Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T18:54:17.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Resistance to Dehumanization during Childhood and Adolescence: A Developmental and Contextual Process

from Part II - Social Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Nancy Budwig
Affiliation:
Clark University, Massachusetts
Elliot Turiel
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Philip David Zelazo
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, J. P., & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.) Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 319335). New York, NY: Guildford PressGoogle Scholar
Anyon, J. (1984). Intersections of gender and class: Accommodation and resistance by working-class and affluent females to contradictory sex role ideologies. Journal of Education, Boston, 166, 2548.Google Scholar
Barker, G. (2000). Gender equitable boys in a gender inequitable world: Reflections from qualitative research and programme development in Rio de Janeiro. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 15, 263282. doi: 10.1080/14681990050109854CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, G. T. (2005). Dying to be men: Youth, masculinity and social exclusion. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swindler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and communalism in American life. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Blazina, C., Pisecco, S., & O’Neil, J. M. (2005). An adaptation of the gender role conflict scale for adolescents: Psychometric issues and correlates with psychological distress Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6, 3945. doi: 10.1037/1524–9220.6.1.39Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34, 844850. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L. M. (1999). Raising their voices: The politics of girls’ anger. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, L. M., & Gilligan, C. (1992). Meeting at the crossroads: Women’s psychology and girls’ development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L. M., Lamb, S., & Tappan, M. (2009). Packaging boyhood: Saving our sons from superheroes, slackers, and other media stereotypes. New York, NY: St Martin’s Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. WW Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Camp, S. M. H. (2004). Closer to freedom: Enslaved women and everyday resistance in the plantation south. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Carter, D. (2008). Achievement as resistance: The development of a critical race achievement ideology among Black achievers. Harvard Educational Review, 78, 466569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, P. L. (2006). Straddling boundaries: Identity, culture, and school. Sociology of Education, 79(4), 304328. doi: 10.1177/003804070607900402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, J. Y. (2004). A relational perspective on adolescent boys’ identity development. In Way, N., & Chu, J. Y. (Eds.), Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood. (pp. 78104). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Chu, J. Y. (2014). When boys become boys: Development, relationships, and masculinity. New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Chu, J. Y., Porche, M. V., & Tolman, D. L. (2005). The adolescent masculinity ideology in relationships scale: Development and validation of a new measure for boys. Men and Masculinities, 89, 93115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, K. B., & Clark, M. P. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In Newcomb, T. M., & Hartley, E. L. (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York, NY: Holt.Google Scholar
Coll, C. G., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H., & Garcia, H. V. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 18911914. doi: 10.2307/1131600CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conchas, G. Q., & Noguera, P. A. (2004). Understanding the exceptions: How small schools support the achievement of academically successful black boys. In Way, N. & Chu, J. (Eds.), Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (pp. 317337). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Cournoyer, R J., & Mahalik, J. R. (1995). Cross-sectional study of gender role conflict examining college-aged and middle-aged men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, W. E. J. (1971). The Negro-to-Black conversion experience. Black World, 20(9), 1327.Google Scholar
Cross, W. E. J. (1978). The Thomas and Cross models of psychological nigrescence: A review. Journal of Black Psychology, 5, 1331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, W. E. J. (1991). Shades of black: Diversity in African-American identity. Philadelphia. PA, US: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Cunningham, M. (1999). African-American adolescent males’ perceptions of their community resources and constraints: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 569588.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cvencek, D., Nasir, N. I. S., O’Connor, K., Wischnia, S., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2014). The development of math–race stereotypes: “They say Chinese people are the best at math.” Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25, 630637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dance, L. J. (2002). Tough fronts: The impact of street culture on schooling. New York, NY: Routledge-Flamer.Google Scholar
