, 165–169, 172
populist, 165, 168
rightist, 165, 167, 169
Leahy, Patrick, 224
left populism, 240–241, 284
legacies, 3, 152, 159–160, 163–164, 268
legal status, 223, 224–225
legislation, 68, 71, 219, 223, 225, 249–250, 258, 262
congressional, 134, 270
legislators, 151, 273, 290, 296
legislatures, 179, 183, 258–260, 262, 270, 272, 280
state, 184, 185
legitimacy, 13–14, 25–26, 32–33, 37, 40–41, 51–52, 160, 330
democratic, 26
of popular sovereignty, 25, 26, 54
political, 25, 73, 158
legitimate authority, 30, 41, 47, 56, 186
legitimating myths, 36, 96
legitimating principles, 14, 93, 103, 140, 150, 267
Leninism, 165
Leopold II, King, 3
Lepore, Jill, 109
Levee, 130
Levellers, 118
Leviathan, 14, 63–64, 75, 76, 78, 81–83, 191, see also Hobbes, Thomas
Levitsky, Steven, 18, 293
Levy, Jacob, 87
LGBTQ, 205, 271–272, 286, 290
liberal arts colleges, 294, 296
liberal commitments, 20, 149, 299
liberal constitutionalism, 4, 91, 103
liberal democracy, 4, 6–7, 11–12, 19, 24, 91, 234–236, 293–294
crises, 4, 331
healthy, 12, 237
Western-style, 4, 24
liberal democratic state, 139–157
liberal economics, 145, 146–147, 149, 155–156
liberal elites, 142, 151, 155, 294
liberal individualism, 101–102
liberal institutions, 7, 41, 43, 101, 103, 140, 259, 318
liberal norms, 91, 94, 101, 103, 105–106
liberal policies, 142, 147, 209
liberal principles, 115, 145, 146–149, 152, 153, 223, 231
and popular principles, 139–142
liberal recovery, 18, 109
liberal rights, 100–101, 154, 299, 303
liberal state, 87, 100, 232
liberal values, 156, 301
liberalism, 37, 91–93, 98–102, 139–143, 146–147, 149, 155–156, 231–232
and democracy, 18–20, 100–102, 140, 142, 151, 157, 236, 320
synthesis, 154, 156–157
and Schmitt, 98–102
and Tocqueville, 93–98
English/Anglo-American, 102, 144, 153, 156
exclusions, 143–144
racial, 152, 153
liberals, 140, 142–143, 145–149, 154–156, 217, 271
British, 142, 153, 155
liberty, 136, 154–155, 162, 286–287
apprenticeship to, 144–149
religious, 124, 147
white, 128
Limbaugh, Rush, 226
Lincoln, Abraham, 96–97, 117, 126, 133, 134–135, 283, 286–287, 294, 308, 317
linked fate, 213, 217
Lippmann, Walter, 26, 306–307, 309–310, 317
listening, 229, 246, 310–312, 314, 316, 318
lists of voters, 183, 185, 187
literature, 8, 190, 207–210, 222, 236, 240
local communities, 7, 198–199
local control, 249–250, 253
Locke, John, 15, 67, 85, 89, 119, 121–125, 191, 200
Louis XVI, 160, 162
Louisiana Purchase, 127, 134
Louis-Napoleon, 141, 148
Lowe, Robert, 148–149
loyalty, 148, 181, 190, 194, 202, 276, 282
Machiavelli, 68
Macron, Emmanuel, 158, 161, 170
Madison, James, 71, 116, 123–126, 258, 283–284
Maharajas, 173, 177–180
mainstream politics, 240, 245, 246, 253
majoritarianism, popular sovereignty as, 82–86
majorities, 83–86, 105–107, 177, 257–259, 264, 266, 303
national, 107, 265, 266, 271, 273
popular, 152, 258, 263–265, 271, 320
majority rule, 67, 75, 83, 90, 108
majority tyranny, 43, 97
Manipur, 178, 181, 185
Martin, Trayvon, 204
Martin-Quinn scores, 262
Marx, Karl, 101, 105, 334
Marxism, 167
Mason, Lilliana, 239
Mason–Dixon line, 134
mass democracy, 104–106, 154
Massachusetts, 114, 118, 249, 286
masses, 26, 59, 101, 137, 160, 161, 169, 172
disempowered, 152
undifferentiated, 221
Mayflower Compact, 118–119
McGirt, 264
McGlew, James, 46, 47
McKenna, Elizabeth, 326
media, 204, 205, 238, 242, 244–248, 251–252, 293
news, 237, 239, 244, 248–249, 253
outlets, 313
social, 172, 213, 296
membership, 59, 118, 167, 218–220, 232, 277
political, 90, 107, 219, 221, 232
men, vs. persons, 74, 75–78
Mexico, 131, 134, 227, 230–231
miasma, 47, 53, 55
Michigan, 230, 246, 249, 266, 271, 272
voters, 271–273
middle classes, 144, 146, 206, 241
middle-class African Americans, 215
Midwest, 249, 251, 252, 291
military power, 193, 281
minorities, 58, 63, 106, 109, 270–271, 273–274, 284, 289–290
