Brain development in healthy children and adolescents: magnetic resonance imaging studies

Jay N. Giedd: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Michael A. Rosenthal: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
A. Blythe Rose: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Jonathan D. Blumenthal: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Elizabeth Molloy: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Richard R. Dopp: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Liv S. Clasen: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Daniel J. Fridberg: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Nitin Gogtay: Affiliation:
Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, USA
Matcheri S. Keshavan: Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
James L. Kennedy: Affiliation:
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto
Robin M. Murray: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London

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Summary

Using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the team at the Child Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health has been collecting brain MRI scans on healthy children and adolescents since 1989. As of 2003, over 300 scans from 150 healthy subjects are acquired. The data presented in this chapter is largely drawn from this cohort unless otherwise stated. MRI is adept at discerning gray matter, white matter, and fluid on brain images. These boundaries are used to define the size and shape of brain structures or regions. Characterization of normal brain development is imperative to assess the hypothesis that many of the most severe neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood onset are manifestations of deviations from that normative path. Sexual dimorphism in healthy brain development may lead to differential vulnerability, which would account for some of the clinical differences in childhood neuropsychiatric disorders.

Keywords

adolescents brain development children white matter sexual dimorphism magnetic resonance imaging gray matter

Type: Chapter
Information: Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 35 - 44

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735103.004 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

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