Davis, J. E. (2001). Transgressing the masculine: African American boys and the failure of schools. In Martino, W., & Meyenn, B. (Eds.), What about the boys?: Issues of masculinity in schools (pp. 140153). Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. B. (1935). Does the Negro need separate schools? Journal of Negro Education, 4, 328335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edley, N., & Wetherell, M. (1997). Jockeying for position: The construction of masculine identities. Discourse & Society, 8, 203217. doi: 10.1177/0957926597008002004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, A. A. (2000). Bad boys: Public schools in the making of black masculinity. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fordham, S., & Ogbu, J. U. (1986). Black students’ school success: Coping with the “burden of acting White.” The Urban Review, 18, 176206. doi: 10.1007/BF01112192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freire, P. (1967). Education: The practice of freedom. London, UK: Writers and Readers, Ltd.Google Scholar
Frosh, S., Phoenix, A., & Pattman, R. (2002). Young masculinities: Understanding boys in contemporary society. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Limited.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genovese, E. D. (1976). Roll, Jordan, roll: The world the slaves made (Vol. 652). New York, NY: Vintage.Google Scholar
Ghavami, N., & Peplau, L. A. (2013). An intersectional analysis of gender and ethnic stereotypes: Testing three hypotheses. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37, 113127. doi: 10.1177/0361684312464203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, C. (1990). Joining the resistance: Psychology, politics, girls and women. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Gilligan, C. (1991). Women’s psychological development: Implications for psychotherapy. Women & Therapy, 11, 531. doi: 10.1300/J015V11N03_02CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilligan, C. (1996). The centrality of relationship in human development: A puzzle, some evidence, and a theory. In Noam, G. & Fischer, K. (Eds.), Development and vulnerability in close relationships (pp. 237261). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Gilligan, C. (2011). Joining the resistance. Cambridge, UK: Polity PressGoogle Scholar
Good, G. E., Heppner, P. P., DeBord, K. A., & Fischer, A. R. (2004). Understanding men’s psychological distress: Contributions of problem-solving appraisal and masculine role conflict. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5, 168177. doi: 10.1037/1524–9220.5.2.168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Good, G. E., Robertson, J. M., O’Neil, J. M., Fitzgerald, L. F., Stevens, M., DeBord, K. A., et al. (1995). Male gender role conflict: Psychometric issues and relations to psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gough, B. (2001). ‘Biting your tongue’: Negotiating masculinities in contemporary Britain. Journal of Gender Studies, 10, 169185. doi: 10.1080/09589230120053292CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, T., Way, N., McGill, R. K., Hughes, D., Santos, C., Jia, Y., … & Deng, H. (2013). Gender‐typed behaviors in friendships and well‐being: A cross‐cultural study of Chinese and American boys. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 5768. doi: 10.1111/j.1532–7795.2012.00824.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harwood, R. L., Miller, J. G., & Irizarry, N. L. (1997). Culture and attachment: Perceptions of the child in context. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, J. A., & Mahalik, J. R. (2000). Gender role conflict and psychological distress in male counseling center clients. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 1, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, C., & Zeifman, D. (1999). Pair bonds as attachments: Evaluating the evidence. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds) Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 336354). New York, NY: Guildford Press.Google Scholar
Helms, J. E. (1995). Why is there no study of cultural equivalence in standardized cognitive ability testing? In Goldberger, N. R. & Veroff, J. B. (Eds.), The culture and psychology reader (pp. 674719). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Hilliard, A. (2003). No mystery: Closing the achievement gap between Africans and excellence. In Perry, T., Steele, C., & Hilliard, A. (Eds.), Young, gifted and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students (pp. 131165). Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
hooks, b. (1989). Talking back: Thinking feminist, thinking black. Boston, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