conservative, 270
insular, 266–267
protection, 295, 300
racial, 242, 272, 290
rights, 270–273
Missouri Compromise, 134–135
model immigrants, 224–225
modern democracy, 36, 67, 70–71, 93, 102–103, 105, 108
modern politics, 23, 25–26, 92, 129
Modi, Narendra, 3
monarchs, 43–44, 59, 103
monarchy, 44, 58, 66, 70, 103, 114, 121–122, 159–160
absolute, 74
Montana, 131, 249, 251
moral equality, 78, 81, 93–94
moral ideal, democracy as, 316, 317
moral judgments, 43, 138
Moravians, 120
mores, 87, 94, 96–97, 115, 121
Morgan, Edmund, 1, 11, 15, 57, 71, 73, 90, 113–114, 136–138, 332
mothers, 51, 53, 58, 62, 222
Mouffe, Chantal, 284
movements, 151–152, 172, 205–206, 321–323, 325, 328–329, 332–333
political, 91, 320
popular, 109, 160, 216, 235, 237, 278
populist, 17, 172, 208, 236, 240, 252, 276, 278
social, 12, 205–206, 208, 215, 333
Müller, Jan-Werner, 236, 293
Murray, Patty, 244
Mysore, 178–181, 185, 187
Constituent Assembly, 179, 181, 187
myths, 15, 25, 36, 46, 54, 57, 307–308
founding, 63, 70
legitimating, 36, 96
Napoleonic rule, 164
national culture, 160–161, 163
National Front, 158, 170
national government, 5, 133, 147, 240, 253
national homogeneity, 75
and popular sovereignty, 86–88
national identities, 106, 202, 275, 278
national majorities, 107, 265, 266, 271, 273
national particularity, 100, 108
national stories, 109, 275, 284
nationalism, 8, 57, 70, 90, 164, 169, 277, 293
nationality, 133, 180, 185, 278, 288
nation-states, 5–7, 87–88, 105, 170, 189–190, 194, 203, 331
native Americans/peoples/tribes, 119, 124, 126–128, 130–132, 263–264, 272
natural equality, 80
natural inequalities, 79–80, 191
natural law, 42, 51, 56, 122
natural persons, 76, 77
natural rights, 74
nature
laws of, 55, 78, 80–81, 85
state of see state of nature
Nebraska, 131, 135, 249
negotiations, 127, 134, 174, 181, 186, 300, 323–325
neighbors, 69, 70, 202, 310, 317, 324
neoliberal policies, 6, 284
neoliberalism, 6–8, 327
globalized, 7, 10
Nevada, 246
New Deal, 241, 283, 284–285
activists, 283
New Jim Crow, 206
New York, 119–120, 129, 166, 216, 246, 249
news media, 237, 239, 244, 248–249, 253
newspapers, 152, 160, 163, 178, 183, 247
Nixon, Richard, 229
nobility, 56, 115, 161
noble lie, 15, 41, 61–63
nomination campaign (2015–2016), 242–246
non-slave states, 125
norms, 2, 17, 56, 103, 107, 108, 272, 278
democratic, 46, 56
legal, 104
political, 44
social, 123
North Carolina, 246–247, 249, 252
North Dakota, 131, 249–251
Northampton, 114–115, 118
Northwest Ordinance, 127
Northwest Territory, 128
Obama, Barack, 206, 220, 222, 223, 225–227, 243–248, 250, 262, 282–283, 285–287
Ober, Josiah, 27, 37
Obergefell, 266, 271–272
obligations, 31, 55, 69, 135
moral, 285
political, 90
Occupy Movement, 205, 206–207
odious distinctions, 149–154
Odyssey, 113
Oedipus, 14, 40–56
and bounds of power, 47–52
officeholders, 37, 140, 315, 317
Ohio, 246, 252, 325
oligarchies, 48, 236
oligarchs, 45–46, 293
Olson, Joel, 242
openness, 125, 136, 280
oppression, 35, 40, 116, 220, 283
Orban, Victor, 3, 102, 260
Oregon, 3, 304–305, 309, 311–312, 314, 316
Oregon Humanities, 310, 314, 316, 320
organizations, 17, 125, 163, 165, 305, 310–313, 316
community, 311, 317
grassroots, 204, 240, 320, 328
political, 32, 36
social, 96, 120
outsider status, 9, 240
Palin, Sarah, 249
paradoxes, 14, 35, 77, 122, 218
parents, 53–54, 223–224, 226
Paris, 162, 168, 171
Parish Constables Act, 147
Parliament, 3, 73, 121, 139, 144, 147, 165, 167
parliamentary democracy, 87, 104, 165
parliamentary institutions, 100, 104
parliamentary politics, 104–105, 166
parliamentary sovereignty, 114, 121–122
participation, 11, 106–107, 266, 273, 326–330, 333
civic, 108, 330
popular, 95–97, 136
particularity, national, 100, 108
parties, 64–66, 129, 165, 169–170, 207–208, 239, 266–267, 269–270, see also individual parties
