The Wealth Effect How the Great Expectations of the Middle Class Have Changed the Politics of Banking Crises
Book contents
- The Wealth Effect
- The Wealth Effect
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Part I Banking Crises and the Rise of Great Expectations
- Part II Evolving Policy Responses to and Political Consequences of Banking Crises since the Nineteenth Century
- Part III Banking Crises, Policy and Politics in the United Kingdom, the United States and Brazil since the Nineteenth Century
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 March 2019
Book contents
- The Wealth Effect
- The Wealth Effect
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Part I Banking Crises and the Rise of Great Expectations
- Part II Evolving Policy Responses to and Political Consequences of Banking Crises since the Nineteenth Century
- Part III Banking Crises, Policy and Politics in the United Kingdom, the United States and Brazil since the Nineteenth Century
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Wealth EffectHow the Great Expectations of the Middle Class Have Changed the Politics of Banking Crises, pp. 505 - 558Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
‘1830 | History of Parliament Online’. n.d. Last accessed 23 January 2017. www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/parliament/1830-0.Google Scholar
Aaronson, Daniel, Hartley, Daniel and Mazumder, Bhashkar. 2017. ‘The Effects of the 1930s HOLC “Redlining” Maps’. Working Paper, WP-2017-12. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.Google Scholar
Abbas, S. M. Ali, Belhocine, Nazim, ElGanainy, Asmaa A. and Horton, Mark. 2011. ‘Historical Patterns and Dynamics of Public Debt – Evidence from a New Database’. IMF Economic Review 59 (4): 717–42.Google Scholar
Abiad, Abdul, Detragiache, Enrica and Tressel, Thierry. 2008. ‘A New Database of Financial Reforms’. IMF Working Paper, WP/08/266. New York, NY: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, and Robinson, James A.. 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Acharya, Viral V., Anginer, Deniz and Warburton, A. Joseph. 2016. ‘The End of Market Discipline? Investor Expectations of Implicit Government Guarantees’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1961656. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Acharya, Viral V., Pedersen, Lasse H., Philippon, Thomas and Richardson, Matthew. 2017. ‘Measuring Systemic Risk’. The Review of Financial Studies 30 (1): 2–47.Google Scholar
Acharya, Viral V., and Richardson, Matthew. 2009. ‘Causes of the Financial Crisis’. Critical Review 21 (2–3): 195–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharya, Viral V., Richardson, Matthew, van Nieuwerburgh, Stijn and White, Lawrence J.. 2011. Guaranteed to Fail: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Debacle of Mortgage Finance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Achen, Christopher H., and Bartels, Larry M.. 2012. ‘Blind Retrospection: Why Shark Attacks Are Bad for Democracy’. Working Paper, Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Vanderbilt University.Google Scholar
Admati, Anat, and Hellwig, Martin. 2013. The Bankers’ New Clothes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ahlquist, John S., and Ansell, Ben W.. 2017. ‘Taking Credit: Redistribution and Borrowing in an Age of Economic Polarization’. World Politics 69 (4): 640–75.Google Scholar
Albanesi, Stefania, De Giorgi, Giacomo and Nosal, Jaromir. 2017. ‘Credit Growth and the Financial Crisis: A New Narrative’. Working Paper 23740. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w23740.Google Scholar
Alemanno, Alberto, den Butter, Frank, Nijsen, André and Torriti, Jacopo. 2013. Better Business Regulation in a Risk Society. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, and Drazen, Allan. 1991. ‘Why Are Stabilizations Delayed?’ The American Economic Review 81 (5): 1170–88.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Özler, Sule, Roubini, Nouriel and Swagel, Phillip. 1996. ‘Political Instability and Economic Growth’. Journal of Economic Growth 1 (2): 189–211.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1989. ‘Partisan Cycles in Congressional Elections and the Macroeconomy’. American Political Science Review 83 (2): 373–98.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1995. Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alessandri, Piergiorgio, and Haldane, Andrew G.. 2009. ‘Banking on the State’. www.bis.org/review/r091111e.pdf.Google Scholar
Allen, A. M., Cope, S. R., Dark, L. J. H. and Witheridge, H. J.. 1938. Commercial Banking Legislation and Control. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Alston, Lee J., Melo, Marcus André, Mueller, Bernardo and Pereira, Carlos. 2016. Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Amyx, Jennifer. 2013. Japan’s Financial Crisis: Institutional Rigidity and Reluctant Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Christopher J. 2000. ‘Economic Voting and Political Context: A Comparative Perspective’. Electoral Studies 19 (2–3): 151–70.Google Scholar
Anderson, Christopher J. 2007. ‘The End of Economic Voting? Contingency Dilemmas and the Limits of Democratic Accountability’. Annual Review of Political Science 10 (1): 271–96.Google Scholar
Andrews, Edmund L. 2009. ‘After “Stress Tests,” Banks Told to Raise Money’. New York Times, 7 May 2009, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
Andrews, Edmund L., and Baker, Peter. 2009. ‘A.I.G. Planning Huge Bonuses After $170 Billion Bailout’. New York Times, 14 March 2009, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
Andrews, Edmund L., de la Merced, Michael J. and Walsh, Mary Williams. 2008. ‘Fed’s $85 Billion Loan Rescues Insurer’. New York Times, 16 September 2008, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
Ansell, Ben W. 2012. ‘Assets in Crisis: Housing, Preferences and Policy in the Credit’. Swiss Political Science Review 18 (4): 531–7.Google Scholar
Ansell, Ben W. 2014. ‘The Political Economy of Ownership: Housing Markets and the Welfare State’. American Political Science Review 108 (2): 383–402.Google Scholar
Ansell, Ben W., and Samuels, David. 2010. ‘Inequality and Democratization: A Contractarian Approach’. Comparative Political Studies 43 (12): 1543–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anson, Mike, Bholat, David, Kang, Miao and Thomas, Ryland. 2017. ‘The Bank of England as Lender of Last Resort: New Historical Evidence from Daily Transactional Data’. Bank of England.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniades, Alexis, and Calomiris, Charles W.. 2018. ‘Mortgage Market Credit Conditions and U.S. Presidential Elections’. Working Paper 24459. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Aron, Janine, Muellbauer, John and Prinsloo, Johan. 2008. ‘Estimating the Balance Sheet of the Personal Sector in an Emerging Market Country: South Africa, 1975–2005’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 196–223. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Associação Brasileira das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar. n.d. ‘Brazilian Pension System: Country Profile’. www.abrapp.org.br/Paginas/Brazilian-Pension-System.aspx.Google Scholar
Assunção, Juliano J. 2008. ‘Rural Organization and Land Reform in Brazil: The Role of Nonagricultural Benefits of Landholding’. Economic Development and Cultural Change 56 (4): 851–70.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Anthony B. 2015. Inequality: What Can Be Done? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Anthony B., and Brandolini, Andrea. 2013. ‘On the Identification of the Middle Class’. In Income Inequality: Economic Disparities and the Middle Class in Affluent Countries, edited by Gornick, Janet C. and Jäntti, Markus, 77–100. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Anthony B., Hasell, Joe, Morelli, Salvatore and Roser, Max. 2017. ‘The Chartbook of Economic Inequality – Data on Economic Inequality over the Long-Run’. Oxford: Institute for New Economic Thinking, Oxford Martin School.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Anthony B., and Morelli, Salvatore. 2011. ‘Economic Crises and Inequality’. Human Development Research Paper 2011/06. United Nations Development Programme.Google Scholar
Badev, Anton, Beck, Thorsten, Vado, Ligia and Walley, Simon. 2014. ‘Housing Finance across Countries: New Data and Analysis’. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baer, Werner, and Nazmi, Nader. 2000. ‘Privatization and Restructuring of Banks in Brazil’. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 40 (1): 3–24.Google Scholar
Bagehot, Walter. 1882. The English Constitution. 3rd edn. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.Google Scholar
Bagehot, Walter. 1962 [1873]. Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market. Homewood, IL: R. D. Irwin.Google Scholar
Bair, Sheila. 2012. Bull by the Horns: Fighting to Save Main Street from Wall Street and Wall Street from Itself. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Banco Central do Brasil. 1995. ‘PROER – Program of Incentives to the Restructuring and Strengthening of the National Financial System’. Brasilia: Banco Central do Brasil.Google Scholar
Banco Central do Brasil. 1997. ‘Annual Report 1997’. Brasilia: Banco Central do Brasil.Google Scholar
Bank for International Settlements. 2017a. ‘Residential Property Prices: Selected Series (Nominal and Real)’. 30 August 2017.Google Scholar
Bank for International Settlements. 2017b. ‘Long Series on Credit to the Non-Financial Sector’. 3 December 2017.Google Scholar
Bank of England. 1978. ‘The Secondary Banking Crisis and the Bank of England’s Support Operations’. Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 18 (2): 230–9.Google Scholar
Bank of England. 2011. ‘Quarterly Bulletin 2011 Q3, Volume 51 No. 3’. Bank of England.Google Scholar
Bank of England. n.d. ‘Money and Lending Database’. www.bankofengland.co.uk/boeapps/iadb/index.asp?first=yes&SectionRequired=A&HideNums=-1&ExtraInfo=false&Travel=NIxSTx.Google Scholar
Bank of England Financial Policy Committee. 2018. ‘Financial Policy Committee Statement from Its Meeting – 12 March 2018’. Bank of England.Google Scholar
Banking Supervision and Regulation – Economic Affairs Committee, House of Lords (UK). 2009. ‘Financial Supervision in the United Kingdom’.Google Scholar
‘BankRegData’. n.d. bankregdata.com.Google Scholar
Banks, James, and Tanner, Sarah. 2002. ‘Household Portfolios in the United Kingdom’. In Household Portfolios, edited by Guiso, Luigi, Haliassos, Michael and Jappelli, Tullio, 219–50. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Barker, Alex. 2008. ‘Brown Says UK Leads World with Rescue’. Financial Times, 9 October 2008.Google Scholar
Barman, Roderick J. 1988. Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Barnes, Lucy, and Hicks, Timothy. 2012. ‘Left Behind? Partisan Politics after the Financial Crisis’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2105310. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Barofsky, Neil M. 2012. Bailout: An Inside Account of How Washington Abandoned Main Street while Rescuing Wall Street. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Barro, Robert. 1973. ‘The Control of Politicians: An Economic Model’. Public Choice 14 (1): 19–42.Google Scholar
Barro, Robert J., and Ursua, José F.. 2008. ‘Macroeconomic Crises since 1870’. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 39 (1 (Spring)): 255–350.Google Scholar
Barros, Aluísio J. D., and Bertoldi, Andréa D.. 2008. ‘Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure in a Population Covered by the Family Health Program in Brazil’. International Journal of Epidemiology 37 (April): 758–65.Google Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation; Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 2013. ‘Political Effects of the Great Recession’. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 650 (1): 47–76.Google Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 2014. ‘Ideology and Retrospection in Electoral Responses to the Great Recession’. In Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes and Protest in the Great Recession, edited by Bartels, Larry M. and Bermeo, Nancy, 185–224. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bartels, Larry M., and Bermeo, Nancy, eds. 2014. Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes and Protest in the Great Recession. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Caprio, Gerard and Levine, Ross. 2006. Rethinking Bank Regulation: Till Angels Govern. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 1988. ‘International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards’. www.bis.org/publ/bcbs04a.htm.Google Scholar
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. 2015. ‘Glossary’. 16 June. www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d00b.htm?&selection=68&scope=CPMI&c=a&base=term.Google Scholar
BBC News. 2007. ‘Brown Attacked over Northern Rock’. 17 September. www.reuters.com/article/northernrock-brown-crisis/bank-crisis-deals-blow-to-browns-reputation-idUKNOA92342420070919.Google Scholar
BBC Press Office. 2010. ‘Global Poll: Governments Misspend More than Half Our Taxes’. 27 September. www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/09_september/27/poll.shtml.Google Scholar
BBC World Service. 2009. ‘Global Poll Shows Support for Increased Government Spending and Regulation’. www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc2009_globalPoll-04/backgrounder.html.Google Scholar
BBC World Service. 2010. ‘Governments Misspend More Than Half of Our Taxes – Global Poll’. www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc2010_economics/keyfindings.html.Google Scholar
BBC World Service. 2012. ‘Economic System Seen as Unfair: Global Poll’. https://globescan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/BBC12_Economics.pdf.Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Berrak, Büyükkarabacak, Rioja, Felix and Valev, Neven T.. 2012. ‘Who Gets the Credit? And Does It Matter? Household vs. Firm Lending Across Countries’. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics 12 (1): 1–46.Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Clarke, George, Groff, Alberto, Keefer, Philip and Walsh, Patrick. 2001. ‘New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions’. The World Bank Economic Review 15 (1): 165–76.Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Crivelli, Juan Miguel and Summerhill, William. 2005. ‘State Bank Transformation in Brazil: Choices and Consequences’. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29 (8): 2223–57.Google Scholar
Behn, Markus, Haselmann, Rainer, Kick, Thomas and Vig, Vikrant. 2015. ‘The Political Economy of Bank Bailouts’. Working Paper 86. Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).Google Scholar
Belfield, Chris, Chandler, Daniel and Joyce, Robert. 2015. ‘Today’s Young Adults Are Much Less Likely to Own a Home Than Their Parents’ Generation, But Those Owning a Home Well Before the Crisis Have Gained From House Price Increases and a Sharp Fall in Housing Costs’. 19 February. www.ifs.org.uk/publications/7594.Google Scholar
Bello, José Maria. 1966. A History of Modern Brazil, 1889–1964. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bergad, Laird W. 1999. Slavery and the Demographic and Economic History of Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1720–1888. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berman, Sheri. 2006. The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bermeo, Nancy Gina, and Pontusson, Jonas. 2012. Coping with Crisis: Government Reactions to the Great Recession. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Bernanke, Ben S. 1983. ‘Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in Propagation of the Great Depression’. American Economic Review 73 (3): 257–76.Google Scholar
Bernanke, Ben S. 2015. The Courage to Act: A Memoir of a Crisis and Its Aftermath. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Bernard, Benjamin, Capponi, Agostino and Stiglitz, Joseph E.. 2017. ‘Bail-Ins and Bail-Outs: Incentives, Connectivity, and Systemic Stability’. Working Paper 23747. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Bértola, Luis, and Ocampo, José Antonio. 2012. The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bethell, Leslie, and Nicolau, Jairo. 2008. ‘Politics in Brazil, 1985–2002’. In The Cambridge History of Latin America. Volume 9: Brazil since 1930, edited by Bethell, Leslie: 231–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bevilaqua, Afonso S. 2002. ‘State Government Bailouts in Brazil’. IDB Working Paper No. 153. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Bhutta, Neil, and Ringo, Daniel. 2015. ‘Assessing the Community Reinvestment Act’s Role in the Financial Crisis, FEDS Notes’. 26 May.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bignon, Vincent, Flandreau, Marc and Ugolini, Stefano. 2012. ‘Bagehot for Beginners: The Making of Lender‐of‐Last‐Resort Operations in the Mid‐Nineteenth Century’. Economic History Review 65 (2): 580–608.Google Scholar
Binder, Sarah. 2003. Stalemate: Causes and Consequences of Legislative Gridlock. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Binder, Sarah. 2015. ‘The Dysfunctional Congress’. Annual Review of Political Science 18 (1): 85–101.Google Scholar
Blick, Andrew, and Jones, George. 2010. Premiership: The Development, Nature and Power of the Office of the British Prime Minister. Exeter: Imprint Academic.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan S. 2012. ‘Central Bank Independence and Credibility during and after a Crisis’. Working Paper 1401. Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan S., and Zandi, Mark. 2010. ‘How the Great Recession Was Brought to an End’. Princeton University and Moody’s Analytics. www.economy.com/mark-zandi/documents/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf.Google Scholar