Horvat, E. M., & O’Connor, C. (2006). Beyond acting White: Reframing the debate on Black student achievement. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Hrabowski, F. A., Maton, K. I., Greene, M. L., & Greif, G. L. (2002). Overcoming the odds: Raising academically successful African American young women. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hrabowski, F. I., Maton, K. I., & Greif, G. L. (1998). Beating the odds: Raising academically successful African American males. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kimmel, M. S. G. (2008). The perilous world where boys become men. New York, NY: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Lei, J. L. (2003). (Un) Necessary Toughness?: Those” Loud Black Girls” and Those” Quiet Asian Boys.” Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34(2), 158181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, M. D. (2013). Social: Why our brains are wired to connect. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lindsey, M., & Marcell, A. V. (2009). Help-seeking beliefs and perceptions of mental health and substance abuse services among urban males. Paper presented at biennial Society for Research on Child Development Conference, Denver, CO.Google Scholar
López, N. (2003). Hopeful girls, troubled boys: Race and gender disparity in urban education. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mahalik, J. R., Burns, S. M., & Syzdek, M. (2007). Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men’s health behaviors. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 22012209CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahalik, J. R., Pierre, M. R., & Wan, S. S. C. (2006). Examining racial identity and masculinity as correlates of self-esteem and psychological distress in black men. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34, 94104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majors, R., & Billson, J. M. (1992). Cool pose: The dilemmas of African American manhood in America. New York, NY: Lexington.Google Scholar
Nasir, N. S. (2011). Racialized identities: Race and achievement among African American youth. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasir, N. I. S., Snyder, C. R., Shah, N., & Ross, K. M. (2012). Racial storylines and implications for learning. Human Development, 55, 285301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noguera, P. A. (2008). The trouble with Black boys: And other reflections on race, equity, and the future of public education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Ogbu, J. U. (1978). Minority education and caste: The American system in cross-cultural perspective. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
O’Neil, J. M. (2008). Summarizing 25 years of research on men’s gender role conflict using the gender role conflict scale: New research paradigms and clinical implications. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 358445. doi: 10.1177/0011000008317057CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, J. W. (1997). Race and academic disidentification. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 728735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parham, T. A., & Helms, J. E. (1985). Attitudes of racial identity and self-esteem of Black students: An exploratory investigation. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26, 143147.Google Scholar
Pascoe, C. J. (2011). Dude, you’re a fag: Masculinity and sexuality in high school, with a new preface. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, T. (2003). Up from the parched earth: Toward a theory of African American achievement. In Perry, T., Steele, C., & Hilliard, A. G. (Eds.), Young, gifted, and black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students (pp. 1108). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Pleck, J. H. (1981). Psychoanalysis and sex roles–yet another look. Arlington, VA: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pleck, J. H. (1995). The gender role strain paradigm: An update. In Levant, R. F. & Pollack, W. S. (Eds.), A new psychology of men (pp. 1132). New York, NY: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar
Pleck, J. H., Sonenstein, F. L., & Ku, L. C. (1994). Problem behaviors and masculinity ideology in adolescent males. In Ketterlinus, R. D. & Lamb, M. E. (Eds.), Adolescent problem behaviors: Issues and research. (pp. 165186). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar
Pollack, W. S. (1998). Real boys: Rescuing our sons from the myths of boyhood. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, LLC.Google Scholar
Pollack, W. S. (2000). Real boys: Rescuing ourselves from the myths of boyhood. New York, NY: Owl Books.Google Scholar
Pollack, W. S., & Shuster, T. (2000). Real boys’ voices. New York, NY: Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Pulerwitz, J., & Barker, G. (2008). Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: Development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM scale. Men and Masculinities, 10, 322338. doi: 10.1177/1097184X06298778CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, R. D. (2001). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Reichert, M. C., & Ravitch, S. M. (2009). Defying normative male identities: The transgressive possibilities of Jewish boyhood. Youth & Society, 42(1), 104-130. First published on June 10, 2009 as doi: 10.1177/0044118X09338504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T., & Ward, J. V. (1991). “A belief in self far greater than anyone’s disbelief”: Cultivating resistance among African American female adolescents. Women & Therapy, 11, 87103. doi: 10.1300/J015V11N03_06CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L. O. (2012). Young, Black, and male: Exploring the intersections of racial and gender identity in an all-Black, all-male high school. Dissertation; available from ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts (UMI No. 10197).Google Scholar