far-right, 207, 236
populist, 236, 241, 293
partisan gerrymandering, 267–270, 272
party politics, 165, 169, 237, 247
passions, 76, 82, 93, 94, 96, 108, 302
Passmore, Kevin, 167
Patel, Sardar, 3, 180, 187
Patna, 173, 178
peace, 63–64, 67, 86, 136, 145
pedagogy, 292, 294, 296–302
Peisistratos, 44, 45, 49
Pelops, King, 54
Pence, Mike, 2
Pennsylvania, 2, 117, 119–120, 127, 229, 246
people
American, 113, 120, 123, 125, 133–134, 227–229, 231
and the state, 113–138
distinctive, 73–74, 86, 90
sovereign, 19, 129, 139–157, 219
peoplehood, 6–7, 14–15, 85–86, 89–90, 275–283, 291, 324
American, 16, 97, 151, 281, 283, 285, 287
democratic, 103, 105, 108
stories of, 16, 36, 221, 275–291
Pericles, 63
peripheral citizens/subjects, 16, 190–191, 199, 202–203
periphery, 8, 16, 189–190, 192–193, 202–203, 234–253
politics of, 243, 249, 251, 252–253
personal experiences, 195, 315
Personal Responsibility Agreement, 223
personation, 76–77, 83
persons
vs. men, 74, 75–78
persuasion, 25, 34, 153, 300, 309
Phantom Public, 306–307
Philadelphia, 2, 124, 126, 253, 257
philosophers, 25, 28–32, 39, 80, 99, 160, 334
true, 30, 31, 34
philosophic justification, 23, 26, 28, 37, 143
philosophy, 29–31, 80, 114
political, 27, 28, 38, 75
public, 140, 142, 145, 148, 150, 153, 154
Plato, 23–39, 44, 51, 61, 63
Republic, 14, 24, 27, 32–39, 45, 61, 63
pluralism, 12, 15, 19, 41, 86, 100, 103, 236
plurality, 14, 35, 38, 99, 107–109, 175–177, 188, 284
Poincaré, Raymond, 166
Polanyi, Karl, 6
polarization, 107, 168, 237, 244–245, 261, 270, 326, 331
Poles, 86–87
police, 197, 199
discretion, 200–201
reform, 204, 216
policies, 131–132, 219, 222–223, 231, 280, 287–291, 303
design, 222, 224, 326
economic, 278, 286, 298
liberal, 142, 147, 209
neoliberal, 6, 284
preferences, 298–299, 302–303
public, 9, 209, 222, 259, 290
redistributive, 15, 219
reticulated, 289–290
security, 199, 202–203
social, 278
substantive, 286, 298
policymaking, 4, 138, 210, 221–223, 229
polis, 43, 45–47, 314
political activists, 137, 227
political actors, 52, 55, 121, 235–236, 278, 306
political agency, 98, 108
political allegiance, 90, 135, 162
political authority, 10, 19, 26, 27, 35–36, 40, 41, 139
political authorization, 10, 164
political clubs, 160, 162–163, 172
political communities, 81–82, 85–90, 99–100, 218–221, 223, 231–232, 235, 276–277
political conflicts, 244, 247, 260, 297
political context, 44, 47, 137, 223, 305
political economy, 87, 147, 155–156
political education, 101, 193
political elites, 151, 206, 229–231, 246, 260
political emancipation, 70
political equality, 35, 37, 97–98, 299
political establishment, 18, 246, 248, 250, 253
political freedom, 37, 40
political friendship, 318–319
political geography, 240, 249, 251, 252
political good, 38
political identities, 98, 100, 102, 223, 232
political ideologies, 167, 212
political imaginary, 176, 186
political institutions, 94, 153, 234, 257, 285
political landscape, 237–238
political leaders, 117, 121, 221–222, 276
political legitimacy, 25, 73, 158
political life, 12, 13, 18, 43–44, 106, 108, 114, 220–221
political membership, 90, 107, 219, 221, 232
political movements, 91, 320
political order, 99, 113, 136, 161
political parties see parties
political philosophy, 27, 28, 38, 75
political power, 28–30, 56, 277, 281, 283, 286, 287
political process, 107, 266–267, 269–270, 272
political representation, 85, 101, 123
political rhetoric, 15, 219, 221, 223, 231, 246, 253
political rights, 47, 104, 145, 155, 219, 221, 268
political scientists, 115, 129, 137, 237
political sovereignty, 41, 103
political spectrum, 108, 159, 160, 164–165, 167, 169
political status, 80, 219
political systems, 107, 109, 234, 245–248, 250, 252, 333
political theory, 26, 52, 74–75, 90, 189, 192, 193, 200
political unity, 75, 77, 97, 104
