Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T06:32:21.716Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 6 - Regional anesthesia for ambulatory surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2015

Johan Raeder
Affiliation:
Universitetet i Oslo
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Mulroy, M. F., McDonald, S. B.. Regional anesthesia for outpatient surgery. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2003;21(2):289303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, S. M., Bergh, A., Steele, S. M., Georgiade, G. S., Greengrass, R. A.. Thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(6):1402–05.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsson, S., Lundberg, D.. A prospective survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting with special regard to incidence and relations to patient characteristics, anesthetic routines and surgical procedures. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1995;39(4):539–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, T., Bhinder, R., Carey, M., Briggs, L.. Day-surgery patients anesthetized with propofol have less postoperative pain than those anesthetized with sevoflurane. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(1):8385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badrinath, S., Avramov, M. N., Shadrick, M., Witt, T. R., Ivankovich, A. D.. The use of a ketamine–propofol combination during monitored anesthesia care. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(4):858–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himmelseher, S., Durieux, M. E.. Ketamine for perioperative pain management. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(1):211–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, B. A., Orebaugh, S. L., Ben-David, B., Bigeleisen, P. E.. Electrical stimulation: An important force behind the growth of regional anesthesia. Can J Anaesth. 2007;54(7):585–86; author reply 586–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orebaugh, S. L., Williams, B. A., Kentor, M. L.. Ultrasound guidance with nerve stimulation reduces the time necessary for resident peripheral nerve blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32(5):448–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, A. K., Walsh, M. T., Dilger, J. A.. Role of regional anesthesia in the ambulatory environment. Anesth Clinics. 2010;28(2):251–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsui, B. C., Knezevich, M. P., Pillay, J. J.. Reduced injection pressures using a compressed air injection technique (CAIT): An in vitro study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33(2):168–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Tsui, B. C., Li, L. X., Pillay, J. J.. Compressed air injection technique to standardize block injection pressures. Can J Anaesth. 2006;53(11):1098–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carty, B. N. S.. Ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. BJA: CEACCP Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2007;7(Issue 1):2024.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, B. D., Iohom, G.. An estimation of the minimum effective anesthetic volume of 2% lidocaine in ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(1):2529.Google ScholarPubMed
Eichenberger, U., Stockli, S., Marhofer, P., et al. Minimal local anesthetic volume for peripheral nerve block: A new ultrasound-guided, nerve dimension-based method. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34(3):242–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Donnell, B., Riordan, J., Ahmad, I., Iohom, G.. Brief reports: A clinical evaluation of block characteristics using one milliliter 2% lidocaine in ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(3):808–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Abrahams, M. S., Aziz, M. F., Fu, R. F., Horn, J. L.. Ultrasound guidance compared with electrical neurostimulation for peripheral nerve block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(3):408–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marhofer, P., Schrogendorfer, K., Koinig, H., Kapral, S., Weinstabl, C., Mayer, N.. Ultrasonographic guidance improves sensory block and onset time of three-in-one blocks. Anesth Analg. 1997;85(4):854–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marhofer, P., Schrogendorfer, K., Wallner, T., Koinig, H., Mayer, N., Kapral, S.. Ultrasonographic guidance reduces the amount of local anesthetic for 3-in-1 blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1998;23(6):584–88.Google ScholarPubMed
Liu, F. C., Liou, J. T., Tsai, Y. F., et al. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block: A comparative study with nerve stimulator-guided method. Chang Gung Med J. 2005;28(6):396402.Google ScholarPubMed
Sauter, A. R., Dodgson, M. S., Stubhaug, A., Halstensen, A. M., Klaastad, O.. Electrical nerve stimulation or ultrasound guidance for lateral sagittal infraclavicular blocks: A randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, comparative study. Anesth Analg. 2008;106(6):1910–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryan, N. A., Swenson, J. D., Greis, P. E., Burks, R. T.. Indwelling interscalene catheter use in an outpatient setting for shoulder surgery: Technique, efficacy, and complications. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16(4):388–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koscielniak-Nielsen, Z. J., Rasmussen, H., Hesselbjerg, L.. Pneumothorax after an ultrasound-guided lateral sagittal infraclavicular block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008;52(8):1176–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neal, J. M.. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and patient safety: An evidence-based analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(2 Suppl):S59–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Bhatia, A., Lai, J., Chan, V. W., Brull, R.. Case report: pneumothorax as a complication of the ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach for brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(3):817–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, A. T., Laur, J. J.. Regional anesthesia for ambulatory surgery: Where ultrasound has made a difference. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2011;49(4):1321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neal, J. M., Bernards, C. M., Butterworth, J. F. T., et al. ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(2):152–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brummett, C. M., Williams, B. A.. Additives to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blockade. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2011;49(4):104–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Candido, K. D., Winnie, A. P., Ghaleb, A. H., Fattouh, M. W., Franco, C. D.. Buprenorphine added to the local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block prolongs postoperative analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27(2):162–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candido, K. D., Hennes, J., Gonzalez, S., et al. Buprenorphine enhances and prolongs the postoperative analgesic effect of bupivacaine in patients receiving infragluteal sciatic nerve block. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(6):1419–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, C.. Targeting pain and inflammation by peripherally acting opioids. Front Pharmacol. 2013;4:123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popping, D. M., Elia, N., Marret, E., Wenk, M., Tramer, M. R.. Clonidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve and plexus blocks: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(2):406–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCartney, C. J., Duggan, E., Apatu, E.. Should we add clonidine to local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blockade? A qualitative systematic review of the literature. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32(4):330–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tetzlaff, J. E., Yoon, H. J., Brems, J., Javorsky, T.. Alkalinization of mepivacaine improves the quality of motor block associated with interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia for shoulder surgery. Reg Anesth. 1995;20(2):128–32.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilson, S. H., Rest, C., Pearce-Smith, B., Hudson, M. E., Chelly, J. E.. Regional anesthesia for ambulatory surgery: The ideal technique for a growing practice. Anesthesiology News. 2013;Sect. 1.Google Scholar
Wulf, H.. New perspectives for day-case spinals! Old drugs for an ancient technique? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(3):257–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salinas, F. V., Liu, S. S.. Spinal anaesthesia: Local anaesthetics and adjuncts in the ambulatory setting. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16(2):195210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tong, D., Wong, J., Chung, F., et al. Prospective study on incidence and functional impact of transient neurologic symptoms associated with 1% versus 5% hyperbaric lidocaine in short urologic procedures. Anesthesiology. 2003;98(2):485–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulroy, M. F., Salinas, F. V., Larkin, K. L., Polissar, N. L.. Ambulatory surgery patients may be discharged before voiding after short-acting spinal and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(2):315–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckenmaier, C. C., 3rd, Nielsen, K. C., Pietrobon, R., et al. Small-dose intrathecal lidocaine versus ropivacaine for anorectal surgery in an ambulatory setting. Anesth Analg. 2002;95 (5):1253–57, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lennox, P. H., Vaghadia, H., Henderson, C., Martin, L., Mitchell, G. W.. Small-dose selective spinal anesthesia for short-duration outpatient laparoscopy: Recovery characteristics compared with desflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(2):346–50, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-David, B., DeMeo, P. J., Lucyk, C., Solosko, D.. Minidose lidocaine–fentanyl spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery: Prophylactic nalbuphine versus nalbuphine plus droperidol. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(6):1596–600, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez-Soriano, F., Lajarin, B., Rivas, F., Verdu, J. M., Lopez-Robles, J.. [Hyperbaric subarachnoid ropivacaine in ambulatory surgery: comparative study with hyperbaric bupivacaine]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2002;49(2):7175.Google ScholarPubMed
Whiteside, J. B., Burke, D., Wildsmith, J. A.. Comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% (in glucose 5%) with bupivacaine 0.5% (in glucose 8%) for spinal anaesthesia for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2003;90(3):304–08.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breebaart, M. B., Vercauteren, M. P., Hoffmann, V. L., Adriaensen, H. A.. Urinary bladder scanning after day-case arthroscopy under spinal anaesthesia: Comparison between lidocaine, ropivacaine, and levobupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 2003;90(3):309–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imarengiaye, C. O., Song, D., Prabhu, A. J., Chung, F.. Spinal anesthesia: Functional balance is impaired after clinical recovery. Anesthesiology. 2003;98(2):511–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, A., Axelsson, K., Thorn, S. E., et al. Low-dose bupivacaine plus fentanyl for spinal anesthesia during ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy: A comparison between 6 mg and 7. 5 mg of bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47(1):1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danelli, G., Berti, M., Casati, A., et al. Spinal block or total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil for gynaecological outpatient procedures. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002;19(8):594–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korhonen, A. M., Valanne, J. V., Jokela, R. M., Ravaska, P., Korttila, K.. Intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine 3 mg + fentanyl 10 microg for outpatient knee arthroscopy with tourniquet. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47(3):342–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Kock, M., Gautier, P., Fanard, L., Hody, J. L., Lavand’homme, P.. Intrathecal ropivacaine and clonidine for ambulatory knee arthroscopy: A dose–response study. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(4):574–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merivirta, R., Kuusniemi, K., Jaakkola, P., Pihlajamaki, K., Pitkanen, M.. Unilateral spinal anaesthesia for outpatient surgery: A comparison between hyperbaric bupivacaine and bupivacaine–clonidine combination. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53(6):788–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendriks, M. P., de Weert, C. J., Snoeck, M. M., Hu, H. P., Pluim, M. A., Gielen, M. J.. Plain articaine or prilocaine for spinal anaesthesia in day-case knee arthroscopy: A double-blind randomized trial. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102(2):259–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sell, A., Tein, T., Pitkanen, M.. Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: Effective dose for ambulatory surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008;52(5):695–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hejtmanek, M. R., Pollock, J. E.. Chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia: A retrospective analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(3):267–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-David, B., Solomon, E., Levin, H., Admoni, H., Goldik, Z.. Intrathecal fentanyl with small-dose dilute bupivacaine: Better anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth Analg. 1997;85(3):560–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaghadia, H., Viskari, D., Mitchell, G. W., Berrill, A.. Selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy. I: Characteristics of three hypobaric solutions. Can J Anaesth. 2001;48(3):256–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Ben-David, B., Maryanovsky, M., Gurevitch, A., et al. A comparison of minidose lidocaine–fentanyl and conventional-dose lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(4):865–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jankowski, C. J., Hebl, J. R., Stuart, M. J., et al. A comparison of psoas compartment block and spinal and general anesthesia for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Anesth Analg. 2003;97 (4):1003–09, table of contents.Google ScholarPubMed
Liu, S. S., McDonald, S. B.. Current issues in spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(5):888906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, B. R., Kopacz, D. J.. Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: the effect of added clonidine. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(2):559–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, V., Gierloff, C., Omland, E., Raeder, J. C.. Spinal, epidural or propofol anaesthesia for out-patient knee arthroscopy? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41(10):1341–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labas, P., Ohradka, B., Cambal, M., Olejnik, J., Fillo, J.. Haemorrhoidectomy in outpatient practice. Eur J Surg. 2002;168(11):619–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinbroum, A. A., Lalayev, G., Yashar, T., Ben-Abraham, R., Niv, D., Flaishon, R.. Combined pre-incisional oral dextromethorphan and epidural lidocaine for postoperative pain reduction and morphine sparing: A randomised double-blind study on day-surgery patients. Anaesthesia. 2001;56(7):616–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horlocker, T. T., Bajwa, Z. H., Ashraf, Z., et al. Risk assessment of hemorrhagic complications associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications in ambulatory pain clinic patients undergoing epidural steroid injection. Anesth Analg. 2002;95 (6):1691–97, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, A., Owens, B. D., Mulroy, M. F.. Epidural hematoma after outpatient epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(1):7778, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, E. Y., Kil, H. K., Park, W. S., Lee, N. H., Hong, J. Y.. Effect of epidural saline washout on regression of sensory and motor block after epidural anaesthesia with 2% lidocaine and fentanyl in elderly patients. Anaesthesia. 2009;64(3):273–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf, A. R., Valley, R. D., Fear, D. W., Roy, W. L., Lerman, J.. Bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in infants and children: The optimal effective concentration. Anesthesiology. 1988;69(1):102–06.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadman, L. M., Hannallah, R. S., Belman, A. B., Elder, P. T., Ruttimann, U., Epstein, B. S.. Post-circumcision analgesia – A prospective evaluation of subcutaneous ring block of the penis. Anesthesiology. 1987;67(3):399402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, Q. A., McComiskey, C. M., Hill, J. L., et al. Postoperative voiding interval and duration of analgesia following peripheral or caudal nerve blocks in children. Anesth Analg. 1993;76(1):173–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, B., Doyle, E.. The use of additives to local anaesthetic solutions for caudal epidural blockade. Paediatr Anaesth. 1996;6(5):353–59.Google Scholar
