Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T23:24:24.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Control Infrastructures and Ignorance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2023

Christina Boswell
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Emile Chabal
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access

Summary

In our concluding chapter, we review the evolution of state infrastructures of control. Such infrastructures embody state beliefs about how best to steer migrants, and also provide maps with which states ‘see’ their unauthorised populations. We chart changes in infrastructures since the 1960s across three dimensions: styles, sites and temporalities of control. The analysis highlights the continued reliance on centralised command and control approaches in Germany, despite niggling concerns that they are not capturing the full picture. In France, patchy implementation of work and welfare restrictions, and a sharp left-right divide on the issue, has repeatedly led governments back to the tool of regularisation. In the UK, lack of internal control infrastructure has been compensated for by outsourcing to external organisations, meaning that migrants get ‘caught’ at later stages in their lives when they are most reliant on social and economic support. We explore the implications of these different infrastructures on state knowledge and ignorance.

Type
Chapter
Information
States of Ignorance
Governing Irregular Migrants in Western Europe
, pp. 243 - 272
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ayres, Ian and Braithwaite, John. 1992. Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bade, Klaus J. 2002. Europa in Bewegung: Migration vom späten 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. München: Beck.Google Scholar
Bertelmans-Videc, Marie-Louise, Rist, Ray C, and Vedung, Evert. 1998. Carrots, Sticks and Sermons: Policy Instruments and Their Evaluation. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Bloch, Alice. 2005. The Development Potential of Zimbabweans in the Diaspora: A Survey of Zimbabweans Living in the UK and South Africa. United Nations.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bommes, Michael. 2000. ‘National Welfare State, Biography and Migration: Labour Migrants, Ethnic Germans and the Re-Ascription of Welfare State Membership’. In Immigration and Welfare: Challenging the Borders of the Welfare State, eds. Geddes, Andrew, and Bommes, Michael, 90108. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bommes, Michael. 2012. ‘Migration in Modern Society’. In Immigration and Social Systems: Collected Essays of Michael Bommes. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Bommes, Michael. 2013. Migration Und Nationaler Wohlfahrtsstaat: Ein Differenzierungstheoretischer Entwurf. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Bommes, Michael, and Geddes, Andrew. 2000. ‘Introduction: Immigration and the Welfare State’. In Immigration and Welfare: Challenging the Borders of the Welfare State, eds. Geddes, Andrew and Bommes, Michael, 112. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bommes, Michael, and Sciortino, Giuseppe, eds. 2011. Foggy Social Structures. Irregular Migration, European Labour Markets and the Welfare State. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2008. ‘The Elusive Rights of an Invisible Population’. Ethics and International Affairs 22(2): 18792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2011. ‘Migration Control and Narratives of Steering’. British Journal of Politics and International Relations 13(1): 1225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, Christina. 2018. Manufacturing Political Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, Christina, and James, Hampshire. 2017. ‘Ideas and Agency in Immigration Policy: A Discursive Institutionalist Approach’. European Journal of Political Research 56(1): 133–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britz, Jacqueline B., and McKee, Martin. 2016. ‘Charging Migrants for Health Care Could Compromise Public Health and Increase Costs for the NHS’. Journal of Public Health 38(2): 384–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, Jane, and Torpey, John, eds. 2001. Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Casella Colombeau, Sara. 2017. ‘Policing the Internal Schengen Borders – Managing the Double Bind between Free Movement and Migration Control’. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy 27 (5): 480–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casella Colombeau, Sara. 2021. ‘Border Policing in France’. In Policing in France, eds. Maillard, Jacques de and Skogan, Wesley G., 249–65. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chauvin, Sebastien, and Garcés-Mascareñas, Blanca. 2012. ‘Beyond Informal Citizenship: The New Moral Economy of Migrant Illegality’. International Political Sociology 6 (3): 241–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Genova, Nicholas. 2002. ‘Migrant “Illegality” and Deportability in Everyday Life’. Annual Review of Anthropology 31(1): 419–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Genova, Nicholas P. 2013. ‘Spectacles of Migrant “Illegality”: The Scene of Exclusion, the Obscene of Inclusion’. Ethnic and Racial Studies 36(7): 1180–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittmer, Cordula, and Lorenz, Daniel F.. 2020. ‘Zivil- und Katastrophenschutz und humanitäre Hilfe in der Bewältigung der Flüchtlingssituation 2015/16 in Deutschland’. Z’Flucht. Zeitschrift für Flucht- und Flüchtlingsforschung 4(1): 336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duman, Yoav H. 2014. ‘Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State’. Politics & Policy 42(2): 187220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellermann, Antje. 2010. ‘Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the Liberal State’. Politics & Society 38(3): 408–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esping-Anderson, Gösta. 1990. Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Oxford: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Eule, Tobias G. 2016. Inside Immigration Law: Migration Management and Policy Application in Germany. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favell, Adrian. 2001. Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain. Basingstoke: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, Nicolas. 2008. ‘Une industrie de l’éloignement : la rétention administrative’. Après-demain 6(2): 1821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontanari, Elena, and Ambrosini, Maurizio. 2018. ‘Into the Interstices: Everyday Practices of Refugees and Their Supporters in Europe’s Migration “Crisis”’. Sociology 52(3): 587603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentleman, Amelia. 2019. The Windrush Betrayal: Exposing the Hostile Environment. London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Gibney, Matthew J. 2008. ‘Asylum and the Expansion of Deportation in the United Kingdom 1’. Government and Opposition 43(2): 146–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibney, Matthew J. 2009. ‘Precarious Residents: Migration Control, Membership and the Rights of Non-Citizens’. Human Development Research Paper (HDRP 10).Google Scholar