“political, the,” 102–108
politicians, 71, 221, 227, 242–244, 247–248, 250, 252
professional, 129, 239
politics, 9, 17–18, 36–37, 106–107, 162–163, 167–168, 208, 239–240
comparative, 236, 237, 251
democratic, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, 295, 296, 298
identity, 9
mainstream, 240, 245, 246, 253
modern, 23, 25–26, 92, 129
of periphery, 243, 249, 251–253
parliamentary, 104–105, 166
party, 165, 169, 237, 247
populist, 4, 17, 215, 252, 293
problems, 23–39
respectability, 205, 208
polities, 16, 42, 107, 109, 189–190, 298–301
democratic, 219, 296
modern, 14, 102, 106
polls, 171, 244, 282, 286, 310
Pope, Maurice, 51
Popper, Karl, 28
popular authorization, 74, 140, 152, 156
popular consent, 56, 94, 103, 191
Popular Front, 165, 167–169
popular governments, 174–175, 178, 186, 307
popular identity, 15, 17, 108, 109
popular majorities, 152, 258, 263–265, 271, 320
popular movements, 109, 160, 216, 235, 237, 278
popular participation, 95–97, 136
popular principles, 95–96, 139–142
popular protests, 159, 170, 171
popular reforms, 174, 177
popular rule, 12, 14, 25, 73, 96–97, 123, 129, 135
principle, 2, 36
popular self-rule, 7, 11–14, 16, 25, 35, 38
principle, 13, 26
popular sovereignty, 9–16, 19–25, 72–75, 93–96, 113–118, 133–138, 156–161, 188–193, see also Introductory Note
and challenges to democracy, 5–10
and constitutional courts, 257–274
and Hobbes, 73–90
and India, 173–188
and national homogeneity, 86–88
and populism, 235–237
and recognition, 218–233
and the political, 102–108
as belief and reality, 57–72
as majoritarianism, 82–86
claims to, 159, 162, 165, 167, 172
development, 8, 89
fact and fiction mixed, 69–72
fictions in the borderlands, 189–203
ideals, 164, 170, 295
in French history, 158–172
in Trump era, 292–303
institutionalization, 175, 187
language, 159, 176
legitimacy, 25, 26, 54
limits, 117, 294
logic of, 4, 75
making of, 73–90
modern conception, 61, 74, 88
on trial, 91–109
practice of, 141, 172, 295, 300
practices, 141, 172, 295, 300
principle, 20, 27, 32, 35, 59, 97
revisited, 191–194
unified, 175–177, 182, 186
united, 181, 186–188
popularity, 17, 74, 85, 170
populism, 7–10, 16–17, 207–208, 234–253, 275–278
American, 235–236, 240, 242, 245, 253
and popular sovereignty, 235–237
and stories of peoplehood, 275–291
authoritarian, 16, 19, 108, 282, 291
definition, 275
economic, 241, 243, 245–248
illiberal, 7, 10, 17, 19, 109, 141
left, 240–241, 284
right, 241–242
populist antagonism, 249–251
populist appeals, 17, 156, 234, 237–239, 242, 247
populist ideas, 238, 246, 276
populist leagues, 165, 168
populist movements, 17, 172, 208, 236, 240, 252, 276, 278
populist parties, 236, 241, 293
Populist Party, 241
populist politics, 4, 17, 215, 252, 293
populist presidency, 238–240
populist rhetoric, 234–238, 240–245, 248–250, 252–253
21st century, 242–243
antagonistic, 240, 248
conservative, 248–251
Portland, 3, 305, 316
Postel, Charles, 236, 240
power, 16–17, 40–44, 46–47, 49–53, 114–116, 140–142, 237–238, 323
absolute, 43, 49, 94
bounds of, 47–52
coercive, 147, 149
military, 193, 281
political, 28–30, 56, 277, 281, 283, 286, 287
presidential, 238, 293
sovereign, 42, 43, 47, 74, 115, 121, 174, 177
structures, 45, 207, 235
tyrannical, 47, 51–52
ultimate, 35, 47, 52, 56
unaccountable, 43, 74
unbounded, 41, 43, 51, 55
practices, 17–18
democratic, 95, 293, 296, 301
democratic governance, 221
preferences, 115, 121, 123, 137, 222, 283, 287, 299–300
racial, 270–271
prejudices, 45, 137–138, 151–152, 221, 231
white, 151, 153
preparation of electoral rolls, 182–185, 187
prepolitical state of nature, 78, 232
preschool, universal, 327–328
presidential candidates, 235, 238–240, 249, 253
presidential hopefuls/aspirants, 237, 240, 242, 251
presidential power, 238, 293
presidentssee individual names
