Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T07:28:51.355Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Social factors as a basis for treatment

from Part III - Social factors and the outcome of psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2009

Richard Warner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Boulder, 233 UCB Boulder, CO, USA
Craig Morgan
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
Kwame McKenzie
Affiliation:
University College London
Paul Fearon
Affiliation:
Trinity College, Dublin
Get access

Summary

Social factors can affect the course and outcome of mental illness. Programmes that attempt to ameliorate the effect of such social problems as unemployment, poverty, homelessness, incarceration and isolation have proven effective in improving outcome, quality of life and social inclusion for people with serious mental illness. Transitional employment programmes (TEPs), developed in the 1970s, were the precursors of supported employment. A refinement of the supported employment model has been named individual placement and support (IPS). Norwegians with mental illness report that poverty, unemployment and substandard living conditions are among their greatest obstacles to recovery. Housing cooperatives could become a viable response to the homelessness of people with mental illness and, simultaneously, improve their economic situation and quality of life. The psychosocial clubhouse seeks to address both the problems of social isolation and powerlessness of people with mental illness.
Type
Chapter
Information
Society and Psychosis , pp. 163 - 178
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abas, M., Vanderpyl, J., Robinson, E.et al. (2003). More deprived areas need greater resources for mental health. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 437–44.Google Scholar
Averett, S., Warner, R., Little, J.et al. (1999). Labor supply, disability benefits and mental illness. Eastern Economic Journal, 25, 279–88.Google Scholar
Beard, J. H., Probst, R. and Malamud, T. J. (1982). The Fountain House model of psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 5, 47–53.Google Scholar
Becker, D. R., Bebout, R. R. and Drake, R. E. (1998). Job preferences of people with severe mental illness: a replication. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 46–50.Google Scholar
Becker, D. R., Bond, G. R., McCarthy, D.et al. (2001). Converting day treatment centers to supported employment programs in Rhode Island. Psychiatric Services, 52, 351–7.Google Scholar
Bond, G. R. (1992). Vocational rehabilitation. In Handbook of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, ed. Liberman, R. P.. New York: Macmillan Press, pp. 244–63.
Bond, G. R. (1998). Principles of individual placement and support. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 11–23.Google Scholar
Bond, G. R. (2004). Supported employment: evidence for an evidence-based practice. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 27, 345–59.Google Scholar
Borg, M., Sells, D., Topor, A.et al. (2005). What makes a house a home: the role of material resources in recovery from severe mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 8, 243–56.Google Scholar
Carling, P. and Curtis, L. (1997). Implementing supported housing: current trends and future directions. New Directions in Mental Health Services, 74, 79–94.Google Scholar
Cohen, C. I. and Sokolovsky, J. (1978). Schizophrenia and social networks: ex-patients in the inner city. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 4, 546–60.Google Scholar
Davis, M. and Thompson, B. (1992). Cooperative Housing: A Development Primer. Washington, DC: National Cooperative Business Association.
Dell'Acqua, G. and Dezza, M. G. C. (1985). The end of the mental hospital: a review of the psychiatric experience in Trieste. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 316 (suppl.), 45–69.Google Scholar
Draine, J., Salzer, M. S., Culhane, D. P.et al. (2002). Role of social disadvantage in crime, joblessness, and homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 53, 565–73.Google Scholar
Drake, R. E., Becker, D. R., Beisanz, B. A.et al. (1996). Day treatment versus supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: a replication study. Psychiatric Services, 47, 1125–7.Google Scholar
Drake, R. E., Becker, D. R., Bond, G. R.et al. (2003). A process analysis of integrated and non-integrated approaches to supported employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 51–8.Google Scholar
Fioritti, A. (2004). Disincentives to work within the Italian disability pension system. World Psychiatry, 3 (suppl. 1), 57. (Paper presented at the WPA International Congress on Treatments in Psychiatry: An Update, Florence, Italy.)Google Scholar
Gegenava, M. and Kavtaradze, G. (2006). Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with schizophrenia. Georgian Medical News, 134, 55–8.Google Scholar
Gold, M. and Marrone, J. (1998). Mass Bay Employment Services (A Service of Bay Cove Human Services, Inc.): A Story of Leadership, Vision, and Action Resulting in Employment for People with Mental Illness. Vol. 1 of Roses and Thorns from the Grassroots (spring vol.). Boston, MA: Institute for Community Inclusion.
Goldstrom, I., Henderson, M., Male, A. et al. (1998). Jail mental health services: a national survey. In Mental Health: United States, 1998, ed. Manderscheid, R. W. and Sonnenschein, M. A.. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 176–87.
Gowdy, E. A., Carlson, L. S. and Rapp, C. A. (2003). Practices differentiating high-performing from low-performing supported employment programs. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26, 232–9.Google Scholar
Grove, R., Secker, J. and Seebohm, P. (ed.) (2004). New Thinking about Mental Health and Employment. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing.
ICCD (2004). International Clubhouse Directory 2003. New York: International Center for Clubhouse Development.
Kaufman, T. L. (1997). Out of Reach: Rental Housing at What Cost?Washington, DC: National Low Income Housing Coalition.