Gibney, Matthew J., and Hansen, Randall. 2003. ‘Deportation and the Liberal State: The Forcible Return of Asylum Seekers and Unlawful Migrants in Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom’. UNHCR New Issues in Refugee Research 77.Google Scholar
Hall, P. A. 1993. ‘Policy Paradigms, Social Learning and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain’. Comparative Politics 25: 275–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Randall. 2000. Citizenship and Immigration in Post-war Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, Randall. 2002. ‘Globalization, Embedded Realism, and Path Dependency: The Other Immigrants to Europe’. Comparative Political Studies 35(3): 259–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, Ulrich. 2001. Geschichte der Ausländerpolitik in Deutschland: Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter, Flüchtlinge. München: C. H. Beck.Google Scholar
Hood, Christopher. 1998. The Art of the State: Culture, Rhetoric, and Public Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hood, Christopher. 2007. ‘Intellectual Obsolescence and Intellectual Makeovers: Reflections on the Tools of Government after Two Decades’. Governance 20(1): 127–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, Bertold, and Unger, Klaus. 1982. ‘Politische und rechtliche Determinanten der Ausländerbeschäftigung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland’. In Ausländer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in der Schweiz: Segregation und Integration; eine vergleichende Untersuchung, eds. Hoffmann-Nowotny, Hans-Joachim and Hondrich, Karl-Otto, 124–94. Frankfurt: Campus-Verl.Google Scholar
Jahn, Andreas, and Straubhaar, Thomas. 1998. ‘A Survey of the Economics of Illegal Migration’. South European Society and Politics 3(3): 1642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchhoff, Maren, and Lorenz, David. 2018. ‘Between Illegalization, Toleration, and Recognition: Contested Asylum and Deportation Policies in Germany’. In Protest Movements in Asylum and Deportation, 49–68. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Le Courant, Stefan. 2018. ‘Expulser et menacer d’expulsion, les deux facettes d’un même gouvernement ? Les politiques de gestion de la migration irrégulière en France’. L’Année sociologique 68(1): 211–32.Google Scholar
Le Courant, Stefan. 2022. Vivre Sous La Menace: Les Sans-Papiers et l’État. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Leerkes, Arjen. 2009. Illegal Residence and Public Safety in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Philip. 2004. ‘Policy Responses to Unauthorized or Irregular Workers’. Intereconomics 39(1): 1820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mezzadra, Sandro, and Neilson, Brett. 2013. Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labor. London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Mühlbauer, Holger. 1995. Kontinuitäten und Brüche in der Entwicklung des deutschen Einwohnermeldewesens: historisch-juristische Untersuchung am Beispiel Berlins. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Vivien. 2008. ‘Discursive Institutionalism: The Explanatory Power of Ideas and Discourse’. Annual Review of Political Science 11: 303–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, Vivien. 2011. ‘Speaking of Change: Why Discourse Is Key to the Dynamics of Policy Transformation’. Critical Policy Studies 5(2): 105–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schönwälder, Karen, Vogel, Dita, and Sciortino, Giuseppe. 2004. Migration Und Illegalität in Deutschland. Arbeitsstelle interkulturelle Konflikte und gesellschaftliche Integration (AKI), Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB).Google Scholar
Schütte, Patricia M., Frommer, Jana-Andrea, Schönefeld, Malte, and Werner, Andreas. 2020. ‘Flüchtlingsbewegungen 2015/2016 Nach Deutschland’. In Wissensmobilisierung und Transfer in der Fluchtforschung: Kommunikation, Beratung und gemeinsames Forschungshandeln, eds. Monika Gonser, Karin Zimmer, Nicola Mühlhäusser, and Danielle Gluns, 17789. Münster: Waxmann.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, Reinhard. 2017. ‘Integration against the State: Irregular Migrants’ Agency between Deportation and Regularisation in the United Kingdom’. Politics 37(3): 317–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Colin. 2005. ‘Regulation in the Age of Governance: The Rise of the Post-regulatory State’. In The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Age of Governance, eds. Jacint Jordana, and David Levi-Faur, 151–54. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sigona, Nando. 2012. ‘“I Have Too Much Baggage”: The Impacts of Legal Status on the Social Worlds of Irregular Migrants’. Social Anthropology 20(1): 5065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaven, Mike. 2022. ‘The Windrush Scandal and the Individualization of Postcolonial Immigration Control in Britain’. Ethnic and Racial Studies 45(16): 4791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaven, Mike, and Boswell, Christina. 2019. ‘Why Symbolise Control? Irregular Migration to the UK and Symbolic Policy-Making in the 1960s’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45(9): 1477–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaven, Mike, and Casella Colombeau, Sara. 2020. ‘Au Royaume-Uni, on régularise en cachette’. Plein Droit 126: 2831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaven, Mike, Casella Colombeau, Sara, and Badenhoop, Elisabeth. 2021. ‘What Drives the Immigration-Welfare Policy Link? Comparing Germany, France and the United Kingdom’. Comparative Political Studies 54(5): 855–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spire, Alexis. 2005. Étrangers à La Carte. Paris: Grasset.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 1990. ‘Paradoxes of the Regulatory State’. University of Chicago Law Review 57(2): 407–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiang, Biao, and Lindquist, Johan. 2014. ‘Migration Infrastructure’. International Migration Review 48(1): 122–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuval-Davis, Nira, Wemyss, Georgie, and Cassidy, Kathryn. 2019. Bordering. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×