Blinder, Alan S., and Zandi, Mark. 2015. ‘The Financial Crisis: Lessons for the Next One’. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. www.cbpp.org/research/economy/the-financial-crisis-lessons-for-the-next-one.Google Scholar
Blyth, Mark. 2002. Great Transformations: The Rise and Decline of Embedded Liberalism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Blyth, Mark, and Matthijs, Matthias. 2017. ‘Black Swans, Lame Ducks, and the Mystery of IPE’s Missing Macroeconomy’. Review of International Political Economy 24 (2): 203–31.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 2014. ‘Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2013’. www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/2014-economic-well-being-of-us-households-in-2013-retirement.htm.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 2015. ‘Federal Reserve Board Approves Final Rule Specifying Its Procedures for Emergency Lending under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act’. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 30 November. www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20151130a.htm.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 2017a. ‘Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2016’. Federal Reserve Board.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 2017b. ‘The Fed – Recent Balance Sheet Trends’. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 29 December. www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_recenttrends.htm.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 2017. ‘Agencies Announce Joint Determinations for Living Wills’. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 19 December. www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20171219a.htm.Google Scholar
Boas, Taylor C. 2016. Presidential Campaigns in Latin America: Electoral Strategies and Success Contagion. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boin, Arjen, t’Hart, Paul and McConnell, Allan. 2009. ‘Crisis Exploitation: Political and Policy Impacts of Framing Contests’. Journal of European Public Policy 16 (1): 81–106.Google Scholar
Boix, Carles, Miller, Michael and Rosato, Sebastian. 2013. ‘A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007’. Comparative Political Studies 46 (12): 1523–54.Google Scholar
Boix, Carles, Miller, Michael and Rosato, Sebastian. 2014. ‘Boix–Miller–Rosato Dichotomous Coding of Democracy, 1800–2010’. Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/28468.Google Scholar
Boothroyd, David. n.d. ‘General Election Results 1885–1979’. www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html.Google Scholar
Bordo, Michael D., and Eichengreen, Barry J.. 1999. ‘Is Our Current International Economic Environment Unusually Crisis Prone?’ In Capital Flows and the International Financial System, edited by Gruen, David and Gower, Luke, 18–74. Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia.Google Scholar
Bordo, Michael D., Eichengreen, Barry, Klingebiel, Daniela and Martinez‐Peria, Maria Soledad. 2001. ‘Is the Crisis Problem Growing More Severe?’ Economic Policy 16 (32): 52–82.Google Scholar
Bordo, Michael D., and Meissner, Christopher M.. 2006. ‘The Role of Foreign Currency Debt in Financial Crises: 1880–1913 versus 1972–1997’. Journal of Banking & Finance 30 (12): 3299–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borio, Claudio. 2009. ‘Implementing the Macroprudential Approach to Financial Regulation and Supervision’. Banque de France Financial Stability Review, 13: 31–41.Google Scholar
Borio, Claudio. 2014. ‘Macroprudential Policy and the Financial Cycle: Some Stylized Facts and Policy Suggestions’. In What Have We Learned? Macroeconomic Policy after the Crisis, edited by Akerlof, George A., Blanchard, Olivier, Romer, David and Stiglitz, Joseph E., 71–86. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bourguignon, François, and Morrisson, Christian. 2002. ‘Inequality among World Citizens: 1820–1992’. American Economic Review 92 (4): 727–44.Google Scholar
Bovens, Mark, and t’Hart, Paul. 1996. Understanding Policy Fiascoes. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Jones, Bradford S.. 2004. Event History Modeling: A Guide for Social Scientists. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brambor, Thomas, Clark, William Roberts and Golder, Matt. 2006. ‘Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses’. Political Analysis 14 (1): 63–82.Google Scholar
Brambor, Thomas, and Lindvall, Johannes. 2017. ‘The Ideology of Heads of Government, 1870–2012’. European Political Science.Google Scholar
Branham, J. Alexander, Soroka, Stuart N. and Wlezien, Christopher. 2017. ‘When Do the Rich Win?’ Political Science Quarterly 132 (1): 43–62.Google Scholar
Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos and Nakano, Yoshiaki. 1991. ‘Hyperinflation and Stabilization in Brazil: The First Collor Plan’. In Economic Problems of the 1990s, edited by Davidson, Paul and Kregel, Jan, 41–68. London: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Bricker, Jesse, Dettling, Lisa J., Henriques, Alice, Hsu, Joanne W., Jacobs, Lindsay, Moore, Kevin B., Pack, Sarah, Sabelhaus, John, Thompson, Jeffrey and Windle, Richard A.. 2017. ‘Changes in US Family Finances from 2013 to 2016: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances’. Federal Reserve Bulletin 103 (3): 1–42.Google Scholar
Bridges, Tyler. 1988. ‘Brazil’s Banks, Hooked on Inflation, Yearn for Stability: The Americas’. Wall Street Journal, 1 April.Google Scholar
Briggs, Asa. 1961. ‘The Welfare State in Historical Perspective’. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie 2 (2): 221–58.Google Scholar
British Electoral Study. 2010. ‘Continuous Monitoring Survey’. http://bes2009–10.org./.Google Scholar
British Social Attitudes. n.d. ‘Key Findings’. www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-30/key-findings/trust-politics-and-institutions.aspx.Google Scholar
Brock, W. R. 1967. Lord Liverpool and Liberal Toryism 1820 to 1827. 3rd edn. London: Cass & Co.Google Scholar
Brooke, James. 1990. ‘Brazil’s New Chief Gives Radical Plan to Halt Inflation’. New York Times, 17 March.Google Scholar
Brooke, James. 1991. ‘Brazil Freezes All Wages and Prices’. New York Times, 1 February.Google Scholar
Brooke, James. 1992. ‘Corruption Charge Taints Brazil Leader’. New York Times, 25 May.Google Scholar
Brooker, Nathan. 2018. ‘How the Financial Crash Made Our Cities Unaffordable’. Financial Times, 15 March.Google Scholar
Brooks, Sarah M. 2005. ‘Interdependent and Domestic Foundations of Policy Change: The Diffusion of Pension Privatization Around the World’. International Studies Quarterly 49 (2): 273–94.Google Scholar
Brooks, Sarah M. 2007. ‘When Does Diffusion Matter? Explaining the Spread of Structural Pension Reforms Across Nations’. Journal of Politics 69 (3): 701–15.Google Scholar
Brown, Gordon. 2010. Beyond the Crash: Overcoming the First Crisis of Globalisation. London: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Browne, James, and Phillips, David. 2010. ‘Tax and Benefit Reforms under Labour’. Briefing Note No. 88. Institute for Fiscal Studies.Google Scholar
Broz, J. Lawrence, and Grossman, Richard S.. 2004. ‘Paying for Privilege: The Political Economy of Bank of England Charters, 1694–1844’. Explorations in Economic History 41 (1): 48–72.Google Scholar
Bruner, Robert F., and Carr, Sean D.. 2007. The Panic of 1907: Lessons Learned from the Market’s Perfect Storm. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Brunnermeier, Markus K., James, Harold and Landau, Jean-Pierre. 2016. The Euro and the Battle of Ideas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Brunnermeier, Markus K., and Julliard, Christian. 2008. ‘Money Illusion and Housing Frenzies’. The Review of Financial Studies 21 (1): 135–80.Google Scholar
Brunnermeier, Markus K., and Schnabel, Isabel. 2015. ‘Bubbles and Central Banks: Historical Perspectives’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2592370. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M. and Morrow, James D.. n.d. ‘The Logic of Political Survival Data Source’. www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/data/bdm2s2/Logic.htm.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M. and Morrow, James D.. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Burn-Murdoch, John. 2017. ‘Youth Turnout at General Election Highest in 25 Years, Data Show’. Financial Times, 20 June.Google Scholar
Burns, Helen M. 1974. The American Banking Community and New Deal Banking Reforms, 1933–1935. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Busch, Andreas. 2009. Banking Regulation and Globalization. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Butkiewicz, James L. 1995. ‘The Impact of a Lender of Last Resort during the Great Depression: The Case of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation’. Explorations in Economic History 32 (2): 197–216.Google Scholar
Cable, Olympia. 1976. ‘Brazilian Presidential Elections of the First Republic, 1889–1930’. PhD dissertation, University of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Cain, P. J., and Hopkins, A. G.. 2016. British Imperialism: 1688–2015. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cairncross, Alec K., and Eichengreen, Barry J.. 1983. Sterling in Decline: The Devaluations of 1931, 1949, and 1967. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Calmes, Jackie. 2008. ‘Fed Official Is Said to Be Choice for Treasury’. New York Times, 21 November, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W. 2013. ‘Is a 25% Bank Equity Requirement Really a No-Brainer?’ VoxEU.Org (blog). 28 November. https://voxeu.org/article/25-bank-equity-requirement.Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W., and Gorton, Gary. 1991. ‘The Origins of Banking Panics: Models, Facts, and Bank Regulation’. In Financial Markets and Financial Crises, edited by Hubbard, Robert, 109–74. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W., and Haber, Stephen H.. 2014. Fragile by Design: The Political Origins of Banking Crises and Scarce Credit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W., and White, Eugene N.. 1994. ‘The Origins of Federal Deposit Insurance’. In The Regulated Economy: A Historic Approach to Political Economy, edited by Goldin, Claudia and Libecap, Gary D., 145–88. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Câmara dos Deputados (Brazil). 2010. Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. 3rd edn. Brasilia: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados.Google Scholar
Cameron, Rondo E. 1967. Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization: A Study in Comparative Economic History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cannon, James Graham. 1910. ‘National Monetary Commission: Clearing Houses’. Senate Document No. 491, 61st Congress, 2nd Session. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Capie, Forrest. 2014. ‘British Financial Crises in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’. In British Financial Crises since 1825, edited Dimsdale, Nicholas and Hotson, Anthony, 9–23. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Capoccia, Giovanni. 2016. ‘When Do Institutions “Bite”? Historical Institutionalism and the Politics of Institutional Change’. Comparative Political Studies 49 (8): 1095–1127.Google Scholar
Caprio, Gerard, and Klingebiel, Daniela. 2003. ‘Episodes of Systemic and Borderline Financial Crises: World Bank Research Dataset’. New York: World Bank.Google Scholar
Carcasson, Martin. 1998. ‘Herbert Hoover and the Presidential Campaign of 1932: The Failure of Apologia’. Presidential Studies Quarterly 28 (2): 349–65.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, and Graeff, Eduardo. 2012. ‘Political Leadership and Economic Reform: The Brazilian Experience in the Context of Latin America’. In The Oxford Handbook of Latin American Political Economy, edited by Santiso, Javier and Dayton-Johnson, Jeff, 13–42. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carr, Jack, Mathewson, Frank and Quigley, Neil. 1995. ‘Stability in the Absence of Deposit Insurance: The Canadian Banking System, 1890–1966’. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 27 (4): 1137–58.Google Scholar
Carroll, Royce, Lewis, Jeff, Lo, James, McCarty, Nolan, Poole, Keith and Rosenthal, Howard. 2015. ‘‘Common Space” DW-NOMINATE Scores With Bootstrapped Standard Errors’. 2 September. https://legacy.voteview.com/dwnomin_joint_house_and_senate.htm.Google Scholar
Carruthers, Bruce G. 2015. ‘Financialization and the Institutional Foundations of the New Capitalism’. Socio-Economic Review 13 (2): 379–98.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Daniel. 2014. ‘The Real Effects of Government-Owned Banks: Evidence from an Emerging Market’. The Journal of Finance 69 (2): 577–609.Google Scholar
Cassis, Youssef. 2010. Capitals of Capital: The Rise and Fall of International Financial Centres, 1780–2009. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cassis, Youssef. 2013. Crises and Opportunities: The Shaping of Modern Finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Catellani, Patrizia, Milesi, Patrizia and Alberici, Augusta Isabella. 2014. ‘Counterfactuals, the National Economy, and Voting Choice’. Current Psychology 33 (1): 47–63.Google Scholar
Cawood, Ian. 2010. ‘The 1892 General Election and the Eclipse of the Liberal Unionists’. Parliamentary History 29 (3): 331–57.Google Scholar
CBOE. 2018. ‘SPX Historical Data’. www.cboe.com/products/stock-index-options-spx-rut-msci-ftse/s-p-500-index-options/s-p-500-index/spx-historical-data.Google Scholar
CBS News. 2008. ‘CBS Poll: Presidential Race Tightens’. 6 October. www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-poll-presidential-race-tightens/.Google Scholar
CBS News. 2009. ‘$90B of AIG’s Federal Rescue Went to Banks’. 16 March. www.cbsnews.com/news/90b-of-aigs-federal-rescue-went-to-banks/.Google Scholar
Cerutti, Eugenio M., Dagher, Jihad and Dell’Ariccia, Giovanni. 2015. ‘Housing Finance and Real-Estate Booms: A Cross-Country Perspective’. IMF Staff Discussion Notes No. 15/12. New York: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Chandler, Lester V. 1971. American Monetary Policy, 1928–1941. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Chavaz, Matthieu, and Rose, Andrew K.. 2016. ‘Political Borders and Bank Lending in Post-Crisis America’. Working Paper 22806. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Chetty, Raj, Hendren, Nathaniel, Kline, Patrick and Saez, Emmanuel. 2014a. ‘Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States’. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (4): 1553–1623.Google Scholar
Chetty, Raj, Hendren, Nathaniel, Kline, Patrick, Saez, Emmanuel and Turner, Nicholas. 2014b. ‘Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility’. American Economic Review 104 (5): 141–7.Google Scholar
Chiu, Dominic. 2016. ‘Housing Bubble, Politics and Trouble: Problems and Policies for China’s Real Estate Market’. China Business Review (blog). 4 November. www.chinabusinessreview.com/housing-bubble-politics-and-trouble-problems-and-policies-for-chinas-real-estate-market/.Google Scholar
Chwieroth, Jeffrey M. 2015. ‘Managing and Transforming Policy Stigmas in International Finance: Emerging Markets and Controlling Capital Inflows after the Crisis’. Review of International Political Economy 22 (1): 44–76.Google Scholar
Chwieroth, Jeffrey M., and Danielsson, Jon. 2013. ‘Political Challenges of the Macroprudential Agenda’. VoxEU.Org (blog). 6 September. https://voxeu.org/article/political-challenges-macroprudential-agenda.Google Scholar
Chwieroth, Jeffrey M., and Walter, Andrew. 2017. ‘Banking Crises and Politics: A Long-Run Perspective’. International Affairs 93 (5): 1107–29.Google Scholar
Clark, William R., Golder, Sona N. and Poast, Paul. 2013. ‘Monetary Institutions and the Political Survival of Democratic Leaders’. International Studies Quarterly 57 (3): 556–67.Google Scholar
Coates, David. 2009. ‘Chickens Coming Home to Roost? New Labour at the Eleventh Hour’. British Politics 4 (4): 421–33.Google Scholar
Coleman, Nicholas, and Feler, Leo. 2015. ‘Bank Ownership, Lending, and Local Economic Performance during the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis’. Journal of Monetary Economics 71 (2): 50–66.Google Scholar
Collins, Michael. 1988. Money and Banking in the UK: A History. London and New York, NY: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Colvin, Christopher L. 2014. ‘Interlocking Directorates and Conflicts of Interest: The Rotterdamsche Bankvereeniging, Müller & Co. and the Dutch Financial Crisis of the 1920s’. Business History 56 (2): 314–34.Google Scholar
Comfort, Nicholas. 2018. ‘ECB’s Record as a Bank Supervisor? Barely a Pass, Experts Say’. Bloomberg.com. 12 February. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-12/ecb-told-it-must-do-better-as-soured-loans-crisis-rumbles-on.Google Scholar
Comptroller of the Currency (US). 1909. ‘Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency to the Second Session of the Sixty-First Congress of the United States’. US Treasury.Google Scholar
Conant, Charles A. 1902. A History of Modern Banks of Issue. Accessed from http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn738934. New York, NY: G. D. Putnam’s Sons.Google Scholar
Conant, Charles A. 1915. A History of Modern Banks of Issue. New York, NY: G. D. Putnam’s Sons.Google Scholar
Conservative Party (UK). 2010. ‘Invitation to Join the Government of Britain: The Conservative Manifesto 2010’. The Conservative Party.Google Scholar
Cook, Chris, and Stevenson, John. 2014. A History of British Elections since 1689. Oxford: Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Corlett, Adam, and Judge, Lindsay. 2017. ‘Home Affront: Housing across the Generations’. Intergenerational Commission Report. Wealth Series. London: Resolution Foundation.Google Scholar