Rawal, N.. Analgesia for day-case surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87(1):7387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawal, N., Holmstrom, B., Crowhurst, J. A., Van Zundert, A.. The combined spinal–epidural technique. Anesth Clin North Am. 2000;18(2):267–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmstrom, B., Laugaland, K., Rawal, N., Hallberg, S.. Combined spinal epidural block versus spinal and epidural block for orthopaedic surgery. Can J Anaesth. 1993;40(7):601–06.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urmey, W. F., Stanton, J., Peterson, M., Sharrock, N. E.. Combined spinal–epidural anesthesia for outpatient surgery. Dose–response characteristics of intrathecal isobaric lidocaine using a 27-gauge Whitacre spinal needle. Anesthesiology. 1995;83(3):528–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Pawlowski, J., Sukhani, R., Pappas, A. L., et al. The anesthetic and recovery profile of two doses (60 and 80 mg) of plain mepivacaine for ambulatory spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(3):580–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckenmaier, C. C., 3rd, Steele, S. M., Nielsen, K. C., Martin, A. H., Klein, S. M.. Bilateral continuous paravertebral catheters for reduction mammoplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002;46(8):1042–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weltz, C. R., Klein, S. M., Arbo, J. E., Greengrass, R. A.. Paravertebral block anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. World J Surg. 2003;27(4):425–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, S. M., Pietrobon, R., Nielsen, K. C., et al. Paravertebral somatic nerve block compared with peripheral nerve blocks for outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27(5):476–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Exadaktylos, A. K., Buggy, D. J., Moriarty, D. C., Mascha, E., Sessler, D. I.. Can anesthetic technique for primary breast cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis? Anesthesiology. 2006;105(4):660–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moller, J. F., Nikolajsen, L., Rodt, S. A., Ronning, H., Carlsson, P. S.. Thoracic paravertebral block for breast cancer surgery: A randomized double-blind study. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(6):1848–51, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, P. L., Mathiesen, O., Torup, H., Dahl, J. B.. The transversus abdominis plane block: A valuable option for postoperative analgesia? A topical review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010;54(5):529–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sviggum, H. P., Niesen, A. D., Sites, B. D., Dilger, J. A.. Trunk blocks 101: Transversus abdominis plane, ilioinguinal–iliohypogastric, and rectus sheath blocks. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2012;50(1):7492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heil, J. W., Ilfeld, B. M., Loland, V. J., Sandhu, N. S., Mariano, E. R.. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane catheters and ambulatory perineural infusions for outpatient inguinal hernia repair. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(6):556–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aasbo, V., Thuen, A., Raeder, J.. Improved long-lasting postoperative analgesia, recovery function and patient satisfaction after inguinal hernia repair with inguinal field block compared with general anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002;46(6):674–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghani, K. R., McMillan, R., Paterson-Brown, S.. Transient femoral nerve palsy following ilio-inguinal nerve blockade for day case inguinal hernia repair. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 2002;47(4):626–29.Google Scholar
Azemati, S., Khosravi, M. B.. An assessment of the value of rectus sheath block for postlaparoscopic pain in gynecologic surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005;12(1):1215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willschke, H., Bosenberg, A., Marhofer, P., et al. Ultrasonography-guided rectus sheath block in paediatric anaesthesia – A new approach to an old technique. Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(2):244–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, S. H., Rest, C., Pearce-Smith, B., Hudson, M. E., Chelly, J. E.. Regional anesthesia for ambulatory surgery: The ideal technique for a growing practice. Anesthesiology News. 2013;39(4)(April 2013):111.Google Scholar
Hadzic, A., Williams, B. A., Karaca, P. E., et al. For outpatient rotator cuff surgery, nerve block anesthesia provides superior same-day recovery over general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(5):1001–07.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casati, A., Borgi, B., Fanelli, G., et al. A double-blinded, randomized comparison of either 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block. Anesth Analg. 2002;94:98790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singelyn, F. J.. Single-injection applications for foot and ankle surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16:247–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clough, T. M., Sander, D., Bale, R. S., Laurence, A. S.. The use of a local anesthetic foot block in patients undergoing outpatient bony forefoot surgery: A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;42:2429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ilfeld, B. M., Enneking, F. K.. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home: A review. Anesth Analg. 2005;100:1822–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aguirre, J., Del Moral, A., Cobo, I., Borgeat, A., Blumenthal, S.. The role of continuous peripheral nerve blocks. Anesth Res Pract. 2012;2012:560879.Google ScholarPubMed
Hebl, J. R.. The importance and implications of aseptic techniques during regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31:311–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swenson, J. D., Cheng, G. S., Axelrod, D. A., Davis, J. J.. Ambulatory anesthesia and regional catheters: When and how. Anesth Clin. 2010;28(2):267–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horlocker, T. T., Wedel, D. J., Rowlingson, J. C., et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(1):64101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, S. M., Nielsen, K. C., Greengrass, R. A., Warner, D. S., Martin, A., Steele, S. M.. Ambulatory discharge after long-acting peripheral nerve blockade: 2382 blocks with ropivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(1):6570, table of contents.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×