pressures, 107, 120, 134, 177–179, 188, 199, 279
Princely States, 173, 177, 179, 182, 186
principles
democratic, 4, 141, 143, 180, 301
fundamental, 2, 11, 117, 186
liberal, 139, 141–143, 145–149, 152, 231
popular, 95–96, 139–142
universal, 278
privileges, 2, 116, 145, 150, 163, 219, 221, 225
special, 290–291
property, 125, 146, 148–149, 155
rights, 260, 286–287
protection, 64, 125, 144, 190–191, 196, 202, 242, 258
equal, 267, 269–272, 273
minorities, 295, 300
Protestantism, 145–146, 152
protestors, 3, 158, 170–171, 248, 282
protests, 3, 158, 162, 164, 170–172, 204, 216, 326
gilets jaunes, 158, 171–172
popular, 159, 170, 171
Prucha, Francis Paul, 127
public identities, 220, 221–222
public opinion, 103–105, 137, 160, 161, 210–212, 215, 216
Black, 204, 211
general, 23–24, 26
studies, 210–211, 216
Public Opinion and American Democracy, 137
public philosophy, 140, 142, 145, 148, 150, 153, 154
public policies, 9, 209, 222, 259, 290
Puritans, Separatist, 119
qualifications, 31, 76, 85, 184, 232, 280
Qualtrics Panels, 207, 211
race, 116, 118, 144, 145, 188, 266–269, 271–272
racial discrimination, 269, 272, 282
racial diversity, 96, 266
racial equality, 17, 152, 272
racial justice, 204, 325, 328
racial liberalism, 152, 153
racial minorities, 242, 272, 290
racism, 2, 207, 304, 311
Rassemblement National see National Front
Rawls, John, 121
recognition and popular sovereignty, 218–233
redistributive policies, 15, 219
referenda, 59, 171, 265
Reflective Discussion Facilitation Training, 310
Reform Act, 146
reformers, 284, 333
progressive, 261, 264
reforms, 144, 146, 148, 154, 242
police, 204, 216
popular, 174, 177
Reid, Harry, 225
relationships, 17, 18, 20–24, 234, 237, 322, 323, 327–329
religion, 51–52, 56, 68–69, 86, 97, 119, 124–125, 145
civil, 67–69, 82, 90
religious groups, 290–291
religious liberty, 124, 147
representation, 76–77, 79, 83, 122–123, 207, 208, 210, 328–329
equal, 268, 292, 299
political, 85, 101, 123
representative bodies, 83, 178, 296
representative governments, 163, 169, 174
representative institutions, 174, 177, 235
representatives, 123, 125, 136–137, 162, 178–179, 209–210, 301, 305
elected, 179, 191, 259, 265, 283
selection, 284, 307
repression, 147
Republic, Plato’s, 14, 24, 27, 32–39, 45, 61, 63
Republican Party, 135, 154, 226, 287
republican self-governance, 287
Republicans, 135, 154–155, 169, 207, 226, 230, 239–240, 244, 248–249, 252–253, 260–262, 286–288, 294
research, 5, 211–212, 215, 243–244, 249, 295–296, 320, 323
resonance, 7, 10, 279, 285
resources, 33, 93, 109, 208, 226, 233, 308, 323–324
respectability
narratives, 206
politics, 205, 208
respondents, 29, 212–215, 261
responsibility, 77, 137, 222, 312
fiscal, 250
individual, 16, 72
responsible governments, 173, 177, 179
reticulated policies, 289–290
review, judicial, 19, 258, 260–261, 262, 266
revolution, 116, 118, 150, 152, 158–165
Reynolds, 268, 269
rhetoric, 138, 141, 228–229, 231, 234, 237, 238, 248–253
antagonistic, 234–235, 240, 248
anti-Washington, 248, 250–251, 252
campaign, 227, 247, 248
core-periphery, 253
political, 15, 219, 221, 223, 231, 246, 253
populist, 234–238, 240–245, 248–250, 252–253
conservative, 248–251
economic, 245, 247
Trump, 228–231, 248, 253
Rice, Condoleezza, 58
right populism, 241–242
rightist leagues, 165, 167, 169
rights, 95–96, 150–151, 258, 266–269, 284, 286–290, 292
abortion, 299
associational, 267, 270
basic, 286–289
civil, 67, 144, 155, 219, 286
equal, 93, 145, 153
human, 277–279, 283, 286
individual, 103, 107, 258, 288
liberal, 100–101, 154, 299, 303
minority, 43, 270–273
natural, 74
political, 47, 104, 145, 155, 219, 221, 268
property, 260, 286–287
universal, 94, 99
voting, 148, 219, 266, 268
rituals, 2, 9, 140, 158, 176, 319
Rizzo, Frank, 2
Robinson, Russell, 272
Rogers, Melvin, 297
rolls, preparation see electoral rolls, preparation