Cramer, Katherine J. 2014. ‘Political Understanding of Economic Crises: The Shape of Resentment toward Public Employees’. In Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes and Protest in the Great Recession, edited by Bartels, Larry M. and Bermeo, Nancy, 72–104. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Crawford, Rowena, Innes, David and O’Dea, Cormac. 2015. The Evolution of Wealth in Great Britain: 2006–08 to 2010–12. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies.Google Scholar
Crawford, Rowena, Innes, David and O’Dea, Cormac. 2016. ‘Household Wealth in Great Britain: Distribution, Composition and Changes 2006–12’. Fiscal Studies 37 (1): 35–54.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2012. Global Wealth Databook 2012. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2014. Global Wealth Databook 2014. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2015. Global Wealth Databook 2015. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2016. Global Wealth Databook 2016. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2017a. Global Wealth Databook 2017. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2017b. Global Wealth Report 2017. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Crespo-Tenorio, Adriana, Jensen, Nathan M. and Rosas, Guillermo. 2014. ‘Political Liabilities: Surviving Banking Crises’. Comparative Political Studies 47 (7): 1047–74.Google Scholar
Cribb, Jonathan, Hood, Andrew and Joyce, Robert. 2016. ‘The Economic Circumstances of Different Generations: The Latest Picture’. Briefing Note 187. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies.Google Scholar
Cribb, Jonathan, Hood, Andrew, Joyce, Robert and Keiller, Agnes Norris. 2017. ‘Living Standards, Poverty and Inequality in the UK: 2017’. Report 129. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies.Google Scholar
Croft, Adam. 2007. ‘Bank Crisis Deals Blow to Brown’s Reputation’. 19 September. Reuters.com. www.reuters.com/article/northernrock-brown-crisis/bank-crisis-deals-blow-to-browns-reputation-idUKNOA92342420070919.Google Scholar
Crouch, Colin. 2009. ‘Privatised Keynesianism: An Unacknowledged Policy Regime’. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 11 (3): 382–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cruz, Cesi, Keefer, Philip and Scartascini, Carlos. 2016. ‘The Database of Political Institutions 2015 (DPI2015)’. January. www.iadb.org/en/research-and-data/publication-details,3169.html?pub_id=IDB-DB-121.Google Scholar
Culpepper, Pepper D. 2010. Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Culpepper, Pepper D., and Reinke, Raphael. 2014. ‘Structural Power and Bank Bailouts in the United Kingdom and the United States’. Politics & Society 42 (4): 427–54.Google Scholar
Dash, Eric, and Sorkin, Andrew Ross. 2008. ‘Government Seizes WaMu and Sells Some Assets’. New York Times, 25 September, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
Datafolha, . 1994. ‘Evaluation of the Government of Itamar Franco’. 12 January. http://datafolha.folha.uol.com.br/opiniaopublica/1994/12/1222332-avaliacao-do-governo-itamar-franco.shtml.Google Scholar
Datafolha, . 2002. ‘FHC Closes Mandate with Greater Disapproval than Approval’. 15 December. http://datafolha.folha.uol.com.br/opiniaopublica/2002/12/1222326-fhc-encerra-mandato-com-reprovacao-maior-do-que-aprovacao.shtml.Google Scholar
Davidson, Adam, and Hansen, Liane. 2008. ‘Federal Mortgage Takeover Plan Prompts Questions’. NPR.Org. 7 September. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94367320.Google Scholar
Davies, Howard, and Green, David. 2010. Banking on the Future. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, James B., ed. 2008. Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, James B., Sandström, Susanna, Shorrocks, Anthony and Wolff, Edward N.. 2008. ‘The World Distribution of Household Wealth’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, 395–418. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dayen, David. 2015. ‘Obama Program That Hurt Homeowners and Helped Big Banks Is Ending’. The Intercept (blog). 28 December. https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/obama-program-hurt-homeowners-and-helped-big-banks-now-its-dead/.Google Scholar
De Ferranti, David, Perry, Guillermo E., Ferreira, Francisco H. E. and Walton, Michael. 2004. Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History? Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
De Ferranti, David, Perry, Guillermo E., Ferreira, Francisco H. G., Walton, Michael, Coady, David, Cunningham, Wendy, Gasparini, Leonardo et al. 2003. Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: Breaking with History? Advance Conference Edition. World Bank.Google Scholar
De Haan, Jakob de, and Eijffinger, Sylvester. 2016. ‘The Politics of Central Bank Independence’. DNB Working Paper. Amsterdam: Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.Google Scholar
de Krivoy, Ruth. 2003. ‘The Venezuelan Banking Crisis – Epilogue’. Toronto International Leadership Centre for Financial Sector Supervision. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTFINANCIALSECTOR/Resources/282884-1239831335682/6028531--1239831365859/K2_Toronto_Center_Venezuela_Bkg_Epil.pdf.Google Scholar
De Nederlandsche Bank. 2017. ‘Financial Stability Report, Autumn 2017’. Amsterdam: De Nederlandsche Bank.Google Scholar
de Paiva Abreu, Marcelo. 2008. ‘The Brazilian Economy, 1980–1994’. In The Cambridge History of Latin America. Volume 9: Brazil since 1930, edited by Bethell, Leslie: 395–430. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DeLong, J. Bradford. 2012. ‘This Time, It Is Not Different: The Persistent Concerns of Financial Macroeconomics’. Equitable Growth. http://equitablegrowth.org/equitablog/j-bradford-delong-2012-this-time-it-is-not-different-the-persistent-concerns-of-financial-macroeconomics/.Google Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Klapper, Leora. 2012. ‘Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex Database’. Working Paper. Policy Series. The World Bank.Google Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2001. Financial Structure and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Comparison of Banks, Markets, and Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Democratic Party, United States. 1912. ‘Democratic Party Platforms: 1912 Democratic Party Platform’. 25 June. www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29590.Google Scholar
Dennis, Brady, and Cho, David. 2009. ‘Rage at AIG Swells As Bonuses Go Out’, 17 March. www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/16/AR2009031602961.html.Google Scholar
Deos, Simone, Ruocco, Camilla and Rosa, Everton Sotto Tibiriçá. 2017. ‘Federal Public Banks in Brazil: Historical Overview and Role in the Recent Crisis’. In Public Banks in the Age of Financialization: A Comparative Perspective, edited by Scherrer, Christoph, 67–82. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Deutsche Bundesbank. 2016. ‘Bank Recovery and Resolution – The New TLAC and MREL Minimum Requirements’. Deutsche Bundesbank Monthly Report. Frankfurt: Deutsche Bundesbank.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry, Plattner, Marc F. and Walker, Christopher. 2016. Authoritarianism Goes Global: The Challenge to Democracy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Dimsdale, N. H., and Hotson, A.. 2014. ‘Financial Crises and Economic Activity in the UK since 1825’. In British Financial Crises since 1825, 24–57. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dimson, Elroy, Marsh, Paul and Staunton, Mike. 2016. Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook 2016. Zurich: Credit Suisse.Google Scholar
Dinç, I. Serdar. 2005. ‘Politicians and Banks: Political Influences on Government-Owned Banks in Emerging Markets’. Journal of Financial Economics 77 (2): 453–79.Google Scholar
Djankov, Simeon. 2015. ‘Hungary under Orbán: Can Central Planning Revive Its Economy?’ PB15-11. Peterson Institute Policy Briefs. Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Douglas, Paul Howard, and Director, Aaron. 1931. The Problem of Unemployment. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Drake, Bruce. 2013. ‘Public Has Mixed Views about Government Regulation of Banks’. Pew Research Center (blog). 20 November. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/11/20/public-has-mixed-views-about-government-regulation-of-banks/.Google Scholar
Drezner, Daniel W. 2014. The System Worked: How the World Stopped Another Great Depression. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Duch, Raymond M., and Stevenson, Randolph T.. 2008. The Economic Vote: How Political and Economic Institutions Condition Election Results. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dungan, Adrian. 2014. ‘Individual Income Tax Shares, 2014. Statistics of Income Bulletin, SOI Tax Stats’. US Internal Revenue Service. www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/soi-a-ints-id1704.pdf.Google Scholar
Dunkley, Emma. 2017a. ‘Philip Hammond Warns State-Owned RBS Stake Could Be Sold at a Loss’. Financial Times, 18 April.Google Scholar
Dunkley, Emma. 2017b. ‘UK Government Sells Remaining Stake in Lloyds’. Financial Times, 16 May.Google Scholar
Eaglesham, Jean, Larson, Peter Thal, Giles, Chris and Saigol, Lina. 2007. ‘UK to Guarantee Northern Rock Deposits’. Financial Times, 18 September.Google Scholar
Easterly, William, and Fischer, Stanley. 2001. ‘Inflation and the Poor’. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 33 (2): 160–78.Google Scholar
The Economist. 2017. ‘A Purge of Russia’s Banks Is Not Finished Yet’. The Economist, 23 November.Google Scholar
Edwards, Sebastian, and Tabellini, Guido. 1991. ‘Explaining Fiscal Policies and Inflation in Developing Countries’. Journal of International Money and Finance 10 (Supplement 1): S16–48.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, Barry J. 1992. Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
El-Erian, Mohamed A. 2016. The Only Game in Town: Central Banks, Instability, and Avoiding the Next Collapse. Reprint edition. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks.Google Scholar
Elliot, A. R. D. 1911. The Life of George Joachim Goschen, First Viscount Goschen (1831–1907). Volume 2. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.Google Scholar
Elliot Armijo, Leslie. 1993. ‘Brazilian Politics and Patterns of Financial Regulation, 1945–1991’. In The Politics of Finance in Developing Countries, edited by Haggard, Stephan, Lee, Chung H. and Maxfield, Sylvia., 259–92. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Employee Benefit Research Institute. 1998. ‘History of Pension Plans’. March. www.ebri.org/publications/facts/index.cfm?fa=0398afact.Google Scholar
Enderle-Burcel, Gertude. 1994. ‘The Failure of Crisis Management: Banking Laws in Interwar Austria’. In Universal Banking in the Twentieth Century: Finance, Industry and State in North and Central Europe, edited by Gourvish, T. R., Pogány, Ágnes and Teichova, Alice, 116–30. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Englmaier, Florian, and Stowasser, Till. 2017. ‘Electoral Cycles in Savings Bank Lending’. Journal of the European Economic Association 15 (2): 296–354.Google Scholar
Enns, Peter K. 2015. ‘Relative Policy Support and Coincidental Representation’. Perspectives on Politics 13 (4): 1053–64.Google Scholar
Epstein, Gerald A. 2005. ‘Introduction: Financialization and the World Economy’. In Financialization and the World Economy, edited by Epstein, Gerald A., 3–16. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Epstein, Lee, and Segal, Jeffrey A.. 2000. ‘Measuring Issue Salience’. American Journal of Political Science 44 (1): 66–83.Google Scholar
Ergungor, Emre, and Cherny, Kent. 2009. ‘Sweden as a Useful Model of Successful Financial Crisis Resolution’. VoxEU.Org (blog). 19 March. https://voxeu.org/article/resolving-banking-crisis-should-we-follow-sweden-s-example.Google Scholar
Erturk, Ismail, Froud, Julie, Johal, Sukhdev, Leaver, Adam and Williams, Karel. 2007. ‘The Democratization of Finance? Promises, Outcomes and Conditions’. Review of International Political Economy 14 (4): 553–75.Google Scholar
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Essletzbichler, Jürgen, Disslbacher, Franziska and Moser, Mathias. 2018. ‘The Victims of Neoliberal Globalisation and the Rise of the Populist Vote: A Comparative Analysis of Three Recent Electoral Decisions’. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 11 (1): 73–94.Google Scholar
European Central Bank. 2013. ‘The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey – Results from the First Wave’. Statistics Paper Series No. 2. Frankfurt: ECB.Google Scholar
European Central Bank. 2016. ‘The Household Finance and Consumption Survey: Results from the Second Wave’. Statistics Paper Series No. 18. Frankfurt: ECB.Google Scholar
Eurostat. 2017. ‘Housing Statistics – Statistics Explained’. February. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Housing_statistics#Type_of_dwelling.Google Scholar
Evans, Eric J. 2011. The Shaping of Modern Britain: Identity, Industry and Empire, 1780–1914. Abingdon and New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Eymann, Angelika, and Börsch-Supan, Axel. 2002. ‘Household Portfolios in Germany’. In Household Portfolios, edited by Guiso, Luigi, Haliassos, Michael and Jappelli, Tullio, 291–340. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Farrell, Diana, Bhagat, Kanav, Ganang, Peter and Noel, Pascal. 2017. ‘Mortgage Modifications after the Great Recession’. New York: JP Morgan Chase Institute.Google Scholar
Fausto, Boris. 1989. ‘Society and Politics’. In Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822–1930, edited by Bethell, Leslie, 257–308. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fausto, Boris. 2014. A Concise History of Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fay, Marianne, and Wellenstein, Anna. 2005. ‘Keeping a Roof over One’s Head: Improving Access to Safe and Decent Shelter’. In The Urban Poor in Latin America, edited by Fay, Marianne, 91–124. Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US). 1997. History of the Eighties – Lessons for the Future. Volume I: An Examination of the Banking Crises of the 1980s and Early 1990s. Washington DC: FDIC.Google Scholar
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US). 1998. ‘A Brief History of Deposit Insurance in the United States’. Prepared for the International Conference on Deposit Insurance, Washington DC. Washington DC: FDIC.Google Scholar
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US). 2007. ‘Failed Bank Capital Ratios’. www.fdic.gov/about/learn/board/hoenig/failed-bank-capital-ratios.pdf.Google Scholar
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (US). 2014. ‘Resolutions Handbook’. Washington DC: FDIC.Google Scholar
Federal Housing Finance Agency. 2011. ‘A Brief History of the Housing Government-Sponsored Enterprises’. FHFA, Office of the Inspector General.Google Scholar
Federal Reserve Bank of New York. 2017. ‘Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit 2017 Q3’. www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/interactives/householdcredit/data/pdf/HHDC_2017Q3.pdf.Google Scholar
Federal Reserve Board (US). 2017a. ‘Financial Accounts Guide – All Tables’. www.federalreserve.gov/apps/fof/FOFTables.aspx.Google Scholar
Federal Reserve Board (US). 2017b. ‘The Fed – Section 13. Powers of Federal Reserve Banks’. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 13 February. www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/section13.htm.Google Scholar
Feenstra, Robert C., Inklaar, Robert and Timmer, Marcel P.. 2015. ‘The Next Generation of the Penn World Table’. American Economic Review 105 (10): 3150–82.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John. 1986. ‘Incumbent Performance and Electoral Control’. Public Choice 50 (1/3): 5–25.Google Scholar
Ferns, H. S. 1992. ‘The Baring Crisis Revisited’. Journal of Latin American Studies. May.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Adriana Nunes, and Rosa, Everton Sotto Tibiriçá. 2017. ‘The Role of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) in Brazilian Development Policy’. In Public Banks in the Age of Financialization: A Comparative Perspective, edited by Scherrer, Christoph, 101–15. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Alex Luiz, and Sakurai, Sérgio Naruhiko. 2013. ‘Personal Charisma or the Economy? Macroeconomic Indicators of Presidential Approval Ratings in Brazil’. Economia 14 (3): 214–32.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Francisco, Leite, Phillippe and Litchfield, Julie. 2008. ‘The Rise and Fall of Brazilian Inequality: 1981–2004’. Macroeconomic Dynamics 12 (S2): 199–230.Google Scholar
Ferreira, Francisco H. G., Messina, Julian, Rigolini, Jamele, López-Calva, Luis-Felipe, Lugo, Maria Ana and Vakis, Renos. 2013. ‘Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class’. Latin America and Caribbean Studies. Washington DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
Fetter, Frank W. 1965. Development of British Monetary Orthodoxy, 1797–1875. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Fettig, David. 2002. ‘Lender of More Than Last Resort. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Note’. 1 December. www.minneapolisfed.org/publications/the-region/lender-of-more-than-last-resort.Google Scholar
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission. 2011. ‘The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States’. US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Financial Services Authority Board. 2011. ‘The Failure of the Royal Bank of Scotland’. Financial Services Authority.Google Scholar
Financial Services Authority (UK). 2008. ‘Compensation Scheme to Cover Savers’ Claims Up to £50,000’. FSA/PN/114/2008. FSA.Google Scholar
Financial Services Authority (UK). 2012. ‘Consumer Awareness of the FSA and Financial Regulation, Fieldwork Conducted by TNS Research International’. Financial Services Authority.Google Scholar
Financial Stability Board. 2017. ‘Ten Years On: Taking Stock of Post-Crisis Resolution Reforms’. Sixth Report on the Implementation of Resolution Reforms. Basel: Financial Stability Board.Google Scholar