Keith, S. J., Regier, D. A. and Rae, D. S. (1991). Schizophrenic disorders. In Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, ed. Robins, L. N. and Regier, D. A.. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International, pp. 33–52.
Lehman, A. F. (1995). Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 645–56.Google Scholar
Macias, C., Barriera, P., Alden, M.et al. (2001). The ICCD benchmarks for clubhouses: a practical approach to quality improvement in psychiatric rehabilitation. Psychiatric Services, 52, 207–13.Google Scholar
Magliano, L., Fiorillo, A., Malangone, C.et al. (2006). Social network in long-term diseases: a comparative study in relatives of persons with schizophrenia and physical illnesses versus a sample from the general population. Social Science and Medicine, 62, 1392–402.Google Scholar
Mandiberg, J. (1995). Can interdependent mutual support function as an alternative to hospitalization? The Santa Clara County Clustered Apartment Project. In Alternatives to the Hospital for Acute Psychiatric Treatment, ed. Warner, R.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, pp. 193–210.
Marwaha, S. and Johnson, S. (2004). Schizophrenia and employment: a review. Social Psychiatry and Epidemiology, 39, 337–49.Google Scholar
McGurk, S. R. and Mueser, K. T. (2003). Cognitive functioning and employment in severe mental illness. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 191, 789–98.Google Scholar
McHugo, G. J., Drake, R. E. and Becker, D. R. (1998). The durability of supported employment effects. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 55–61.Google Scholar
Medical Campaign Project (1990). A Paper Outlining Good Practice on Discharge of Single Homeless People with Particular Reference to Mental Health Units. London: Policy Studies Institute.
Moffit, R. (1990). The econometrics of kinked budget constraints. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4, 119–39.Google Scholar
Montross, L. P., Zisook, S. and Kasckow, J. (2005). Suicide among patients with schizophrenia: a consideration of risk and protective factors. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17, 173–82.Google Scholar
National Coalition for the Homeless (1999). Fact Sheet Number 5. Washington, DC: National Coalition for the Homeless.
Nelson, G., Lord, J. and Ochocka, J. (2001). Shifting the Paradigm in Community Mental Health: Towards Empowerment and Community. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Noble, J. H., Honberg, R. S., Hall, L. L.et al. (1997). A Legacy of Failure: The Inability of the Federal-State Vocational Rehabilitation System to Serve People with Severe Mental Illnesses. Arlington, VA: National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.
Rinaldi, M., McNeil, K., Firn, M.et al. (2004). What are the benefits of evidence-based supported employment for patients with first-episode psychosis? Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 281–4.Google Scholar
Room, R. (2005). Stigma, social inequality and alcohol and drug use. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24, 143–55.Google Scholar
Rosenheck, R., Leslie, D., Keefe, R.et al. (2006). Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 163, 411–17.Google Scholar
Schwartz, G. and Higgins, G. (1999). Marienthal: The Social Firms Network. Redhill, Surrey: Netherne Printing Services and Social Firms UK.
Sengupta, A., Drake, R. E. and McHugo, G. J. (1998). The relationship between substance use disorder and vocational functioning among persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22, 41–5.Google Scholar
Seyfried, E. and Ziomas, D. (2005). Pathways to social integration for people with mental health problems: the establishment of social co-operatives in Greece. Peer Review in the Field of Social Inclusion Policies. Available at www.peer-review-social-inclusion.net/peer-reviews/2005/review-25/05_EL_disc_en_050924.pdf.
Sherman, P. S. and Porter, R. (1991). Mental health consumers as case management aides. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 494–8.Google Scholar
Singleton, N., Meltzer, H., Gatward, R.et al. (1998). Psychiatric Morbidity Among Prisoners in England and Wales. London: Office of National Statistics.
Srinivasan, L. and Tirupati, S. (2005). Relationship between cognition and work functioning among patients with schizophrenia in an urban area of India. Psychiatric Services, 56, 1423–8.Google Scholar
Stein, L. I. and Test, M. A. (1980). Alternative to mental hospital treatment: I. Conceptual model, treatment program, and clinical evaluation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 392–7.Google Scholar
Thara, R. (2004). Twenty-year course of schizophrenia: The Madras Longitudinal Study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 564–9.Google Scholar
Tremblay, T., Smith, J., Xie, H.et al. (2006). Effect of benefits counseling services on employment outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Services, 57, 816–21.Google Scholar
US General Accounting Office (1993). Evidence for Federal Program's Effectiveness is Mixed. GAO/PEMD-93–19. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, August.
Warner, R. (2000). The Environment of Schizophrenia: Innovations in Practice, Policy and Communications. London: Brunner-Routledge.
Warner, R. (2004). Recovery from Schizophrenia: Psychiatry and Political Economy, 3rd edn. Hove: Brunner-Routledge.
Warner, R. and Polak, P. (1995). The economic advancement of the mentally ill in the community: economic opportunities. Community Mental Health Journal, 31, 381–96.Google Scholar
Warner, R., Girolamo, G., Belelli, G.et al. (1998). The quality of life of people with schizophrenia in Boulder, Colorado, and Bologna, Italy. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 24, 559–68.Google Scholar
Warr, P. (1987). Work, Unemployment and Mental Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wilton, R. (2004). Putting policy into practice? Poverty and people with serious mental illness. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 25–39.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×