Roman Catholics see Catholics
Romer, 270–272
Roosevelt, Franklin, 283, 284
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 15, 59, 61, 67–72, 80–81, 85, 87, 89, 121, 189, 191, 200, 202, 308
RPI status, 225–226
Rucho, 266–267, 269–270, 272
rule of law, 18, 43, 63, 123, 283
rulers, 42, 44, 45, 48, 62, 173–174, 176–178, 180
Rural Constabulary Act, 147
Russell, Lord, 147
Sanders, Bernie, 242–248, 251–252, 285
sartorial expressions, 159, 160, 163, 167, 171
Saxonhouse, Arlene, 44, 49, 52–54
Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, 120
Schmitt, Carl, 19, 87–89, 201
and Tocqueville, 91–109
democracy vs. liberalism, 98–102
scholars, 11, 12, 206, 208, 237–238, 275–276, 329, 331
Schuette, 266, 270–273
Scott, Dred, 135–136
Scott, James C., 193
scrutiny, 40, 80, 269, 272, 298
strict, 271, 272
Seattle, 243–245
second-class status, 121, 219, 233
security, 129, 132, 190, 194, 195, 200, 202–203
border, 194–195, 197, 203, 225, 226
policies, 199, 202–203
Segal, Jeffrey, 262
selection processes, candidate, 283, 289
self-governance, 305, 310, 320–321, 323, 324, 326, 330, 332
American, 257–274
collective, 86
democratic, 270
fiction, 332
popular, 11
republican, 287
self-government, 2, 16, 119, 121, 135, 317, 333
self-rule, 14, 16, 104, 305–307, 309–310, 314–319
collective, 11
complete, 174
popular, 7, 11–14, 16, 25, 35, 38
self-understanding, 7, 9–10, 16, 95, 101, 305, 307
Senate, 123, 125, 226, 258, 268
Senators, 225, 226, 267–268, 283, see also individual names
Seneca, 127
Separatist Puritans, 119
settlers, 118, 120, 127, 130–131, 135
sexual orientation discrimination, 272
shared history, 108, 315
shared identities, 104, 120, 278
shared understanding, 16, 51, 329
Shays, Daniel, 258
Shelby County, 266
Shklar, Judith, 51
Sieyès, Abbé, 158, 161
similitude, 75, 82, 85, 87, 88, 107–108
skills, 27, 230, 314, 323
slave states, 125, 135
slavery, 116–117, 125–127, 129, 132–135, 136, 138, 142–146, 153, 286–288
expansion, 129, 132, 134
plantation, 132
slaves, 44, 46, 115, 116, 118, 125, 145, 150
black, 119–120, 131
fugitive, 125, 130
Smith v. Allwright, 268
Smith, Adam, 147
social base, 93, 140, 144, 153–154
social bonds, 6, 116
social constructions, 222, 224
social contract, 15, 69, 76, 119, 191, 203, 232, 299
Social Contract, Rousseau’s, 59, 67, 70, 191
social equality, 93, 157, 191
social media, 172, 213, 296
social movements, 12, 205–206, 208, 215, 333
social organization, 96, 120
social policies, 278
social status, 211, 219
socioeconomic status, 63, 211, 213, 215, 216
Socrates, 15, 29–36, 38–39, 60–63, 71
Solidarité Française, 166, 169
solidarity, 7, 72, 75, 88, 108–109, 125, 167, 171
deficits, 94
multiracial, 333
social, 16
white, 125, 155
Solon, 45, 68
Sophocles, 40–56
South Carolina, 120, 126, 129, 133, 136, 243, 251, 252, 268
southern States, 2, 154, 221
sovereign authority, 7, 43, 143, 200
sovereign decisions, 59, 104, 201
sovereign people, 19, 129, 141, 156–157, 219
and liberal democratic state, 139–157
sovereign power, 42, 43, 47, 74, 115, 121, 174, 177
sovereigns and tyrants, 40–56
sovereignty, 40–43, 58–59, 66–67, 73–75, 94–96, 102–105, 159–160, 169–170
agents of, 185–187
and tyranny, 42–43, 55
resemblances, 41–43
competing visions of, 177, 186
democratic, 105, 107
national, 170
parliamentary, 114, 121–122
political, 41, 103
popular see popular sovereignty and Introductory Note
suspensions, 59
theological dimensions, 59–60
Westphalian, 193, 202
Soviet Union, 4
Speeches, 29–30, 32, 228–229, 242–243, 246–251, see also rhetoric
Sperber, Jonathan, 146
Sphinx, 47–48, 50, 52–53
Spooner, Lysander, 286
stability, 42, 43, 135, 137
democratic, 107, 109
standards, 43, 69, 137, 269–270
state actors, 266, 273
state authorities, 191, 194, 198, 200, 201
state constitutions, 122, 144, 150–151, 179, 186, 270, 296