Finlayson, Alan. 2009. ‘Financialisation, Financial Literacy and Asset-Based Welfare’. The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 11 (3): 400–21.Google Scholar
Fishback, Price V. 2017. ‘How Successful Was the New Deal? The Microeconomic Impact of New Deal Spending and Lending Policies in the 1930s’. Journal of Economic Literature 55 (4): 1435–85.Google Scholar
Fishback, Price V., Rose, Jonathan and Snowden, Kenneth A.. 2013. ‘An HOLC Primer’. In Well Worth Saving: How the New Deal Safeguarded Home Ownership, edited by Fishback, Price V., Rose, Jonathan and Snowden, Kenneth A., 54–69. Chicago, IL: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) & University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, D. R. 2009. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1820–1832. Volume I: Introductory Survey, Appendices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fishlow, Albert. 2011. Starting Over: Brazil since 1985. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Mark, and Ugolini, Stefano. 2014. ‘The Crisis of 1866’. In British Financial Crises since 1825, edited by Dimsdale, Nicholas and Hotson, Anthony, 76–93. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, and Zumer, Frédéric. 2004. The Making of Global Finance, 1880–1913. Paris: OECD Development Studies Centre.Google Scholar
Fletcher, W. Miles. 1991. ‘Japanese Banks and Economic Policy’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 251–71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fligstein, Neil, and Goldstein, Adam. 2015. ‘The Emergence of a Finance Culture in American Households, 1989–2007’. Socio-Economic Review 13 (3): 575–601.Google Scholar
Foa, Roberto Stefan, and Mounk, Yascha. 2016. ‘The Democratic Disconnect’. Journal of Democracy 27 (3): 5–17.Google Scholar
Foa, Roberto Stefan, and Mounk, Yascha. 2017. ‘The Signs of Deconsolidation’. Journal of Democracy 28 (1): 5–15.Google Scholar
Foley, Michael. 2009. ‘Gordon Brown and the Role of Compounded Crisis in the Pathology of Leadership Decline’. British Politics 4 (4): 498–513.Google Scholar
Fong, Christina M., Bowles, Samuel and Gintis, Herbert. 2006. ‘Strong Reciprocity and the Welfare State’. In Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity, edited by Kolm, S. and Ythier, Jean Mercier, 1: 1439–64. Amsterdam and New York, NY: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Foote, Christopher L., Gilardi, Kristopher S. and Willen, Paul S.. 2012. ‘Why Did So Many People Make So Many Ex Post Bad Decisions? The Causes of the Foreclosure Crisis’. Public Policy Discussion Papers 12-2. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.Google Scholar
Forsyth, Douglas J. 1991. ‘The Rise and Fall of Mixed Banking in Italy’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 179–205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Foster, Richard W., and Witcher, S. Karene. 1985. ‘New Leadership of Brazil Closes Troubled Bank’. Wall Street Journal, 20 March.Google Scholar
Fox News. 2009. ‘Watchdog: Financial Bailout Support Could Reach $23.7 Trillion’. Fox News.com. 20 July. www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/20/watchdog-financial-bailout-support-reach-trillion.html.Google Scholar
Frame, W. Scott, Fuster, Andreas, Tracy, Joseph and Vickery, James. 2015. ‘The Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (2): 25–52.Google Scholar
Frank, Robert H. 2013. Falling Behind: How Rising Inequality Harms the Middle Class. The Aaron Wildavsky Forum for Public Policy: 4. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Frank, Zephyr L. 2004. Dutra’s World: Wealth and Family in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Frank, Zephyr L. 2005. ‘Wealth Holding in Southeastern Brazil, 1815–1860’. Hispanic American Historical Review 85 (2): 223–57.Google Scholar
Franko, William W., Kelly, Nathan J. and Witko, Christopher. 2016. ‘Class Bias in Voter Turnout, Representation, and Income Inequality’. Perspectives on Politics 14 (2): 351–68.Google Scholar
FRED Database. 2016a. ‘3-Month Treasury Bill: Secondary Market Rate’. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. 2016. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTB3.Google Scholar
FRED Database. 2016b. ‘Overnight London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), Based on British Pound’. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GBPONTD156N.Google Scholar
FRED Database. 2017a. ‘Federal Funds Target Range – Upper Limit (DFEDTARU)’. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARU.Google Scholar
FRED Database. 2017b. ‘Federal Funds Target Rate (DISCONTINUED) [DFEDTAR]’. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTAR.Google Scholar
FRED Database. 2017c. ‘S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index (CSUSHPINSA)’. Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CSUSHPINSA.Google Scholar
Frieden, Jeffry A. 2006. Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton, and Schwartz, Anna Jacobson. 1963. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fritsch, Winston. 1988. External Constraints on Economic Policy in Brazil: 1889–1930. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Funke, Manuel, Schularick, Moritz and Trebesch, Christoph. 2016. ‘Going to Extremes: Politics after Financial Crises, 1870–2014’. European Economic Review 88 (C): 227–60.Google Scholar
Gai, Prasanna, Haldane, Andrew and Kapadia, Sujit. 2011. ‘Complexity, Concentration and Contagion’. Journal of Monetary Economics, Carnegie-Rochester Conference on Public Policy: Normalizing Central Bank Practice in Light of the Credit Turmoil, 12–13 November 2010, 58 (5): 453–70.Google Scholar
Gall, Norman. 1992. ‘After the Impeachment in Brazil, the Abyss Still Looms’. Wall Street Journal, 2 October.Google Scholar
Gallup, . n.d. ‘Presidential Approval Ratings – Barack Obama’. Gallup.Com. http://news.gallup.com/poll/116479/barack-obama-presidential-job-approval.aspx.Google Scholar
Gallup, . n.d. ‘Presidential Approval Ratings – George W. Bush’. Gallup.Com. http://news.gallup.com/poll/116500/Presidential-Approval-Ratings-George-Bush.aspx.Google Scholar
Gallup, . 2009. ‘Views on Government Aid Depend on the Program’. Gallup.Com. 24 February. www.gallup.com/poll/116083/Views-Government-Aid-Depend-Program.aspx.Google Scholar
Galston, William A. 2010. ‘President Barack Obama’s First Two Years: Policy Accomplishments, Political Difficulties’. Governance Studies, Brookings Institution, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Gamble, Andrew. 2009. ‘British Politics and the Financial Crisis’. British Politics 4 (4): 450–62.Google Scholar
Gandrud, Christopher. 2013. ‘The Diffusion of Financial Supervisory Governance Ideas’. Review of International Political Economy 20 (4): 881–916.Google Scholar
Gandrud, Christopher. 2015. ‘Corrections and Refinements to the Database of Political Institutions’ Yrcurnt Election Timing Variable’. The Political Methodologist (blog). 3 March. https://thepoliticalmethodologist.com/2015/03/03/corrections-and-refinements-to-the-database-of-political-institutions-yrcurnt-election-timing-variable/.Google Scholar
Gandrud, Christopher, and Hallerberg, Mark. 2013. ‘Bad Banks as a Response to Crises: When Do Governments Use Them, and Why Does Their Governance Differ?’ SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2241290. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Gandrud, Christopher, and Hallerberg, Mark. 2015a. ‘When All Is Said and Done: Updating “Elections, Special Interests, and Financial Crisis”’. Research & Politics 2 (3): 1–9.Google Scholar
Gandrud, Christopher, and Hallerberg, Mark. 2015b. ‘What Is a Financial Crisis? Efficiently Measuring Real-Time Perceptions of Financial Market Stress with an Application to Financial Crisis Budget Cycles’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2706508. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Garvy, George. 1977. Money, Financial Flows, and Credit in the Soviet Union. New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Gayer, Arthur D., Rostow, W. W. and Schwartz, Anna Jacobson. 1975. The Growth and Fluctuation of the British Economy, 1790–1850: An Historical, Statistical, and Theoretical Study of Britain’s Economic Development. Volume 1. Hassocks: Harvester Press.Google Scholar
Geithner, Timothy F. 2015. Stress Test: Reflections on Financial Crises. New York, NY: Crown.Google Scholar
Gentzkow, Matthew, and Shapiro, Jesse M.. 2010. ‘What Drives Media Slant? Evidence from U.S. Daily Newspapers’. Econometrica 78 (1): 35–71.Google Scholar
Gerdrup, Karsten. 2003. ‘Three Episodes of Financial Fragility in Norway since the 1890s’. BIS Working Paper 142. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.Google Scholar
Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilens, Martin. 2012. Affluence and Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Glassman, Ronald M. 1995. The Middle Class and Democracy in Socio-Historical Perspective. Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Global Financial Markets Association. 2010. ‘Rushing Basel Could Stifle Future Economic Growth, Say Financial Services Firms’. 20 April. www.gfma.org/initiatives/basel-iii/rushing-basel-could-stifle-future-economic-growth,-say-financial-services-firms/.Google Scholar
Glover, Julian. 2008. ‘Labour Fails to Win Poll Boost from Banking Crisis’. The Guardian, 20 October, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
Glover, Julian. 2009. ‘Divided, Out of Touch, Heading For Defeat: How Public Sees Labour in ICM Poll’. The Guardian, 15 June, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
Goldfajn, Ilan, Hennings, Katherine and Mori, Hélio. 2003. ‘Brazil’s Financial System: Resilience to Shocks, No Currency Substitution, but Struggling to Promote Growth’. Working Papers Series 75. Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.Google Scholar
Goldman, David. 2008. ‘Americans Want Bailout, But Cost a Concern’. CNN Money, 3 April.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, R. W. 1986. Desenvolvimento Financerio soh um Seculo de Inflação. São Paulo: Banco Bamerindus do Brasil, S.A. and Editora Harper & Row do Brasil Ltda.Google Scholar
Goldthorpe, John H. 2010. ‘Analysing Social Inequality: A Critique of Two Recent Contributions from Economics and Epidemiology’. European Sociological Review 26 (6): 731–44.Google Scholar
Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1999. ‘Myths about the Lender of Last Resort’. FMG Special Paper. Financial Markets Group, London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Goodhart, Charles A. E. 2000. ‘The Organisational Structure of Banking Supervision’. FSI Occasional Papers 1. Financial Stability Institute, Bank for International Settlements, Basel.Google Scholar
Goodhart, Charles A. E. 2014. ‘Competition and Credit Control’. FMG Special Paper sp229. Financial Markets Group, London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Goodhart, Charles A. E., and Erfurth, Philipp. 2014. ‘Monetary Policy and Long-Term Trends’. VoxEU.Org (blog). 3 November 2014.Google Scholar
Goolsbee, Austan D., and Krueger, Alan B.. 2015. ‘A Retrospective Look at Rescuing and Restructuring General Motors and Chrysler’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (2): 3–24.Google Scholar
Gorton, Gary. 1984. ‘Private Clearinghouses and the Origins of Central Banking’. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Business Review, February.Google Scholar
Gorton, Gary. 1988. ‘Banking Panics and Business Cycles’. Oxford Economic Papers 40 (4): 751–81.Google Scholar
Gourevitch, Peter A., and Shinn, James. 2006. Political Power and Corporate Control. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Government of the Netherlands. 2017. ‘Confidence in the Future: 2017–2021 Coalition Agreement, People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Christian Democratic Alliance (CDA), Democrats ’66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU)’. Government of the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Green, E. H. H. 1995. The Crisis of Conservatism: The Politics, Economics, and Ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914. London and New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Green, Matthew, and Hudak, Kristen. 2009. ‘Congress and the Bailout: Explaining the Bailout Votes and Their Electoral Effect’. Legislative Studies Section Newsletter 32 (1).Google Scholar
Greene, Stephen. 2013. ‘Emergency Banking Act of 1933’. Federal Reserve History. 22 November. www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/emergency_banking_act_of_1933.Google Scholar
Grice, Andrew. 2009. ‘£850bn: Official Cost of the Bank Bailout’. The Independent, 4 December.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Katherine. 2007. ‘Call to Nationalise Northern Rock’. The Telegraph, 6 December, sec. Finance.Google Scholar
Grossman, Emiliano, and Woll, Cornelia. 2014. ‘Saving the Banks: The Political Economy of Bailouts’. Comparative Political Studies 47 (4): 574–600.Google Scholar
Grossman, Richard S. 2001. ‘Double Liability and Bank Risk Taking’. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 33 (2): 143–59.Google Scholar
Grossman, Richard S. 2007. ‘Fear and Greed: The Evolution of Double Liability in American Banking, 1865–1930’. Explorations in Economic History 44 (1): 59–80.Google Scholar
Grossman, Richard S. 2010. Unsettled Account: The Evolution of Banking in the Industrialized World since 1800. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Guha, Krishna, Politi, James and Mackenzie, Michael. 2008. ‘US Injection Lifts Confidence’. Financial Times, 14 October 2008.Google Scholar
Guiso, Luigi, Haliassos, Michael and Jappelli, Tullio, eds. 2002. Household Portfolios. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Guiso, Luigi, Haliassos, Michael, Jappelli, Tullio and Claessens, Stijn. 2003. ‘Household Stockholding in Europe: Where Do We Stand and Where Do We Go?’ Economic Policy 18 (36): 125–70.Google Scholar
Guiso, Luigi, and Jappelli, Tullio. 2002. ‘Household Porfolios in Italy’. In Household Portfolios, edited by Guiso, Luigi, Haliassos, Michael and Jappelli, Tullio, 251–90. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Guriev, Sergei, and Rachinsky, Andrei. 2008. ‘Evolution of Personal Wealth in the Former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 134–49. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen H. 1997. ‘Financial Markets and Industrial Development: A Comparative Study of Government Regulation, Financial Innovation, and Industrial Structure in Brazil and Mexico, 1840–1930’. In How Latin America Fell behind: Essays on the Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico, 1800–1914, edited by Haber, Stephen H., 146–78. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hacker, Jacob S., and Pierson, Paul. 2010. Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer, and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Hackley, Howard H. 1973. Lending Functions of the Federal Reserve Banks: A History. Washington DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan. 2000. The Political Economy of the Asian Financial Crisis. Washington DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan, and Kaufman, Robert R.. 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hahner, June Edith. 1969. Civilian–Military Relations in Brazil, 1889–1898. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G. 2011. ‘Control Rights (and Wrongs)’. Wincott Memorial Lecture. London: Bank of England.Google Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G. 2013. ‘Rethinking the Financial Network’. In Fragile Stabilität – stabile Fragilität, edited by Jansen, Stephan A., Schröter, Eckhard and Stehr, Nico, 243–78. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G. 2016. ‘Whose Recovery?’ Speech given by Andrew G. Haldane, Chief Economist, Bank of England. Bank of England.Google Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G. 2018. ‘How Monetary Policy Affects Your GDP’. 2018 Finch Lecture, University of Melbourne. Bank of EnglandGoogle Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G., Aikman, David, Kapadia, Sujit and Hinterschweiger, Marc. 2017. ‘Rethinking Financial Stability’. Speech given by Andrew G Haldane, Chief Economist, Bank of England, at the ‘Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy IV’ Conference.Google Scholar
Haldane, Andrew G., and May, Robert M.. 2011. ‘Systemic Risk in Banking Ecosystems’. Nature 469 (7330): 351–5.Google Scholar
Hall, Maximilian. 1993. Banking Regulation and Supervision: A Comparative Study of the UK, USA and Japan. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Hall, P. A., and Soskice, D.. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hammond, Bray. 1933. ‘The Banks, the States and the Federal Government’. The American Economic Review 23 (4): 622–36.Google Scholar
Hanley, Anne G. 2005. Native Capital: Financial Institutions and Economic Development in São Paulo, Brazil, 1850–1920. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, Per H. 1994. ‘Production versus Currency: The Danish Central Bank in the 1920s’. In Universal Banking in the Twentieth Century: Finance, Industry and State in North and Central Europe, edited by Gourvish, T. R., Pogány, Ágnes and Teichova, Alice, 59–78. Aldershot: Elgar.Google Scholar
Hardie, Iain, Howarth, David, Maxfield, Sylvia and Verdun, Amy. 2013. ‘Banks and the False Dichotomy in the Comparative Political Economy of Finance’. World Politics 65 (4): 691–728.Google Scholar
Harrington, Brooke. 2016. Capital without Borders: Wealth Managers and the One Percent. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Healy, Andrew, and Malhotra, Neil. 2013. ‘Retrospective Voting Reconsidered’. Annual Review of Political Science 16 (1): 285–306.Google Scholar
Heimlich, Russell. 2010. ‘Was TARP Passed under Bush or Obama?’ Pew Research Center (blog). 10 August 2010. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2010/08/10/was-tarp-passed-under-bush-or-obama/.Google Scholar
