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La Bourgogne et la mer à la fin du MoyenÂge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Jacques Paviot
Affiliation:
Université Paris Est Créteil
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ. Dans la constitution de leur État, les ducs de Bourgogne héritent, en Flandre, d'un monde amphibie, propice à la pêche et aux contacts avec l'Angleterre, la Hanse, l'Aquitaine, la péninsule Ibérique et l'Italie. Ils établissent un lien économique et commercial très fort avec la mer, en instituant le ‘droit d’étape' et en protégeant les flottes du vin, du sel et de la pêche au hareng. Par les croisades en Orient, les ducs cherchent à étendre leur puissance en Méditerranée, mais sans aucun profit économique.

ABSTRACT. In the constitution of their state, the Dukes of Burgundy inherited an amphibious world in Flanders, ideal for fishing and in contact with England, the Hanse, Aquitaine, the Iberian Peninsula, and Italy. They established a very strong economic and commercial link with the sea, by creating a ‘staple right’ and by protecting the wine, salt, and herring fishing fleets. Via the crusades in the Orient, the dukes sought to extend their power in the Mediterranean but without economic profit.

Nommer et définir l'ensemble de territoires détenus personnellement par le duc Valois de Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Âge est une gageure et l'objet d'un débat historiographique. Rappelons simplement les faits de cette formation généalogique. En 1363, Jean II le Bon donne en apanage le duché de Bourgogne à son dernier fils, Philippe « le Hardi » à cause son courage à Poitiers. En 1369, celui-ci épouse la plus riche héritière du moment, Marguerite de Flandre, qui apporte, à la mort de son père Louis de Male, en 1384, les comtés de Flandre, d'Artois, de Rethel, de Nevers, de Bourgogne, et la seigneurie de Malines, et il achète en 1391 le comté de Charolais.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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