state governments, 95, 174, 178, 271
state legislatures, 184, 185
state of nature, 64, 67, 75, 77–79, 87–89, 123–125, 232
Hobbes’s, 75, 77, 85, 89, 123
hypothesized, 75, 78
prepolitical, 78, 232
state power, 190, 193, 252
state-building, 202–203
states. See also Introductory Note
democratic, 26, 39, 220, 307
Indian, 173–174, 177–179, 181–182, 186
nation, 5–7, 105, 170, 320, 331
statues, 2–3
status, 19, 83, 84, 93–94, 221, 224, 226, 231
civic, 150, 222
inequalities of, 81
legal, 223–225
of knowledge, 26, 32
outsider, 9, 240
political, 80, 219
RPI, 225–226
second-class, 121, 219, 233
social, 211, 219
socioeconomic, 63, 211, 213, 215, 216
“Stop the Steal” movement, 2
stories, 15–17, 45–46, 62–63, 109–113, 276–280, 284–285, 332–333
national, 109, 275, 284
of peoplehood, 16, 36, 221, 275–291
competing stories of American peoplehood, 281–291
three R’s, 279–281
toward good stories, 277–279
storytelling, 15–16
strangers, 2, 98, 145, 304, 313, 318
students, 11, 12, 164, 167, 198, 292–303, 320–322
subjects, 38, 81–83, 85–87, 89–90, 121–122, 178–179, 200–204
peripheral, 16, 190–191, 199, 202–203
suffrage see franchise
Sullivan, General John, 127
Sunstein, Cass, 262
support, 146, 154–155, 157–158, 212, 246–247, 261, 291–292, 300–301
supporters, 59, 129, 222, 229, 238–239, 302
Supreme Court, 132, 135, 138, 260–273, 286, see also individual case names
surveillance, 16, 190, 195–196, 202
symbols, 158, 159–160, 162, 169, 172, 309
syntheses, 19, 139–140, 142, 144, 153, 156
Taittinger, Pierre, 165
Tamilian labourers, 184–185
tax, 160, 170–171, 281
code, 250, 290
Taylor, Breonna, 216
Taylor, Charles, 13, 25, 206–208, 210
Tea Party activists, 226
teachers, 11, 38, 313, 322, 334
technologies, 71, 195, 230, 276
technology companies, 195–196
temporal freedom, 52, 55
Temporary Aid to Needy Families, 222
Tennessee, 129, 251
tensions, 10–11, 12, 19, 91–93, 107–108, 252, 301–302
territories, 96, 116, 173–176, 182, 186–187, 192–193, 198, 203
new, 127, 132, 135
Texas, 132, 272, 325
Thebes, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54
theological dimensions of sovereignty, 59–60
thin-centered ideology, 16, 208, 237, 275
Third Estate, 158, 161
Third Republic, 159, 164, 165–167
threats, 39, 44, 45–47, 197, 202–203, 223, 227–228, 235
throne, 48–50, 53, 54, 181
Thucydides, 33, 45
time as binding, 54–56
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 13, 18–19, 24, 33, 58, 59, 91–98, 102–103, 105–109, 114, 116–117, 121, 124, 126–127, 131, 136, 152, 329
liberalism and democracy, 93–98
vs. Schmitt, 91–109
tools, 62, 153, 193, 197, 240, 270, 294–295, 314
trade, 70, 148, 248, 251, 281
trade-offs, 6, 140
traditions, 44, 169, 247, 279–280, 286
tragic reversals, 41, 43, 47, 49
training, 149, 311, 314
transitions, 103, 134, 159, 163, 187, 260
Travancore, 178, 181, 182, 184–185
treaties, 126, 131, 134, 165, 264
tribal relations, 128, 264
Trudeau, Pierre, 258
Truett, Samuel, 131
Trump, Donald, 3, 221, 223, 227–231, 238–240, 242–253, 260–261, 267, 281–282, 291, 302
administration, 230, 238, 240, 290, 294
America First vision, 282, 287
and popular sovereignty, 292–303
rhetoric, 228–231, 248, 253
vs. Hilary Clinton, 246–248
trust, 70, 191, 250, 261, 313, 315, 317, 318
Tuck, Richard, 122
Tucker, St. George, 116
Tushnet, Mark, 262
Twitter, 204, 245
tyrannos, 43, 45, 48, 49–51
tyranny, 35, 38, 41–52, 55, 56
ancient, 42–47, 56
and sovereignty, 41–43, 55
majority, 43, 97
tyrants, 40–56
ultimate authority, 41, 43, 49, 51–52, 56
ultimate power, 35, 47, 52, 56
unaccountable authority, 16, 43, 47
unaccountable power, 43, 74
unbounded power, 41, 43, 51, 55
uncertainty, 322, 329–331
unconstitutional discrimination, 269
undocumented immigrants, 223, 228
unified people, 83, 235, 242, 310
unified popular sovereignty, 175–177, 182, 186
uniform authorship, fiction, 191, 200–201
uniformity, 75, 84–86, 89–90, 180, 190, 280
equality as, 78–82
United Kingdom, 3, 59, 143–144
House of Commons, 145, 147
united popular sovereignty, 181, 186–188
United States, 1–4, 95–97, 114–115, 126–128, 130–134, 142–143, 151–152, 228–230, see also America; individual states
antebellum, 107–109, 138, 142, 152
Mexico borderlands, 190, 194, 196, 199, 203
Supreme Court, 132, 135, 138, 260–273, 286
unity, 12, 14, 76–78, 81–82, 85, 90, 107, 285–286
political, 75, 77, 97, 104
universal franchise, 70, 95, 147, 175–177, 180, 182, 186, 188
universal preschool, 327–328
universal principles, 278
universal rights, 94, 99
universal suffrage see universal franchise
universality, 98, 104, 232
US–Mexico borderlands, 190, 194, 196, 199, 203
validity, 62, 100, 123, 137, 153, 210
Valois, Georges, 165
values, liberal, 156, 301
Van Buren, Martin, 129
victims, 3, 78, 222, 228
vigilance, 190, 195, 198–199, 201
Vinx, Lars, 104
violence, 34, 41, 43, 128, 130, 167, 172, 193–194
Virginia, 2, 117–118, 124, 249
visions, 101, 103, 154, 157, 281–286, 297, 298
voice of God, 1, 115, 307
voices of the people, 304–334
vote, 2, 184–185, 188, 219, 221, 262, 266–268
voters, 182–187, 247, 248, 265, 266, 268–270
lists of, 183, 185, 187
registration, 182, 187
white, 268, 272
voting, 129, 135, 170, 184, 209, 315, 329, 330
rights, 148, 219, 266, 268, see also franchise
Wall Street, 205, 245–246
Wallace, George, 241–242
war, 78, 87–88, 123–124, 127, 136, 154, 165, 317, see also individual wars
“Washington,” 246–247, 249, 251
Washington, George, 3, 127, 128
“We the People,” 107–108, 175, 219, 223, 225, 227, 229, 232–233
wealth, 49, 64, 81, 101, 277, 281, 289, 292
redistribution, 292, 299
Weaver, James, 241
Weber, Eugen, 88
Weber, Max, 18, 129
Weimar Germany, 104, 109
Wellington, Duke of, 148
Westphalian sovereignty, 193, 202
Whigs, 134, 140
White House, 129, 246, 248, 286
white liberty, 128
white prejudice, 151, 153
white solidarity, 125, 155
Whitman, Walt, 304, 314, 317–319
Whittington, Keith, 265
will of the people, 182–186, 186, 208
Williams, Bernard, 51
wills, 76, 77, 83–85, 87–88
Wisconsin, 246, 249
wisdom, 36, 46, 52, 68, 80, 83–84, 251
superior, 83–84
Wohl, Victoria, 42
Wolin, Sheldon, 55, 190
wolves, 304–305, 319
women, 47, 119, 162, 188, 219–220, 223, 228–230, 313
Wood, Charles, 146
Woodward-Burns, Robinson, 265
workers, 230–231, 289
American, 227, 231, 281
working classes, 144, 147, 148–149, 227, 230–231
World War I, 23, 175, 200
World War II, 264
Wyoming, 131, 268
xenophobia, 208
Yick Wo, 267–268
Zeisberg, Mariah, 274
Ziblatt, Daniel, 18, 293
Zimmerman, George, 204
Zolberg, Aristide, 120, 161

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  • Index
  • Edited by Ewa Atanassow, Bard College, Berlin, Thomas Bartscherer, Bard College, New York, David A. Bateman, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: When the People Rule
  • Online publication: 23 November 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009263757.025
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  • Index
  • Edited by Ewa Atanassow, Bard College, Berlin, Thomas Bartscherer, Bard College, New York, David A. Bateman, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: When the People Rule
  • Online publication: 23 November 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009263757.025
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  • Index
  • Edited by Ewa Atanassow, Bard College, Berlin, Thomas Bartscherer, Bard College, New York, David A. Bateman, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: When the People Rule
  • Online publication: 23 November 2023
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009263757.025
Available formats
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