Helleiner, Eric. 1994. States and the Reemergence of Global Finance: From Bretton Woods to the 1990s. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Helleiner, Eric. 2003. ‘The Southern Side of Embedded Liberalism: The Politics of Postwar Monetary Policy in the Third World’. In Monetary Orders: Ambiguous Economics, Ubiquitous Politics, edited by Kirshner, Jonathan, 55–77. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hellwig, Timothy. 2008. ‘Globalization, Policy Constraints, and Vote Choice’. The Journal of Politics 70 (4): 1128–41.Google Scholar
Hellwig, Timothy, and Coffey, Eva. 2011. ‘Public Opinion, Party Messages, and Responsibility for the Financial Crisis in Britain’. Electoral Studies, Special Symposium on the Politics of Economic Crisis, 30 (3): 417–26.Google Scholar
Hellwig, Timothy, and Samuels, David. 2007. ‘Voting in Open Economies: The Electoral Consequences of Globalization’. Comparative Political Studies 40 (3): 283–306.Google Scholar
Henisz, Witold J. 2002. ‘The Institutional Environment for Infrastructure Investment’. Industrial and Corporate Change 11 (2): 355–89.Google Scholar
Henisz, Witold J. 2017. ‘POLCON Database’. Management Department. 2017. http://mgmt.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/henisz/.Google Scholar
Herszenhorn, David M. 2008. ‘Bailout Plan Wins Approval; Democrats Vow Tighter Rules’. New York Times, 3 October 2008, sec. Economy.Google Scholar
Herszenhorn, David M., and Hulse, Carl. 2009. ‘Deal Reached in Congress on $787Billion Stimulus Plan’. New York Times, 11 February 2009.Google Scholar
Herszenhorn, David M., and Wyatt, Edward. 2010. ‘Financial Reform Bill Heads to Senate Floor’. New York Times, 28 April, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
Hetherington, Marc J., and Rudolph, Thomas J.. 2015. Why Washington Won’t Work: Polarization, Political Trust, and the Governing Crisis. Chicago Studies in American Politics. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hill, Seth J., Herron, Michael C. and Lewis, Jeffrey B.. 2010. ‘Economic Crisis, Iraq, and Race: A Study of the 2008 Presidential Election’. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 9 (1): 41–62.Google Scholar
Hoenig, Thomas M. 2013. ‘Basel III Capital: A Well-Intended Illusion. Remarks by FDIC Vice Chairman Thomas M. Hoenig to the International Association of Deposit Insurers 2013 Research Conference’. Basel: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Philip T., Postel-Vinay, Gilles and Rosenthal, Jean-Laurent. 2009. Surviving Large Losses: Financial Crises, the Middle Class, and the Development of Capital Markets. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Honohan, Patrick. 2008. ‘Household Financial Assets in the Process of Development’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 271–93. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Honohan, Patrick, and Klingebiel, Daniela. 2000. ‘Controlling the Fiscal Costs of Banking Crises’. Policy Research Working Paper Series 2441. The World Bank.Google Scholar
Honohan, Patrick, and Klingebiel, Daniela. 2003. ‘The Fiscal Cost Implications of an Accommodating Approach to Banking Crises’. Journal of Banking & Finance 27 (8): 1539–60.Google Scholar
Hoover, Herbert. 1930. ‘Herbert Hoover: Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union’. 2 December 1930. www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=22458.Google Scholar
Hopkin, Jonathan, and Viarengo, Martina. 2012. ‘Inequality, Poverty and the 2010 Election’. In Coalition Britain: The UK Election of 2010, edited by Baldini, Gianfranco and Hopkin, Jonathan, 111–30. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
‘House of Commons Debate 14 January 2009’. n.d. www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090114/debtext/90114-0004.htm.Google Scholar
‘House of Commons Debate 19 January 2009’. n.d. www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090119/debtext/90119-0004.htm.Google Scholar
House of Commons Library, United Kingdom. 2013. ‘The History of the Parliamentary Franchise’. Research Paper 13/14.Google Scholar
House of Commons Public Accounts Committee. 2009. ‘The Nationalisation of Northern Rock. Thirty-First Report of Session 2008–09. HC 394’. London: The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
House of Commons Treasury Committee. 2012. ‘The FSA’s Report into the Failure of RBS’. Fifth Report of Session 2012–13. HC 640, Incorporating HC 1780, Session 2010–12. London: The Stationery Office Limited.Google Scholar
House of Commons Treasury Committee, United Kingdom. 2008. ‘The Run on The Rock: HC 56-I’. Fifth Report of Session 2007–8 – Volume I: Report, Together with Formal Minutes. The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Housing Finance Information Network. 2018. ‘Research Centre’. 2018. www.hofinet.org/documents/index.aspx.Google Scholar
Housing Finance Policy Center, Urban Institute. 2017a. ‘Housing Credit Availability Index’. Urban Institute. www.urban.org/policy-centers/housing-finance-policy-center/projects/housing-credit-availability-index.Google Scholar
Housing Finance Policy Center, Urban Institute. 2017b. ‘Housing Finance at a Glance: A Monthly Chartbook, November 2017’. Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Huang, Huaxiang, and Thomas, Ryland. 2016a. ‘The Weekly Balance Sheet of the Bank of England 1844–2006’. Bank of England.Google Scholar
Huang, Huaxiang, and Thomas, Ryland. 2016b. ‘The Ghost of Crises Past, Present and Future: The Bank Charter Act Goes on Trial in 1847’. Bank Underground (blog). 19 December. https://bankunderground.co.uk/2016/12/19/the-ghost-of-crises-past-present-and-future-the-bank-charter-act-goes-on-trial-in-1847/.Google Scholar
Hulse, Carl, and Herszenhorn, David M.. 2008. ‘Defiant House Rejects Huge Bailout; Next Step is Uncertain’. New York Times, 29 September 2008, sec. Business Day.Google Scholar
ICM Research. n.d. ‘State of the Parties’. All Guardian/ICM Poll Results. n.d. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1oHcxlAbkTJmqfOxYQM22cvjjjRf5pETIF30x7L-qybc/edit?usp=embed_facebook.Google Scholar
Ikenberry, G. John. 1992. ‘A World Economy Restored: Expert Consensus and the Anglo-American Postwar Settlement’. International Organization 46 (1): 289–321.Google Scholar
Illueca, Manuel, Norden, Lars and Udell, Gregory F.. 2014. ‘Liberalization and Risk-Taking: Evidence from Government-Controlled Banks’. Review of Finance 18 (4): 1217–57.Google Scholar
Ilzetzki, Ethan, Reinhart, Carmen M. and Rogoff, Kenneth S.. 2017. ‘Exchange Arrangements Entering the 21st Century: Which Anchor Will Hold?’ Working Paper 23134. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. 2016. ‘Trump, Brexit, and the Rise of Populism: Economic Have-Nots and Cultural Backlash’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2818659. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Ingves, Stefan, Lind, Göran, Shirakawa, Masaaki, Caruana, Jaime and Martínez, Guillermo Ortiz. 2009. Lessons Learned from Previous Banking Crises: Sweden, Japan, Spain, and Mexico. Group of Thirty Occasional Paper 79. Washington DC: Group of Thirty.Google Scholar
Institute for International Finance. 2011. ‘The Cumulative Impact on the Global Economy of Changes in the Financial Regulatory Framework’. Institute for International Finance. www.iif.com/system/files/nciseptember2011.pdf.Google Scholar
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2018. ‘20th Century Statistics: Economic Statistics, Currency and Credit’. https://seculoxx.ibge.gov.br/economicas/moeda-e-credito.Google Scholar
International Labor Organization. n.d. ‘Brazil’. www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/documents/publication/wcms_161276.pdf.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2009. ‘IMF Global Financial Stability Report: Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks’. April. IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2013. ‘Brazil: Technical Note on Consumer Credit Growth and Household Financial Stress’. IMF Country Report 13/149. Washington DC: IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2014. ‘From Banking to Sovereign Stress – Implications For Public Debt’. Policy Papers. IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2017a. ‘Kingdom of the Netherlands – Netherlands: Financial Sector Assessment Program’. Technical Note – Macroprudential Policy Framework. IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2017b. ‘Global Financial Stability Report, October 2017: Getting the Policy Mix Right’. IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2017c. ‘Global Financial Stability Report, October 2017: Is Growth at Risk?’ IMF.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, and Financial Stability Board. 2009. ‘Guidance to Assess the Systemic Importance of Financial Institutions, Markets and Instruments: Initial Considerations’. 7 November.Google Scholar
International Organisation of Pension Supervisors. 2017. ‘Member Country Profiles’. www.iopsweb.org/researchbycountry/.Google Scholar
International Social Security Association. 2017. ‘Social Security Country Profiles – ISSA.’ www.issa.int/en_GB/country-profiles. Last accessed 4 December 2017.Google Scholar
Investment Company Institute. 2018. ‘Worldwide Regulated Open-End Fund Assets and Flows, Fourth Quarter 2017’. 27 March. www.ici.org/research/stats/worldwide/ww_q4_17.Google Scholar
Jabłecki, Juliusz, and Machaj, Mateusz. 2009. ‘The Regulated Meltdown of 2008’. Critical Review 21 (2–3): 301–28.Google Scholar
Jackson, Kenneth T. 1980. ‘Race, Ethnicity, and Real Estate Appraisal: The Home Owners Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Administration’. Journal of Urban History 6 (4): 419–52.Google Scholar
Jacobe, Dennis. 2008. ‘Six in 10 Oppose Wall Street Bailouts’. Gallup.Com. 3 April. http://news.gallup.com/poll/106114/Six-Oppose-Wall-Street-Bailouts.aspx.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Alan M. 2010. ‘Policymaking as Political Constraint: Institutional Development in the U.S. Social Security Program’. In Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power, edited by Mahoney, James and Thelen, Kathleen Ann, 94–131. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary C. 2010. ‘George W. Bush, the Iraq War, and the Election of Barack Obama’. Presidential Studies Quarterly 40 (2): 207–24.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary C. 2011. ‘The Republican Resurgence in 2010’. Political Science Quarterly 126 (1): 27–52.Google Scholar
Jaevicius, Arvydas, Huston, Simon and Baum, Andrew. 2015. ‘Two Centuries of Farmland Prices in England’. Oxford Saïd Research Paper. 5 August.Google Scholar
Jahn, Detlef. 2011. ‘The Veto Player Approach in Macro-Comparative Politics: Concepts and Measurement’. In Reform Processes and Policy Change, 43–68. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Jalil, Andrew J. 2014. ‘Monetary Intervention Really Did Mitigate Banking Panics during the Great Depression: Evidence along the Atlanta Federal Reserve District Border’. The Journal of Economic History 74 (1): 259–73.Google Scholar
James, Estelle, and Brooks, Sarah. 2001. ‘The Political Economy of Structural Pension Reform’. In New Ideas about Old Age Security, edited by Holzmann, Robert and Stiglitz, Joseph, 133–70. Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
James, Harold. 1991. ‘Introduction’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 1–12. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
James, Harold. 2009. The Creation and Destruction of Value: The Globalization Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Jaremski, Matthew, and Rousseau, Peter L.. 2018. ‘The Dawn of an “Age of Deposits” in the United States’. Journal of Banking & Finance 87 (Supplement C): 264–81.Google Scholar
Johnson, Louis, and Williamson, Samuel H.. 2017. ‘“What Was the U.S. GDP Then?” Measuring Worth’. https://measuringworth.com/usgdp12/.Google Scholar
Johnson, Simon, and Kwak, James. 2010. 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Jones, Bryan D. 2005. The Politics of Attention: How Government Prioritizes Problems. Chicago, IL, and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Bryan D., and Baumgartner, Frank R.. 2012. ‘From There to Here: Punctuated Equilibrium to the General Punctuation Thesis to a Theory of Government Information Processing’. Policy Studies Journal, 40(1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00431.x.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Richter, Björn, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2017. ‘Bank Capital Redux: Solvency, Liquidity, and Crisis’. Working Paper 23287. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2013. ‘When Credit Bites Back’. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 45 (s2): 3–28.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2014. ‘The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises, and Business Cycles’. w20501. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2015. ‘Leveraged Bubbles’. Journal of Monetary Economics, Supplement Issue: 7–8 November 2014 Research Conference on ‘Asset Price Fluctuations and Economic Policy’, 76, Supplement (December): S1–20.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2016. ‘The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises and Business Cycles’. Economic Policy, 85 (January): 107–40.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan M.. 2017. ‘Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts’. In NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2016, edited by Eichenbaum, Martin and Parker, Jonathan A.. Volume 31. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jordà, Òscar, Taylor, Alan and Schularick, Moritz. 2014. ‘The Great Mortgaging’. VoxEU.Org (blog). 12 October 2014. http://voxeu.org/article/great-mortgaging.Google Scholar
Jordan, William. 2015. ‘Americans No Longer Want “More” Financial Regulation’. YouGov: What the World Thinks (blog). 23 January 2015. //today.yougov.com/news/2015/01/23/americans-no-longer-want-more-financial-regulation/.Google Scholar
Jordana, Jacint, Levi-Faur, David and Fernández-i-Marín, Xavier. 2011. ‘The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies: Channels of Transfer and Stages of Diffusion’. Comparative Political Studies 44 (10): 1343–69.Google Scholar
Jornal do Brasil. 1986. ‘O Absurdo Problema dos Bancos Estaduais’. Jornal do Brasil, 13 October.Google Scholar
Kahler, Miles, and Lake, David A., eds. 2013. Politics in the New Hard Times: The Great Recession in Comparative Perspective. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, and Tversky, Amos. 1984. ‘Choices, Values, and Frames’. American Psychologist 39 (4): 341–50.Google Scholar
Kalleberg, Arne L. 2009. ‘Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition’. American Sociological Review 74 (1): 1–22.Google Scholar
Kamm, Thomas, and Michaels, Julia. 1991. ‘Brazil Picks a New Economics Minister Who Is Likely to Back Orthodox Policies’. Wall Street Journal, 10 May.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Ethan B. 1996. Governing the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Katznelson, Ira. 2006. When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America. Reprint edition. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, Dennis, and Cowley, Philip. 2010. The British General Election of 2010. Basingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kay, John A. 2015. Other People’s Money: Masters of the Universe or Servants of the People? London: Profile Books.Google Scholar
Kayser, Mark Andreas, and Peress, Michael. 2012. ‘Benchmarking across Borders: Electoral Accountability and the Necessity of Comparison’. American Political Science Review 106 (3): 661–84.Google Scholar
Keefer, Philip. 2007. ‘Elections, Special Interests, and Financial Crisis’. International Organization 61 (3): 607–41.Google Scholar
Keeler, John T. S. 1993. ‘Opening the Window for Reform: Mandates, Crises, and Extraordinary Policy-Making’. Comparative Political Studies 25 (4): 433–86.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Susan Estabrook. 1973. The Banking Crisis of 1933. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar
Kern, Andreas, and Amri, Puspa Delima. 2016. ‘Political Credit Cycles – Myth or Reality?’ SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2865817. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Kessler-Harris, Alice. 2003. In Pursuit of Equity: Women, Men, and the Quest for Economic Citizenship in 20th-Century America. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kiel, Paul. 2013. ‘Bank of America Lied to Homeowners and Rewarded Foreclosures’. ProPublica. 14 June. www.propublica.org/article/bank-of-america-lied-to-homeowners-and-rewarded-foreclosures.Google Scholar
Kimber, Richard. 2017. ‘United Kingdom Politics Resources’. Richard Kimber’s Political Science Resources. www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/man.htm.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles Poor, and Aliber, Robert Z.. 2011. Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. Basingstoke and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
King, Mervyn A. 2016. The End of Alchemy: Money, Banking and the Future of the Global Economy. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Klott, Gary. 1988. ‘Interest Deductions Limited by Maze of New Regulations’. New York Times, 12 February.Google Scholar
