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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
Original ST clusters with w and y are probably maintained in Ar. Ch. in the form w or iw and į (phonemically j in Karlgren's notation). The available comparisons, however, are not numerous; cf. the following:
kʿiwǝna ‘dog’; TB *kwiy.
χiwetb ‘blood’; TB *s-hwiy.
gʿwoc ‘fox’; TB *gwa.
swând ‘garlic’; cf. B krak-swan ‘onion’.
ngįoe ‘fish’; TB *ŋya.
kįangf ‘ginger’; cf. B khyàŋ, id.
gʾįatg ‘hero’; cf. T gyad(-pa) ‘champion, athlete’.
In some cases it is difficult to determine whether medial į represents original medial *y or is simply an index of palatalization; cf. glįǝp ‘stand’, TB *g-ryap (where į might be regarded as a representative of *y), but kʿlįǝp ‘weep’, TB *krap (where į stands for palatalization); cf. also *niǝp (based on Anc. Ch. niep) ‘to pinch, nip with the fingers’, TB *nyap ‘pinch, squeeze’; niǝm and ńįǝm ‘think’, T snyam-pa ‘think, imagine; thought, mind’, nyam(s) ‘soul, mind; thought’; tįǝk ‘mount, advance, promote’, T theg-pa>*thyak (as shown by West T dialects) ‘lift, raise’; also lįêt ‘fear’, T źed-pa>*ryed ‘fear, be afraid’.
Initial clusters can be reconstructed for Ar. Ch. on the basis of the use of phonetic elements in characters.
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