Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Foreword by Daniel R. Salomon
- Foreword by Robin Marks
- Foreword by Kathy Schwab
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- SECTION ONE TRANSPLANT DERMATOLOGY: AN EVOLVING DYNAMIC FIELD
- Section Two Transplant Medicine and Dermatology
- Section Three Pathogenic Factors in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Four Cutaneous Effects of Immunosuppressive Medications
- Section Five Infectious Diseases of the Skin in Transplant Dermatology
- 11 Bacterial Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 12 Fungal Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 13 Viral Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 14 Mycobacterial Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- Section Six Benign and Inflammatory Skin Diseases in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Seven Cutaneous Oncology in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Eight Special Scenarios in Transplant Cutaneous Oncology
- Section Nine Educational, Organizational, and Research Efforts in Transplant Dermatology
- Index
13 - Viral Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
from Section Five - Infectious Diseases of the Skin in Transplant Dermatology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Foreword by Daniel R. Salomon
- Foreword by Robin Marks
- Foreword by Kathy Schwab
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- SECTION ONE TRANSPLANT DERMATOLOGY: AN EVOLVING DYNAMIC FIELD
- Section Two Transplant Medicine and Dermatology
- Section Three Pathogenic Factors in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Four Cutaneous Effects of Immunosuppressive Medications
- Section Five Infectious Diseases of the Skin in Transplant Dermatology
- 11 Bacterial Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 12 Fungal Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 13 Viral Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- 14 Mycobacterial Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
- Section Six Benign and Inflammatory Skin Diseases in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Seven Cutaneous Oncology in Transplant Dermatology
- Section Eight Special Scenarios in Transplant Cutaneous Oncology
- Section Nine Educational, Organizational, and Research Efforts in Transplant Dermatology
- Index
Summary
Viral pathogens have emerged as the most significant microbial agents causing deleterious effects in solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic organism encountered during the one- to six-month posttransplantation period, and prophylactic regimens have been carefully developed to counter its virulence. Several other viruses manifest on mucocutaneous sites, ranging from cosmetically disfiguring facial molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) to extensive common or genital warts from human papillomavirus (HPV) to invasive or life-threatening HPV-induced squamous cell carcinoma. In the great majority of cases, viral opportunistic infection (OI) represents reactivation of latent viral infection, that is, herpes family of viruses, or proliferation of subclinical infection with HPV or MCV.
HERPETOVIRIDAE (HUMAN HERPES VIRUSES)
Human herpesviruses (HHV), that is, herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2; cytomegalovirus (CMV); varicella-zoster virus (VZV); Epstein–Barr virus (EBV); human herpesvirus-6, -7, -8 (HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8), share three characteristics in common that make them particularly effective pathogens in the immunocompromised host: (1) latency (once infected with the virus, the individual remains infected for life, with immunosuppression being the major factor responsible for reactivation of the virus from a latent state); (2) cell association (these viruses are highly cell-associated, rendering humoral immunity inefficient as a host defense and cell-mediated immunity paramount in the control of these infections); and (3) oncogenicity (all herpes group viruses should be regarded as potentially oncogenic, with the clearest demonstration of this being EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Skin Disease in Organ Transplantation , pp. 98 - 105Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008