Knoll, Katharina, Schularick, Moritz and Steger, Thomas. 2017. ‘No Price Like Home: Global House Prices, 1870–2012’. American Economic Review 107 (2): 331–53.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Sverre. 1994. ‘Norwegian Banks and the Legacy of the Interwar Years’. In Universal Banking in the Twentieth Century: Finance, Industry and State in North and Central Europe, edited by Gourvish, T. R., Pogány, Ágnes and Teichova, Alice, 77–95. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Krippner, Greta R. 2005. ‘The Financialization of the American Economy’. Socio-Economic Review 3 (2): 173–208.Google Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S. 1998. ‘Is It Better to Forgive than to Receive? Repudiation of the Gold Indexation Clause in Long-Term Debt during the Great Depression’. CRSP Working Paper. Center for Research in Security Prices, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Moritz, Schularick, Moritz and Steins, Ulrike. 2017. ‘Income and Wealth Inequality in America, 1949–2013’. CEPR Discussion Paper 20547-1502139867. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.Google Scholar
La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-De-Silanes, Florencio and Shleifer, Andrei. 2002. ‘Government Ownership of Banks’. The Journal of Finance 57 (1): 265–301.Google Scholar
Laeven, Luc, and Valencia, Fabián. 2008. ‘Systemic Banking Crises: A New Database’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1278435. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Laeven, Luc, and Valencia, Fabián. 2013. ‘Systemic Banking Crises Database’. IMF Economic Review 61 (2): 225–70.Google Scholar
Landler, Mark. 2008. ‘U.S. Investing $250 Billion in Banks’. New York Times, 13 October, sec. Economy.Google Scholar
Langley, Paul. 2009. The Everyday Life of Global Finance: Saving and Borrowing in Anglo-America. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Larsson, Mats. 1991. ‘State, Banks and Industry in Sweden, with Some Reference to the Scandinavian Countries’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 80–103. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Latinobarómetro. n.d. ‘Latinobarómetro Database’. www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp.Google Scholar
Lavinas de Morais, Lena. 2017. The Takeover of Social Policy by Financialization: The Brazilian Paradox. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Leahy, Joe. 2015. ‘BNDES: Lender of First Resort for Brazil’s Tycoons’. Financial Times, 11 January.Google Scholar
Lee, Neil, Morris, Katy and Kemeny, Thomas. 2018. ‘Immobility and the Brexit Vote’. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 11 (1): 143–63.Google Scholar
Lees, Francis A., Botts, James M. and Cysne, Rubens Penha. 1990. Banking and Financial Deepening in Brazil. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Léon, Florian. 2017a. ‘Credit Structure Database’. https://sites.google.com/site/florianleon/research/data.Google Scholar
Léon, Florian. 2017b. ‘Convergence of Credit Structure around the World’. Economic Modelling, August.Google Scholar
Leuchtenburg, William E. 2009. Herbert Hoover: The American Presidents Series: The 31st President, 1929–1933. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. Arthur. 1950. The Principles of Economic Planning: A Study Prepared for the Fabian Society. London: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Evan S., ed. 2003. ‘The Rise of the Modern Tax State in Brazil and South Africa’. In Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa, 106–72. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lindert, Peter H. 1986. ‘Unequal English Wealth since 1670’. Journal of Political Economy 94 (6): 1127–62.Google Scholar
Lindert, Peter H. 2017. ‘The Rise and Future of Progressive Redistribution’. Working Paper 73. Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Institute, Tulane University.Google Scholar
Lindgren, Carl J. 2005. ‘Pitfalls in Managing Closures of Financial Institutions’. In Systemic Financial Crises: Containment and Resolution, edited by Honohan, Patrick and Laeven, Luc, 76–108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lindvall, Johnannes. 2012. ‘Politics and Policies in Two Economic Crises: The Nordic Countries’. In Coping with Crisis: Government Reactions to the Great Recession, edited by Bermeo, Nancy Gina and Pontusson, Jonas, 233–60. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Littrell, Jill, Brooks, Fred, Ivery, Jan and Ohmer, Mary. 2010. ‘Why You Should Care about the Threatened Middle Class’. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare 37 (2): 85–112.Google Scholar
Lodge, Martin, and Wegrich, Kai. 2011. ‘Arguing about Financial Regulation: Comparing National Discourses on the Global Financial Crisis’. PS: Political Science & Politics 44 (4): 726–30.Google Scholar
Long, William R. 1990. ‘Brazilians Stay Wary of Collor’s Inflation Cure: Economy: President’s Plan Put an Immediate Halt to Soaring Prices. Now Consumers, Merchants and Laborers Await the Long-Term Consequences’. Los Angeles Times, 17 June.Google Scholar
Love, Joseph L. 1970. ‘Political Participation in Brazil, 1881–1969’. Luso-Brazilian Review 7 (2): 3–24.Google Scholar
Lucas, Deborah. 2017. ‘Valuing the GSEs’ Government Support’. Shadow Open Market Committee and E21 Manhattan Institute memo. http://shadowfed.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/LucasSOMC-May2017.pdf.Google Scholar
Lupia, Arthur. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Macey, Jonathan R., and Miller, Geoffrey P.. 1992. ‘Double Liability of Bank Shareholders: History and Implications’. Wake Forest Law Review 31.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Andrew J. 2003. The Power of Institutions: Political Architecture and Governance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Maddison Project. 2013. ‘New Maddison Project Database, 2013 Version’. The Maddison-Project. www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data.htm.Google Scholar
Mahler, Vincent. 2008. ‘Electoral Turnout and Income Redistribution by the State: A Cross-National Analysis of the Developed Democracies’. European Journal of Political Research 47 (2): 161–83.Google Scholar
Mahler, Vincent, Jesuit, David and Paradowski, Piotr R.. 2014. ‘Electoral Turnout and State Redistribution: A Cross-National Study of Fourteen Developed Countries’. Political Research Quarterly 67 (June): 361–73.Google Scholar
Maia, Geraldo. 1999. ‘Restructuring the Banking System – the Case of Brazil’. BIS Policy Papers 6. Bank of International Settlements.Google Scholar
Malik, Sheheryar, and TengTeng, Xu. 2017. ‘Interconnectedness of Global Systemically-Important Banks and Insurers’. International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Mann, Thomas E. 2010. ‘American Politics on the Eve of the Mid-Term Elections: Fall from Grace’. The World Today 66 (11): 20–2.Google Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D., and Milner, Helen V.. 2012. Votes, Vetoes, and the Political Economy of International Trade Agreements. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., Gurr, Ted Robert and Jaggers, Keith. 2017. ‘POLITY IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2016’. Vienna: Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Martin, Randy. 2002. Financialization of Daily Life. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Martinez-Diaz, Leonardo. 2009. Globalizing in Hard Times: The Politics of Banking-Sector Opening in the Emerging World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Maues, Julia. 2013. ‘Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall)’. Federal Reserve History. 22 November. www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/glass_steagall_act.Google Scholar
Mauro, Paolo, Romeu, Rafael, Binder, Ariel J. and Zaman, Asad. 2013. ‘A Modern History of Fiscal Prudence and Profligacy’. Working Paper 13/5. International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Maxfield, Sylvia. 1997. Gatekeepers of Growth: The International Political Economy of Central Banking in Developing Countries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mazur, Christopher, and Ellen, Wilson. 2011. ‘Housing Characteristics: 2010, 2010 Census Briefs C2010BR-07’. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau.Google Scholar
McCain, John, and Palin, Sarah. 2008. ‘We’ll Protect Taxpayers from More Bailouts’. Wall Street Journal, 9 September.Google Scholar
McCarty, Nolan, Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 2013. Political Bubbles: Financial Crises and the Failure of American Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McCarty, Nolan, Poole, Keith T. and Rosenthal, Howard. 2015. Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches. 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McCloud, Laura, and Dwyer, Rachel E.. 2011. ‘The Fragile American: Hardship and Financial Troubles in the 21st Century’. Sociological Quarterly 52 (1): 13–35.Google Scholar
McCulley, Richard T. 1992. Banks and Politics during the Progressive Era: The Origins of the Federal Reserve System, 1897–1913. New York, NY, and London: Garland.Google Scholar
McGhee, Eric. 2010. ‘Which Roll Call Votes Hurt the Democrats?’ The Monkey Cage (blog). 9 November. http://themonkeycage.org/2010/11/which_roll_call_votes_hurt_the/.Google Scholar
Meltzer, Allan H. 2010. A History of the Federal Reserve. Volume 1: 1913–1951. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Merler, Silvia. 2016. ‘Italy’s Bail-in Headache’. Bruegel Blog Post (blog). 19 July. http://bruegel.org/2016/07/italys-bail-in-headache/.Google Scholar
Merler, Silvia. 2017. ‘A Tangled Tale of Bank Liquidation in Venice’. Bruegel Blog Post (blog). 26 June. http://bruegel.org/2017/06/a-tangled-tale-of-bank-liquidation-in-venice/.Google Scholar
Mettenheim, Kurt von. 2006. ‘Still the Century of Government Savings Banks? The Caixa Econômica Federal’. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 26 (1): 39–57.Google Scholar
Mettenheim, Kurt von. 2015. Monetary Statecraft in Brazil: 1808–2014. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mezarobba, Glenda. 1995. ‘Expropriations Reach More Banks’. Folha de São Paulo, 16 August.Google Scholar
Mian, Atif, and Sufi, Amir. 2014a. House of Debt: How They (and You) Caused the Great Recession, and How We Can Prevent It from Happening Again. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mian, Atif, and Sufi, Amir. 2014b. ‘Why Tim Geithner Is Wrong on Homeowner Debt Relief’. Washington Post, 14 May, sec. Wonkblog. www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/05/14/why-tim-geithner-is-wrong-on-homeowner-debt-relief/.Google Scholar
Mian, Atif, Sufi, Amir and Trebbi, Francesco. 2013. ‘The Political Economy of the Subprime Mortgage Credit Expansion’. Quarterly Journal of Political Science 8 (4): 373–408.Google Scholar
Mian, Atif, Sufi, Amir and Trebbi, Francesco. 2014. ‘Resolving Debt Overhang: Political Constraints in the Aftermath of Financial Crises’. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 6 (2): 1–28.Google Scholar
Miles, David, Yang, Jing and Marcheggiano, Gilberto. 2013. ‘Optimal Bank Capital’. The Economic Journal 123 (567): 1–37.Google Scholar
Minsky, Hyman P. 1992. ‘The Financial Instability Hypothesis’. Economics Working Paper Archive 74. Annandale, NY: Levy Economics Institute.Google Scholar
Mishkin, Frederic S., and Eakins, Stanley. 2014. Financial Markets and Institutions. 8th edn. Boston, IL, Columbus, OH, and Indianapolis, IN: Pearson.Google Scholar
Mishkin, Frederic S., and White, Eugene N.. 2016. ‘Unprecedented Actions: The Federal Reserve’s Response to the Global Financial Crisis in Historical Perspective’. In The Federal Reserve’s Role in the Global Economy: A Historical Perspective, edited by Bordo, Michael D. and Wynne, Mark A., 220–58. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mitch, David. 2004. ‘Education and Skill of the British Labour Force’. In The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain. Volume 1: Industrialisation, 1700–1860, edited by Floud, Roderick and Johnson, Paul, 332–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchener, Kris James, and Richardson, Gary. 2013. ‘Does “Skin in the Game” Reduce Risk Taking? Leverage, Liability and the Long-Run Consequences of New Deal Banking Reforms’. Explorations in Economic History 50 (4): 508–25.Google Scholar
Moen, Jon, and Tallman, Ellis W.. 1992. ‘The Bank Panic of 1907: The Role of Trust Companies’. The Journal of Economic History 52 (3): 611–30.Google Scholar
Moore, Barrington Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Moore, John L. 1985. Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections. 2nd edn. Washington DC: Congressional Quarterly, Inc.Google Scholar
Morales, Lymari. 2008. ‘Initial Bailout Falling Out of Favor With Americans’. Gallup.Com. 9 December. http://news.gallup.com/poll/113047/Americans-Falling-Favor-Initial-Bailout.aspx.Google Scholar
Morin, Rich, and Taylor, Paul. 2009. ‘Different Age Groups, Different Recessions’. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project (blog). 14 May.Google Scholar
Mounk, Yascha. 2018. The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Muellbauer, John. 2008. ‘Housing and Personal Wealth in a Global Context’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 293–311. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Musacchio, Aldo. 2009. Experiments in Financial Democracy: Corporate Governance and Financial Development in Brazil, 1882–1950. New York, NY, and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1968. Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. New York, NY: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Nakane, Marcio, and Weintraub, Daniela B.. 2005. ‘Bank Privatization and Productivity: Evidence for Brazil’. Journal of Banking & Finance 29 (8–9): 2259–89.Google Scholar
National Audit Office (UK). 2009a. ‘HM Treasury: The Nationalisation of Northern Rock’. National Audit Office. www.nao.org.uk/report/hm-treasury-the-nationalisation-of-northern-rock/.Google Scholar
National Audit Office (UK). 2009b. ‘Maintaining Financial Stability across the United Kingdom’s Banking System’. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General HC 91. National Audit Office.Google Scholar
National Audit Office (UK). 2010. ‘HM Treasury: Maintaining the Financial Stability of UK Banks: Update on the Support Schemes’. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General HC 676 Session 2010–2011. London: The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
National Bank of Canada. 2018. ‘Special Report: Is Canada’s Household Leverage Too High – or on the Low Side?’ National Bank of Canada.Google Scholar
National Bureau of Economic Research. n.d. ‘Unemployment Rate for United States’. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M0892AUSM156SNBR.Google Scholar
National Bureau of Economic Research. n.d. ‘NBER Macrohistory: X. Savings and Investment’. n.d. www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html.Google Scholar
Neri, Marcelo C. 1995. ‘Sobre a Mensuração dos Salários Reais em Alta Inflação’. Pesquisa e Planejamento Econômico 25 (3): 497–525.Google Scholar
Ness, Walter L. Jr. 2000. ‘Reducing Government Bank Presence in the Brazilian Financial System: Why and How’. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 40 (1): 71–84.Google Scholar
Nesvetailova, Anastasia, and Palan, Ronen. 2013. ‘Minsky in the Shadows: Securitization, Ponzi Finance, and the Crisis of Northern Rock’. Review of Radical Political Economics 45 (3): 349–68.Google Scholar
Neuhaus, Paulo. 1974. ‘A Monetary History of Brazil, 1900–1945’. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
New York Times. 2007. ‘BNP Paribas Freezes Funds over Subprime Plunge’. New York Times, 9 August, sec. International Business.Google Scholar
New York Times. 2008. ‘President Bush’s Speech to the Nation on the Economic Crisis’. New York Times, 24 September, sec. Economy.Google Scholar
North, Douglass C., and Thomas, Robert Paul. 1973. The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, Douglass C., and Weingast, Barry R.. 1989. ‘Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England’. The Journal of Economic History 49 (4): 803–32.Google Scholar
Oatley, Thomas. 2004. ‘Why Is Stabilization Sometimes Delayed? Reevaluating the Regime-Type Hypothesis’. Comparative Political Studies 37 (3): 286–312.Google Scholar
OECD. 2014. ‘OECD Health Statistics 2014: How Does Brazil Compare?’ OECD Health Systems Briefing Note. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
OECD. 2015a. ‘Pensions at a Glance 2015 – OECD and G20 Indicators’. www.oecd.org/publications/oecd-pensions-at-a-glance-19991363.htm.Google Scholar
OECD. 2017. ‘General Government Deficit (Indicator)’. https://data.oecd.org/gga/general-government-deficit.htm.Google Scholar
OECD. 2018. ‘Household Financial Assets (Indicator)’. https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-financial-assets.htm#indicator-chart.Google Scholar
Offer, Avner. 1991. ‘Farm Tenure and Land Values in England, c. 1750–1950’. Economic History Review 44 (1): 1–20.Google Scholar
Offer, Avner. 2014. ‘Narrow Banking, Real Estate, and Financial Stability in the UK, c. 1870–2010’. In British Financial Crises since 1825’, edited by Dimsdale, Nicholas and Hotson, Anthony, 158–73. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2013. ‘A Century of Home Ownership and Renting in England and Wales’. UK Government Web Archive – The National Archives. 19 April.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2014. ‘Pension Trends: Compendium’. ONS. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/investmentspensionsandtrusts/compendium/pensiontrends/2014-11-28.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2016a. ‘Balance Sheet Estimates (Economic Trends, 1980 and 1981)’. 12 January. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/uksectoraccounts/datasets/balancesheetestimateseconomictrends1980and1981.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2016b. ‘Charts and Figures for Historical Estimates of Financial Accounts and Balance Sheets Article’. 12 January. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/uksectoraccounts/datasets/chartsandfiguresforhistoricalestimatesoffinancialaccountsandbalancesheetsarticle.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2016c. ‘Pre-ESA95 Financial Accounts and Balance Sheets’. 12 January. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/uksectoraccounts/datasets/preesa95financialaccountsandbalancesheets.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2016d. ‘Occupational Pension Schemes Survey, UK: 2015’. 22 September. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/pensionssavingsandinvestments/bulletins/occupationalpensionschemessurvey/2015.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2017a. ‘Time Series: PS: Net Debt (Excluding Public Sector Banks) as a % of GDP: NSA’. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/publicsectorfinance/timeseries/hf6x/pusf.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. 2017b. ‘Household Disposable Income and Inequality in the UK’. ONS. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/personalandhouseholdfinances/incomeandwealth/bulletins/householddisposableincomeandinequality/financialyearending2016.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. n.d., a. ‘Employment and Labour Market’. www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics. n.d., b. ‘Time Series: Gross Domestic Product: Quarter on Quarter Growth: CVM SA %’. Last accessed 1 August 2017. www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/ihyq.Google Scholar
Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program. 2009. ‘Sigtarp: Quarterly Report to Congress, July 21 2009’. Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program.Google Scholar
O’Gorman, Frank. 1997. The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History, 1688–1832. New York, NY: Arnold.Google Scholar
Ohlsson, Henry, Roine, Jesper and Waldenström, Daniel. 2008. ‘Long‐Run Changes in the Concentration of Wealth: An Overview of Recent Findings’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 112–33. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Olson, James S. 1972. ‘The End of Voluntarism: Herbert Hoover and the National Credit Corporation’. The Annals of Iowa 41 (6): 1104–13.Google Scholar
Olson, James S. 1988. Saving Capitalism: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the New Deal, 1933–1940. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Olsson, Ulf. 1991. ‘Comparing the Interwar Banking History of Five Small Countries in North-West Europe’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 26–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Orbell, John, and Turton, Alison. 2001. British Banking: A Guide to Historical Records. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Social Security Association, and International Organisation of Pension Supervisors. 2008. Complementary and Private Pensions throughout the World 2008. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/book/9789264048829-en.Google Scholar
Page, Benjamin I., and Shapiro, Robert Y.. 1983. ‘Effects of Public Opinion on Policy’. American Political Science Review 77 (1): 175–90.Google Scholar
Paiva Abreu, Marcelo de, and Werneck, Rogério. 2008. ‘The Brazilian Economy, 1994–2004: An Interim Assessment’. In The Cambridge History of Latin America. Volume 9: Brazil since 1930, edited by Bethell, Leslie: 431–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pallares-Miralles, Montserrat, Whitehouse, Edward and Romero, Carolina. 2012. ‘International Patterns of Pension Provision II: A Worldwide Overview of Facts and Figures’. 70319. The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/143611468168560687/International-patterns-of-pension-provision-II-a-worldwide-overview-of-facts-and-figures.Google Scholar
Parker, George, and Pickard, Jim. 2009. ‘Myners Rejects Bank Nationalisation’. Financial Times. 21 January.Google Scholar
Patch, B. W. 1935. ‘The R.F.C. under Hoover and Roosevelt. Editorial Research Reports 1935, Vol. II’. Washington DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Pattie, Charles, Dorling, Daniel and Johnston, Ron. 1995. ‘A Debt-Owing Democracy: The Political Impact of Housing Market Recession at the British General Election of 1992’. Urban Studies 32 (8): 1293–1315.Google Scholar
Paul, Ellen F. 1980. ‘Laissez Faire in Nineteenth-Century Britain: A Bibliographical Essay’. Washington DC: Cato Institute.Google Scholar
Paulson, Henry M. 2010. On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System. New York, NY: Business Plus.Google Scholar
Pavesi, Fabio. 2017. ‘Ecco le 114 Banche Italiane a Rischio per le Sofferenze’. Il Sole 24 ORE, 25 March.Google Scholar
Pearce, Malcolm, and Stewart, Geoffrey. 2002. British Political History, 1867–2001: Democracy and Decline. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pearson, Samantha. 2012. ‘Brazil Liquidates Two Banks amid Slowdown’. Financial Times, 14 September.Google Scholar
Pelosi, Nancy. 2008. Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008. www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/3221/all-actions.Google Scholar
Pepinsky, Thomas B. 2012. ‘The Global Economic Crisis and the Politics of Non-Transitions’. Government and Opposition 47 (2): 135–61.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2008. ‘Obama Seen as Better Able to Address Crisis; 57% of Public Favors Wall Street Bailout’. Washington DC. http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/legacy-pdf/452.pdf.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2013. ‘Economies of Emerging Markets Better Rated during Difficult Times’. www.pewglobal.org/2013/05/23/chapter-3-inequality-and-economic-mobility/.Google Scholar
Philippon, Thomas, and Reshef, Ariell. 2012. ‘Wages and Human Capital in the U.S. Finance Industry: 1909–2006’. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127 (4): 1551–1609.Google Scholar
Pierson, Paul. 1996. ‘The New Politics of the Welfare State’. World Politics 48 (2): 143–79.Google Scholar
Piketty, Thomas, and Saez, Emmanuel. 2014. ‘Inequality in the Long Run’. Science 344 (6186): 838–43.Google Scholar
Piketty, Thomas, and Zucman, Gabriel. 2014. ‘Capital Is Back: Wealth-Income Ratios in Rich Countries 1700–2010’. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (3): 1255–310.Google Scholar
Piketty, Thomas, and Zucman, Gabriel. 2015. ‘Wealth and Inheritance in the Long Run’. In Handbook of Income Distribution, edited by Atkinson, Anthony B. and Bourguignon, François, 1303–68. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Pirrong, Craig. 2009. ‘AIG Bailout: A Goldman Rescue in Drag?’ Seeking Alpha. 22 November. https://seekingalpha.com/article/174686-aig-bailout-a-goldman-rescue-in-drag.Google Scholar
PM Special Podcast on the Financial Stability Programme. n.d. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KQXwwbCSLo. Last accessed 17 July 2017.Google Scholar
Political Database of the Americas. 1999. ‘Brazil: Municipal Elections of 1996 – State Capitals’. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Brazil/96first.html.Google Scholar
Popkin, Samuel L. 1994. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Powdthavee, Nattavudh, and Oswald, Andrew. 2016. ‘Does Money Make People Right-Wing and Inegalitarian? A Longitudinal Study of Lottery Winners’. PIER Discussion Paper 16. Bangkok: Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.Google Scholar
Powell, G. Bingham, and Whitten, Guy D.. 1993. ‘A Cross-National Analysis of Economic Voting: Taking Account of the Political Context’. American Journal of Political Science 37 (2): 391–414.Google Scholar
Pressnell, L. S. 1956. Country Banking in the Industrial Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Pressnell, L. S. 1968. ‘Gold Reserves, Banking Reserves, and the Baring Crisis of 1890’. In Essays in Money and Banking: Essays in Honour of R. S. Sayers’, edited by Whittlesey, C. R. and Wilson, J. S. G., 167–228. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Preston, Howard H. 1933. ‘The Banking Act of 1933’. The American Economic Review 23 (4): 585–607.Google Scholar
Pruzan, Jeff. 2008. ‘Timeline: Bear Stearns’ Year of Turmoil’. Financial Times, 14 March.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 2009. ‘Conquered or Granted? A History of Suffrage Extensions’. British Journal of Political Science 39 (2): 291–321.Google Scholar
Pugh, Colin. 2009. ‘Brazil – Regulation and Supervision of Closed Pension Funds’. Presented to the IOPS/OECD Global Forum, October, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Pugh, Colin, and Pinheiro, Ricardo Pena. 2009. ‘Brazilian System of Pension Funds in the Context of the International Environment’. Presented to the Global Forum of IOPS, October, Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Quaglia, Lucia. 2009. ‘The “British Plan” as a Pace-Setter: The Europeanization of Banking Rescue Plans in the EU?’ Journal of Common Market Studies 47 (5): 1063–83.Google Scholar
Quennouëlle-Corre, Laure. 2016. ‘State and Finance’. In The Oxford Handbook of Banking and Financial History, edited by Cassis, Youssef, Grossman, Richard S. and Schenk, Catherine R., 420–36. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rajan, Raghuram. 2010. Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rawnsley, Andrew. 2010. ‘The Weekend Gordon Brown Saved the Banks from the Abyss’. The Observer, 21 February, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
RealClearPolitics. n.d. ‘General Election 2008 – McCain vs. Obama’. /epolls/2008/president/us/general_election_mccain_vs_obama-225.html.Google Scholar
Reinhart, Carmen M. 2010. ‘This Time Is Different Chartbook: Country Histories on Debt, Default, and Financial Crises’. Working Paper 15815. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Reinhart, Carmen M., and Rogoff, Kenneth S.. 2009. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Reinhart, Carmen M., Rogoff, Kenneth and Savastano, Miguel A.. 2003. ‘Debt Intolerance’. NBER Working Paper 9908. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.Google Scholar
Reis, Adacir, and Paixão, Leonardo André. 2004. ‘Private Pensions in Brazil’. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Restoy, Fernando. 2018. ‘Bail-In in The New Bank Resolution Framework: Is There an Issue With the Middle Class?’ Basel: Bank for International Settlements.Google Scholar
Revell, Jack, Moyle, John J. and Hockley, Graham C.. 1967. The Wealth of the Nation: The National Balance Sheet of the United Kingdom, 1957–1961. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Richardson, Gary. 2013. ‘Banking Panics of 1930–31’. Federal Reserve History. 22 November. www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/banking_panics_1930_31.Google Scholar
Richardson, Gary, and Troost, William. 2009. ‘Monetary Intervention Mitigated Banking Panics during the Great Depression: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from a Federal Reserve District Border, 1929–1933’. Journal of Political Economy 117 (6): 1031–73.Google Scholar
Ridings, Eugene. 1994. Business Interest Groups in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Robb, Victoria. 1997. ‘The Genesis of Regulation’. Bank of England Financial Stability Review 3: 29–41.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard. 2013a. Saving the City: The Great Financial Crisis of 1914. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard. 2013b. ‘The Impact of Crises on Savings Banks Institutions in the United Kingdom’. ESBG Perspectives No. 66. European Savings and Retail Banking Group.Google Scholar
Rodden, Jonathan A. 2006. Hamilton’s Paradox: The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rodems, Richard, and Luke Shaefer, H.. 2016. ‘Left Out: Policy Diffusion and the Exclusion of Black Workers from Unemployment Insurance’. Social Science History 40 (3): 385–404.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés. 2018. ‘The Revenge of the Places That Don’t Matter (And What to Do about It)’. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 11 (1): 189–209.Google Scholar
Rodrik, Dani. 2012. The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and Democracy Can’t Coexist. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Romer, Christina, and Romer, David. 1999. ‘Monetary Policy and the Well-Being of the Poor’. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.Google Scholar
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. 1932. ‘Acceptance Speech at the Democratic Convention, Chicago, July 2, 1932’. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu.ws/?pid=75174.Google Scholar
Rosas, Guillermo. 2006. ‘Bagehot or Bailout? An Analysis of Government Responses to Banking Crises’. American Journal of Political Science 50 (1): 175–91.Google Scholar
Rosas, Guillermo. 2009. Curbing Bailouts: Bank Crises and Democratic Accountability in Comparative Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Ross, Duncan. 2013. ‘Savings Bank Depositors in a Crisis: Glasgow 1847 and 1857’. Financial History Review 20 (2): 183–208.Google Scholar
Roth, Kenneth. 2017. ‘The Dangerous Rise of Populism: Global Attacks on Human Rights Values’. In Human Rights Watch World Report 2017, 1–17. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Rudnitsky, Jake, and Baraulina, Anna. 2017. ‘The Russian Banking Analyst Who Predicted Deluge of Bailouts’. Bloomberg.Com, 21 September. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-21/the-russian-banking-analyst-who-predicted-a-deluge-of-bailouts.Google Scholar
Ruggie, John Gerard. 1982. ‘International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order’. International Organization 36 (2): 379–415.Google Scholar
Saad, Lydia. 2010. ‘Among Recent Bills, Financial Reform a Lone Plus for Congress’. Gallup.Com. September 13, 2010. http://news.gallup.com/poll/142967/Among-Recent-Bills-Financial-Reform-Lone-Plus-Congress.aspx.Google Scholar
Saad, Lydia, Jones, Jeffrey M. and Newport, Frank. 2008. ‘Obama’s Road to the White House: A Gallup Review’. Gallup.Com. 5 November. http://news.gallup.com/poll/111742/Obamas-Road-White-House-Gallup-Review.aspx.Google Scholar
Saiegh, Sebastian M. 2011. Ruling by Statute: How Uncertainty and Vote Buying Shape Lawmaking. Reprint edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Saiegh, Sebastian M. 2014. ‘Brazil’s Presidents Are More Maradona Than Pelé’. FiveThirtyEight (blog). 18 June. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/brazils-presidents-are-more-maradona-than-pele/.Google Scholar
Sales, Adriana Soares, and Tannuri-Pianto, Maria Eduarda. 2007. ‘Explaining Bank Failures in Brazil: Micro, Macro and Contagion Effects (1994–1998)’. 147. Working Papers Series. Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.Google Scholar
Samuels, David, and Hellwig, Timothy. 2010. ‘Elections and Accountability for the Economy: A Conceptual and Empirical Reassessment’. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 20 (4): 393–419.Google Scholar
Sandbu, Martin. 2017. ‘Inequality Does Not Merit Fatalism’. Financial Times, 19 December.Google Scholar
Sanders, David, and Carey, Sean. 2002. ‘Temporal Variations in Economic Voting: A Comparative Crossnational Analysis’. In Economic Voting, edited by Dorussen, Han and Taylor, Michael, 200–32. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sanderson, Rachel. 2017. ‘EU Approval of Monte Paschi Restructure Paves Way for State Control’. Financial Times, 5 July.Google Scholar
Sanderson, Rachel. 2018. ‘Padoan Defends Vision for Italy in Tuscany’s Vineyards’. Financial Times, 21 February.Google Scholar
Satyanath, Shanker. 2006. Globalization, Politics, and Financial Turmoil: Asia’s Banking Crisis. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sayers, R. S. 1936. Bank of England Operations, 1890–1914. London: P. S. King & Son Ltd.Google Scholar
Scatigna, Michela, Szemere, Robert and Tsatsaronis, Kostas. 2014. ‘Residential Property Price Statistics across the Globe’. SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2498635. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.Google Scholar
Scheidel, Walter. 2017. The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Schenk, Catherine R. 2005. ‘Crisis and Opportunity: The Policy Environment of International Banking in the City of London, 1958–1980’. In London and Paris as International Financial Centres in the Twentieth Century, edited by Cassis, Y. and Bussière, E., 207–29. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schenk, Catherine R. 2016. ‘Bank Regulation and Supervision’. In The Oxford Handbook of Banking and Financial History, edited by Cassis, Youssef, Grossman, Richard S. and Schenk, Catherine R., 394–419. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scheve, Kenneth, and Stasavage, David. 2016. Taxing the Rich: A History of Fiscal Fairness in the United States and Europe. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross. 2013. Hierarchical Capitalism in Latin America: Business, Labor, and the Challenges of Equitable Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross, and Soskice, David. 2009. ‘Inequality in Developed Countries and Latin America: Coordinated, Liberal and Hierarchical Systems’. Economy and Society 38 (1): 17–52.Google Scholar
Schoenmaker, Dirk. 2013. Governance of International Banking: The Financial Trilemma. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schultz, Kenneth A., and Weingast, Barry R.. 2003. ‘The Democratic Advantage: Institutional Foundations of Financial Power in International Competition’. International Organization 57 (1): 3–42.Google Scholar
Schulz, John. 2008. The Financial Crisis of Abolition. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Herman M., and Seabrooke, Leonard. 2009. The Politics of Housing Booms and Busts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Seabrooke, Leonard. 2007. ‘The Everyday Social Sources of Economic Crises: From “Great Frustrations” to “Great Revelations” in Interwar Britain’. International Studies Quarterly 51 (4): 795–810.Google Scholar
Seddon, Max. 2018. ‘Russia Plans “Bad Bank” for $19bn in Toxic Assets’. Financial Times, 3 April.Google Scholar
Shafir, Eldar, Diamond, Peter and Tversky, Amos. 1997. ‘Money Illusion’. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 (2): 341–74.Google Scholar
Shannon, Richard. 1996. The Age of Salisbury, 1881–1902; Unionism and Empire. London and New York, NY: Longman.Google Scholar
Shaw, Leslie M. 1905. ‘Address by Hon. Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasury to the American Bankers Association’.Google Scholar
