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5 - Taste-making and trendsetting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Zheng Yangwen
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
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Summary

This chapter is devoted to opium's urbanisation and initial popularisation, in other words, to the birth of the opium-smoking consumer trend, in the 1820s and early 1830s. Scholars and officials had embedded opium consumption into mainstream sex recreation in Qianlong's time; they spread the gospel of opium in Jiaqing's time; they would urbanise it in Daoguang's reign (1820–50). Fuelled by the popularity of yanghuo and aided by the rise of smuggling, opium smoking spread quickly. The arrival of a consumer trend depended on the participation of the larger urban population and more importantly on the availability of opium. More individual English-men rushed to what Jacques Downs called the ‘golden ghetto’ of Canton after 1813, when Indian commerce opened up. They also found a better depot – Lintin. Soon a dynamic duo, William Jardine and James Matheson, would challenge the Honourable Company and see the ‘termination of its exclusive right of trading with the dominions of the emperor of China’ in 1834. The consequences of free trade can be seen in the statistics. Opium imports stood at 4,244 chests in 1820, thereafter increasing yearly so that by 1839 the number had jumped to 40,200. Opium was galvanising urban consumer society.

YANGHUO AND THE ‘LEISURE CLASS’

Daoguang's first decade (1820–30) barely resembled Qianlong's heyday, yet for many, the good life went on. Not only did many smoke opium, many more also became increasingly fascinated with everything foreign.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • Taste-making and trendsetting
  • Zheng Yangwen, National University of Singapore
  • Book: The Social Life of Opium in China
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819575.006
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  • Taste-making and trendsetting
  • Zheng Yangwen, National University of Singapore
  • Book: The Social Life of Opium in China
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819575.006
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Taste-making and trendsetting
  • Zheng Yangwen, National University of Singapore
  • Book: The Social Life of Opium in China
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819575.006
Available formats
×