Rogers, L. O. (2013, March). Black males narrating identities and stereotypes in an all-Black male high school. In Sirin, S. (Chair), Negotiating cultural identities among youth. Paper presented at biennial meeting for Society for Research on Child Development. Seattle, WA.Google Scholar
Rogers, L. O., & Nelson, J. (2010, March). “Masculinity when no girls are watching: Black adolescent males’ experiences in all-male schools.Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
Rogers, L. O., Niwa, E. Y., & Way, N. (2017). The friendships of racial-ethnic minority adolescents in context: Identity and discrimination. Invited chapter in Cabrera, N. & Leyendecker, B. (Eds.) Handbook of positive development of minority children. The Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Rogers, L. O., Scott, M. A., & Way, N. (2015). Racial and gender identity among Black adolescent males: An intersectionality perspective. Child Development, 86(2), 407424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, L. O., & Way, N. (2016). “I have goals to prove all those people wrong and not fit into any one of those boxes”: Paths of resistance to stereotypes among Black adolescent males. Journal of Adolescent Research, 31(3), 263298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558415600071CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L. O., Yang, R., Way, N., Weinberg, S., & Bennett, A. (under review). Masculinity and psychosocial wellbeing among early adolescent girls in US and China. Manuscript under review.Google Scholar
Rubens, J. (2008). OverSuccess: Healing the American obsession with wealth, fame, power, and perfection. Austin, TX: Greenleaf Book Group Press.Google Scholar
Santos, C. E. (2010). The missing story: Resistance to norms of masculinity in the friendships of adolescent boys. Available from ProQuest Dissertations database. (UMI No. 3426967).Google Scholar
Santos, C. E., Galligan, K., Pahlke, E., & Fabes, R. A. (2013). Gender-typed behaviors, achievement, and adjustment among racially and ethnically diverse boys during early adolescence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 252264. doi: 10.1111/ajop.12036CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santos, C., Way, N., & Hughes, D. (2011, April). Linking masculinity and education among middle school students. Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, BC.Google Scholar
Schalet, A. T. (2011). Not under my roof: Parents, teens, and the culture of sex. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schott Foundation (2015). Black lives matter: The Schott 50 state report on public education and Black males. Cambridge, MA: Schott Foundation for Public Education. Retrieved on October 15, 2016 from: www.blackboysreport.org/2015-black-boys-report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sellers, R. M., Chavous, T. M., & Cooke, D. Y. (1998). Racial ideology and racial centrality as predictors of African American college students’ academic performance. Journal of Black Psychology, 24, 827. doi: 10.1177/00957984980241002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellers, R. M., Smith, M. A., Shelton, J. N., Rowley, S. A., & Chavous, T. M. (1998). Multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 18–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, S. A. (2008). Gender: An intersectionality perspective. Sex Roles, 59, 301311. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9501-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smalls, C., White, R., Chavous, T., & Sellers, R. (2007). Racial ideological beliefs and racial discrimination experiences as predictors of academic engagement among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 299330. doi: 10.1177/0095798407302541CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smiler, A. P. (2008). ‘I wanted to get to know her better’: Adolescent boys’ dating motives, masculinity ideology, and sexual behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 1732. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.03.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, M. B. (1995). Old and new theorizing about African American youth: A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory. In Taylor, R. L. (Ed.), Black youth: Perspectives on their status in the United States (pp. 3769). Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar
Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D., Cunningham, M., Harpalani, V., & Munoz-Miller, M. (2003). Vulnerability to violence: A contextually-sensitive, developmental perspective on African American adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 3349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, M. B., Dupree, D., & Hartmann, T. (1997). A phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST): A self-organization perspective in context. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 817833. doi: 10.1017/S0954579497001454CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spencer, M. B., & Markstrom-Adams, C. (1990). Identity processes among racial and ethnic minority children in America. Child Development, 61, 290310. doi: 10.2307/1131095CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Springer, K., & Mouzon, D. (2008, July). “Masculinity and health-care seeking among mid-life men: Variation by social context.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Boston, MA.Google Scholar
Suárez-Orozco, C. (2004). Formulating identity in a globalized world. In, Suárez-Orozco, M. M. & Suárez-Orozco, C. (Eds.), Globalization: Culture and education in the new millennium (pp. 173202). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S., Way, N., Hughes, D., Yoshikawa, H., Kalman, R. K., & Niwa, E. Y. (2008). Parents’ goals for children: The dynamic coexistence of individualism and collectivism in cultures and individuals. Social Development, 17, 183209. doi: 10.1111/j.1467–9507.2007.00419.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tate, W. F. (1997). Critical race theory and education: History, theory, and implications. Review of Research in Education, 22, 195247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatum, B. D. (1997). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?” and other conversations about race. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Tolman, D. L., Spencer, R., Harmon, T., Rosen-Reynoso, M., & Striepe, M. (2004). Getting close, staying cool: Early adolescent boys’ experiences with romantic relationships. In Way, N., Chu, J. Y. (Eds.), Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse cultures of boyhood (pp. 235255). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Turiel, E. (2003). Resistance and subversion in everyday life. Journal of Moral Education, 32, 115130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turiel, E., Chung, E., & Carr, J. A. (2016). Struggles for equal rights and social justice as unrepresented and represented in psychological research. Advances in child development and behavior, 50, 129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ward, J. V. (1996). Raising resisters: The role of truth telling in the psychological development of African American girls. In Leadbeater, B. J. R., & Way, N. (Eds.), Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities. (pp. 8599). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Ward, J. V. (2000). The skin we’re in: Teaching our children to be emotionally strong, socially smart, spiritually connected. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Waters, M. C. (1996). The intersection of gender, race, and ethnicity in identity development of Caribbean American teens. In Leadbeater, B. J. R., & Way, N. (Eds.), Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities. (pp. 6581). New York, NY: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Way, N. (2011). Deep secrets: Boys’ Friendships and the Crisis of Connection. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, N. (2013). Boys’ Friendships during Adolescence: Intimacy, Desire, and Loss. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23, 201213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, N. (2014). Getting to the root of the problem. Feminist.Com: www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/genwom/totheroot.htmlGoogle Scholar
Way, N., Cressen, J., Bodian, S., Preston, J., Nelson, J., & Hughes, D. (2014). “It might be nice to be a girl … Then you wouldn’t have to be emotionless”: Boys’ resistance to norms of masculinity during adolescence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15, 241252. doi: 10.1037/a0037262CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, N., Hernández, M. G., Rogers, L. O., & Hughes, D. L. (2013). “I’m not going to become no rapper”: Stereotypes as a context of ethnic and racial identity development. Journal of Adolescent Research, 28, 407430. doi: 10.1177/0743558413480836CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, N., & Rogers, L. O. (2014). “[T]hey say Black men won’t make it, but I know I’m gonna make it”: Identity development in the context of cultural stereotypes. Chapter in Syed, M. & McLean, K. (Eds.) Oxford handbook of identity development (pp. 269285). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Way, N., Santos, C., Niwa, E. Y., & Kim-Gervey, C. (2008). To be or not to be: An exploration of ethnic identity development in context. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 120, 6179. doi: 10.1002/cd.216CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wester, S. R., Kuo, B. C., & Vogel, D. L. (2006). Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7(2), 83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiting, G. W. (2006). From at risk to at promise: Developing scholar identities among Black males. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 17, 222229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2009). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Wong, Y. J., & Rochlen, A. B. (2008). Re-envisioning men’s emotional lives: Stereotypes, struggles, and strengths. In Lopez, S. J. (Ed), Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people, Vol 2: Capitalizing on emotional experiences (pp. 149163). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×