Shiller, Robert J. n.d. ‘Online Data – Robert Shiller’. www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data.htm.Google Scholar
Shiller, Robert J. 2005. Irrational Exuberance. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Shiller, Robert J. 2015. Irrational Exuberance. 3rd edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Short, Joanna. 2002. ‘Economic History of Retirement in the United States’. 30 September. https://eh.net/encyclopedia/economic-history-of-retirement-in-the-united-states/.Google Scholar
Sidel, Robin, Enrich, David and Fitzpatrick, Dan. 2008. ‘WaMu Is Seized, Sold Off to J.P. Morgan, in Largest Failure in U.S. Banking History’. Wall Street Journal, 26 September.Google Scholar
Silber, William L. 2009. ‘Why Did FDR’s Bank Holiday Succeed?’ FRBNY Economic Policy Review 15 (1): 19–30.Google Scholar
Silveira, Ricardo Antonio Rocha. 1985. ‘The Distribution of Wealth in Brazil – The Case of Rio de Janeiro: 1870s to 1980s’. PhD, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Silver, Nate. 2010. ‘Health Care and Bailout Votes May Have Hurt Democrats’. 16 November. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/health-care-and-bailout-votes-may-have-hurt-democrats/.Google Scholar
Simensen, Ivar. 2007. ‘Subprime Woes Take Their Toll in Germany’. Financial Times, 30 July.Google Scholar
Singer, David Andrew. 2007. Regulating Capital: Setting Standards for the International Financial System. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda, and Williamson, Vanessa. 2016. The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism. Updated edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Henry Stooks. 1844. The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Volume 1. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.Google Scholar
Smith, Mark A. 2000. American Business and Political Power: Public Opinion, Elections, and Democracy. Chicago, IL, and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Martin J. 2010. ‘From Big Government to Big Society: Changing the State–Society Balance’. In Britain Votes 2010, edited by Geddes, Andrew and Tonge, Jonathan, 233–48. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Snowden, Kenneth A. 2010. ‘The Anatomy of a Residential Mortgage Crisis: A Look Back to the 1930s’. Working Paper 16244. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Sobreira, Rogério, and de Paula, Luiz Fernando. 2010. ‘The 2008 Financial Crisis and Banking Behavior in Brazil: The Role of the Prudential Regulation, Abstract’. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 6 (November): 77–93.Google Scholar
Sola, Lourdes, da Cunha Bueno Garman, Christopher and Marques, Moisés S.. 2001. ‘Central Banking Reform and Overcoming the Moral Hazard Problem: The Case of Brazil’. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 21 (3): 40–64.Google Scholar
Solomou, Solomos, and Weale, Martin. 1997. ‘Personal Sector Wealth in the United Kingdom, 1920–56’. Review of Income and Wealth 43 (3): 297–318.Google Scholar
Solt, Frederick. 2008. ‘Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement’. American Journal of Political Science 52 (1): 48–60.Google Scholar
Solt, Frederick. 2016. ‘The Standardized World Income Inequality Database’. Social Science Quarterly 97 (5): 1267–81.Google Scholar
Sommer, Joseph H. 2014. ‘Why Bail-In? And How!’ FRBNY Economic Policy Review December: 207–28.Google Scholar
Soto, Hernando de. 2000. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Sparrow, Andrew. 2009. ‘Labour’s Bank Rescue Plan Has Failed, Opposition Tells Darling’. The Guardian, 20 January, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. 2003. Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State: France and Great Britain, 1688–1789. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David. ed. 2011. States of Credit: Size, Power, and the Development of European Polities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Stein, Stanley J. 1957. The Brazilian Cotton Manufacture: Textile Enterprise in an Underdeveloped Area, 1850–1950. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Stern, Gary H., and Feldman, Ron J.. 2004. Too Big to Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, Joseph E. 2009. ‘The Anatomy of a Murder: Who Killed America’s Economy?’ Critical Review 21 (2–3): 329–39.Google Scholar
Stolper, Wolfgang F., and Roskamp, Karl W.. 1979. ‘Planning a Free Economy: Germany 1945–1960’. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft / Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 135 (3): 374–404.Google Scholar
Subramanian, S., and Jayaraj, D.. 2008. ‘The Distribution of Household Wealth in India’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 112–33. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Summers, Deborah. 2008. ‘Gordon Brown: We Are Taking Decisive Action on Financial Crisis’. The Guardian, 30 September, sec. Politics.Google Scholar
Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna. 2016. ‘Introducing a New Broad-Based Index of Financial Development’. IMF Working Paper WP/16/5. International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Swagel, Phillip. 2015. ‘Legal, Political, and Institutional Constraints on the Financial Crisis Policy Response’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (2): 107–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swaine, Jon. 2008. ‘Bank Bailout: Alistair Darling Unveils £500 Billion Rescue Package’, 8 October, The Telegraph, sec. Finance.Google Scholar
Sylla, Richard, Wright, Robert E. and Cowen, David J.. 2009. ‘Alexander Hamilton, Central Banker: Crisis Management during the U.S. Financial Panic of 1792’. Business History Review 83 (1): 61–86.Google Scholar
Takami, Marcelo Y., and Tabak, Benjamin M.. 2007. ‘Evaluation of Default Risk for the Brazilian Banking Sector’. Working Papers Series No. 135. Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.Google Scholar
Taus, Esther Rogoff. 1943. Central Banking Functions of the United States Treasury, 1789–1941. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, John B. 2009. ‘Economic Policy and the Financial Crisis: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong’. Critical Review 21 (2–3): 341–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thaler, Richard H. 2015. Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Thomas, Ryland, and Dimsdale, N. H.. 2017. ‘A Millennium of UK Data: Bank of England OBRA Dataset’. Bank of England.Google Scholar
Thomas, S. Evelyn. 1934. The Rise and Growth of Joint Stock Banking. Volume 1. London: Pitman.Google Scholar
Thornton, Henry. 1802. An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain. London: G. Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Timberlake, Richard H. 1978. The Origins of Central Banking in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Topik, Steven. 1987. The Political Economy of the Brazilian State, 1889–1930. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Torche, Florencia, and Spilerman, Seymour. 2008. ‘Household Wealth in Latin America’. In Personal Wealth from a Global Perspective, edited by Davies, James B., 150–77. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tribe, Keith. 2001. ‘The 1948 Currency Reform: Structure and Purpose’. In 50 Years of the German Mark: Essays in Honour of Stephen F. Frowen, edited by Hölscher, Jens, 15–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Triner, Gail D. 2000. Banking and Economic Development: Brazil, 1889–1930. New York, NY, and Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Adair. 2015. Between Debt and the Devil: Money, Credit, and Fixing Global Finance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, John D. 2014. Banking in Crisis: The Rise and Fall of British Banking Stability, 1800 to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
UK Financial Investments Limited. 2015. ‘Annual Report and Accounts 2014/15’. Cm 9086. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.Google Scholar
UK Parliament. 2018. ‘Hansard 1803–2005’. https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/index.html.Google Scholar
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2005. ‘EFA Global Monitoring Report 2006: Literacy for Life’. UNESCO.Google Scholar
United Nations Human Settlements Program. 2006. ‘United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2005 Annual Report’. Text. ReliefWeb. 1 June. http://reliefweb.int/report/world/united-nations-human-settlements-programme-2005-annual-report.Google Scholar
United States Congress, House Committee on Banking and Currency. 1912. ‘Money Trust Investigation: Investigation of Financial and Monetary Conditions in the United States Under House Resolutions Nos. 429 and 504 Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Banking and Currency, House of Representatives’. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/80.Google Scholar
US Bureau of the Census. 1975a. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970. Volume 1. Bureau of the Census, US Department of Commerce.Google Scholar
US Bureau of the Census. 1975b. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970. Volume 2. Bureau of the Census, US Department of Commerce.Google Scholar
US Bureau of the Census. 2017. ‘Homeownership Rate for the United States’. FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. 14 September.Google Scholar
US Department of Commerce and Labor. 1910. ‘Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1909’. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
US Department of the Treasury. 1959. Final Report on the Reconstruction Finance Corporation: Pursuant to Section 6 (C), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1957. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/scribd/?title_id=134&filepath=/files/docs/publications/rcf/rfc_19590506_finalreport.pdf.Google Scholar
US Department of the Treasury. 2009a. ‘President Obama, Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, and Housing and Urban Development Secretary Shaun Donovan Unveil The Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan’. 18 February 2009. www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/2009218954476942.aspx.Google Scholar
US Department of the Treasury. 2009b. ‘Financial Regulatory Reform: A New Foundation’. US Treasury. www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/20096171052487309.aspx.Google Scholar
US Department of the Treasury. 2017. ‘Monthly Report to Congress, November 2017, Troubled Asset Relief Program’. US Treasury.Google Scholar
US Federal Reserve. 1937. ‘Bank Suspensions, 1921–1936’. Federal Reserve Bulletin September: 866–910.Google Scholar
US Government Accountability Office. 2010. ‘Financial Markets Regulation: Financial Crisis Highlights Need to Improve Oversight of Leverage at Financial Institutions and across System’. GAO-10–555T. Washington DC: US GAO.Google Scholar
US Office of Financial Research. 2016. ‘2016 Financial Stability Report’. Office of Financial Research.Google Scholar
Van de Walle, Nicholas. 2001. African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979–1999. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van der Cruijsen, Carin, de Haan, Jakob, Jansen, David-Jan and Mosch, Robert. 2013. ‘Knowledge and Opinions about Banking Supervision: Evidence from a Survey of Dutch Households’. Journal of Financial Stability 9 (2): 219–29.Google Scholar
Van der Zwan, Natascha. 2014. ‘Making Sense of Financialization’. Socio-Economic Review 12 (1): 99–129.Google Scholar
Vanguard Group, Inc. 2017. ‘Global Bond Index Factsheet’. Vanguard. www.trustnetoffshore.com/Tools/PDFViewer.aspx?url=%2FFactsheets%2FFundFactsheetPDF.aspx%3FfundCode%3DD2FH5%26univ%3DDC.Google Scholar
Vanthemsche, Guy. 1991. ‘States, Banks, and Industry in Belgium and the Netherlands, 1919–1939’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 104–21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Verdier, Daniel. 2000. ‘The Rise and Fall of State Banking in OECD Countries’. Comparative Political Studies 33 (3): 283–318.Google Scholar
Wachman, Richard. 2007. ‘Call to “Nationalise” Northern Rock’. The Observer, 18 November, sec. Business.Google Scholar
Wall Street Journal. n.d. ‘Fannie Mae Timeline’. Last accessed 2 May 2018.Google Scholar
Wallison, Peter J. 2009. ‘Cause and Effect: Government Policies and the Financial Crisis’. Critical Review 21 (2–3): 365–76.Google Scholar
Walter, Andrew. 2008. Governing Finance: East Asia’s Adoption of International Financial Standards. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Warnock, Veronica Cacdac, and Warnock, Francis E.. 2008. ‘Markets and Housing Finance’. Journal of Housing Economics 17 (3): 239–51.Google Scholar
Watson, Matthew. 2007. The Political Economy of International Capital Mobility. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Weber, B., and Schmitz, S. W.. 2011. ‘Varieties of Helping Capitalism: Politico-Economic Determinants of Bank Rescue Packages in the EU during the Recent Crisis’. Socio-Economic Review 9 (4): 639–69.Google Scholar
Weber, Fritz. 1991. ‘Universal Banking in Interwar Central Europe’. In The Role of Banks in the Interwar Economy, edited by James, Harold, Lindgren, Håkan and Teichova, Alice, 19–25. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weir, Margaret. 1998. The Social Divide: Political Parties and the Future of Activist Government. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Welch, John H. 1991. ‘Hyperinflation, and Internal Debt Repudiation in Argentina and Brazil: From Expectations Management to the “Bonex” and “Collor” Plans’. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Research Papers 9107.Google Scholar
Wessel, David. 2009. In FED We Trust: Ben Bernanke’s War on the Great Panic. Reprint edition. New York, NY: Crown Business.Google Scholar
Western, Bruce, Bloome, Deirdre, Sosnaud, Benjamin and Tach, Laura. 2012. ‘Economic Insecurity and Social Stratification’. Annual Review of Sociology 38 (1): 341–59.Google Scholar
Wheelock, David C. 2008. ‘The Federal Response to Home Mortgage Distress: Lessons from the Great Depression’. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 90 (3): 133–48.Google Scholar
White, Eugene N. 1983. The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System, 1900–1929. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
White, Eugene N. 2016a. ‘How to Prevent a Banking Panic: The Barings Crisis of 1890’. Paper delivered to the Economic History Association conference, 16–18 September.Google Scholar
White, Eugene N. 2016b. ‘Rescuing a SIFI, Halting a Panic: The Barings Crisis of 1890’. Bank Underground (blog). 10 February. https://bankunderground.co.uk/2016/02/10/rescuing-a-sifi-halting-a-panic-the-barings-crisis-of-1890/.Google Scholar
Wilson, Woodrow. 1913. ‘Message Regarding Banking System, Speech to Congress’. Miller Center. 23 June.Google Scholar
Wise, Peter, and Arnold, Martin. 2015. ‘Novo Banco Investors Threaten Legal Action over €2bn Losses’. Financial Times, 30 December.Google Scholar
Witcher, S. Karene, and Conroy, Kim. 1985. ‘Brazil Won’t Meet All Debts Owed By Failed Banks’. Wall Street Journal, 21 November.Google Scholar
Wolff, Edward N. 2014. ‘Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962–2013: What Happened over the Great Recession?’ Working Paper 20733. National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Wolff, Edward N. 2016. ‘Deconstructing Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1983–2013’. Working Paper 22704. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w22704.Google Scholar
Wolff, Edward N. 2017a. A Century of Wealth in America. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, Edward N. 2017b. ‘Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962 to 2016: Has Middle Class Wealth Recovered?’ Working Paper 24085. National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woll, Cornelia. 2014. The Power of Inaction: Bank Bailouts in Comparison. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wood, John H. 2014. Central Banking in a Democracy: The Federal Reserve and Its Alternatives. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Woods, Ngaire. 2006. The Globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank, and the Borrowers. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1995. ‘Brazil State Debt: Crisis and Reform’. Report No. 14842-BR. Public Sector Management and Private Sector Development Division. Washington DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2002. ‘Brazil – Progressive Low-Income Housing: Alternatives for the Poor’. The World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2014. ‘Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion’. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2015. ‘Global Financial Development Report 2015/16: Long-Term Finance’. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2016. ‘Size of the Public Sector: Government Wage Bill and Employment’. World Bank. 17 February.Google Scholar
World Bank, FinSAC. 2017. Bank Resolution and ‘Bail-In’ in the EU: Selected Case Studies Pre and Post BRRD. World Bank.Google Scholar
World Wealth & Income Database. 2017. ‘WID – World Wealth & Income Database’. http://wid.world/.Google Scholar
Xu, Ke, Evans, David B., Kawabata, Kei, Zeramdini, Riadh, Klavus, Jan and Murray, Christopher J. L.. 2003. ‘Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Multicountry Analysis’. The Lancet 362 (9378): 111–17.Google Scholar
Ynesta, Isabelle. 2008. ‘Household’s Wealth Composition across OECD Countries and Financial Risks Borne by Households’. Financial Market Trends 95 (2).Google Scholar
Zingales, Luigi. 2015. ‘Presidential Address: Does Finance Benefit Society?’ The Journal of Finance 70 (4): 1327–63.Google Scholar
Zucman, Gabriel. 2015. The Hidden Wealth of Nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Zysman, John. 1983. Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrial Change. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar