Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T21:45:58.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Radiologic evaluation of soft tissue tumors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2016

Markku Miettinen
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Maryland
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Modern Soft Tissue Pathology
Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions
, pp. 11 - 40
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Weekes, RG, McLeod, RA, Reiman, HM, Pritchard, DJ. CT of soft-tissue neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985;144:355360.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, McGuire, MH, Herbold, DR. Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue masses: an evaluation of fifty-three histologically proven tumors. Magn Reson Imaging 1988;6:237248.Google Scholar
Petasnick, JP, Turner, DA, Charters, JR, Gitelis, S, Zacharias, CE. Soft-tissue masses of the locomotor system: comparison of MR imaging with CT. Radiology 1986;160:125133.Google Scholar
Totty, WG, Murphy, WA, Lee, JK. Soft-tissue tumors: MR imaging. Radiology 1986;160:135141.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Jelinek, JS, Moser, R, et al. Soft-tissue masses: diagnosis using MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;153:541547.Google Scholar
Berquist, TH, Ehman, RL, King, BF, Hodgman, CG, Ilstrup, DM. Value of MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant soft-tissue masses: study of 95 lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990;155:12511255.Google Scholar
Crim, JR, Seeger, LL, Yao, L, Chandnani, V, Eckardt, JJ. Diagnosis of soft-tissue masses with MR imaging: can benign masses be differentiated from malignant ones? Radiology 1992;185:581586.Google Scholar
Enzinger, FM, Weiss, SW. General considerations. In Soft Tissue Tumors. Weiss, SW, Goldblum, JR (eds.) St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2008: 1995.Google Scholar
Mettlin, C, Priore, R, Rao, U, et al. Results of the national soft-tissue sarcoma registry. J Surg Oncol 1982;19:224227.Google Scholar
Angervall, L, Kindblom, LG. Principles for pathologic-anatomic diagnosis and classification of soft-tissue sarcomas. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;(289):9–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldursson, G, Agnarsson, BA, Benediktsdottir, KR, Hrafnkelsson, J. Soft tissue sarcomas in Iceland 1955–1988. Analysis of survival and prognostic factors. Acta Oncol 1991;30:563568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jemal, A, Siegel, R, Ward, E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:7196.Google Scholar
Greenlee, RT, Murray, T, Bolden, S, Wingo, PA. Cancer statistics, 2000. CA Cancer J Clin 2000;50:733.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Murphey, MD. Radiologic evaluation of soft-tissue masses: a current perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:575587.Google Scholar
Levine, E, Huntrakoon, M, Wetzel, LH. Malignant nerve-sheath neoplasms in neurofibromatosis: distinction from benign tumors by using imaging techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:10591064.Google Scholar
Hammond, JA, Driedger, AA. Detection of malignant change in neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease) by gallium-67 scanning. Can Med Assoc J 1978;119:352353.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, IL, Swayne, LC, Baydin, JA. Uptake of Ga-67 citrate in a benign neurofibroma. Clin Nucl Med 1989;14:224.Google Scholar
Aoki, J, Watanabe, H, Shinozaki, T, et al. FDG PET of primary benign and malignant bone tumors: standardized uptake value in 52 lesions 1. Radiology 2001;219:774777.Google Scholar
Feldman, F, van Heertum, R, Manos, C. 18-FDG PET scanning of benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions. Skeletal Radiol 2003;32:201208.Google Scholar
Ioannidis, JP, Lau, J. 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis and grading of soft-tissue sarcoma: a meta-analysis. J Nucl Med 2003;44:717724.Google Scholar
Tateishi, U, Yamaguchi, U, Seki, K, et al. Bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: preoperative staging with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and conventional imaging. Radiology 2007;245:839.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Murphey, MD. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997.Google Scholar
Feydy, A, Anract, P, Tomeno, B, Chevrot, A, Drape, JL. Assessment of vascular invasion by musculoskeletal tumors of the limbs: use of contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 2006;238:611621.Google Scholar
Swan, JS, Grist, TM, Sproat, IA, et al. Musculoskeletal neoplasms: preoperative evaluation with MR angiography. Radiology 1995;194:519524.Google Scholar
Panicek, DM, Gatsonis, C, Rosenthal, DI, et al. CT and MR imaging in the local staging of primary malignant musculoskeletal neoplasms: report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group. Radiology 1997;202:237246.Google Scholar
Dalinka, MK, Zlatkin, MB, Chao, P, Kricun, ME, Kressel, HY. The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of bone and soft-tissue tumors. Radiol Clin North Am 1990;28:461470.Google Scholar
Pettersson, H, Gillespy, T, 3rd, Hamlin, DJ, et al. Primary musculoskeletal tumors: examination with MR imaging compared with conventional modalities. Radiology 1987;164:237241.Google Scholar
Tehranzadeh, J, Mnaymneh, W, Ghavam, C, Morillo, G, Murphy, BJ. Comparison of CT and MR imaging in musculoskeletal neoplasms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989;13:466472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aisen, AM, Martel, W, Braunstein, EM, et al. MRI and CT evaluation of primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;146:749756.Google Scholar
Chang, AE, Matory, YL, Dwyer, AJ, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in the evaluation of soft tissue tumors of the extremities. Ann Surg 1987;205:340348.Google Scholar
Demas, BE, Heelan, RT, Lane, J, et al. Soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: comparison of MR and CT in determining the extent of disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:615620.Google Scholar
Hudson, TM, Hamlin, DJ, Enneking, WF, Pettersson, H. Magnetic resonance imaging of bone and soft tissue tumors: early experience in 31 patients compared with computed tomography. Skeletal Radiol 1985;13:134146.Google Scholar
Weekes, RG, Berquist, TH, McLeod, RA, Zimmer, WD. Magnetic resonance imaging of soft-tissue tumors: comparison with computed tomography. Magn Reson Imaging 1985;3:345352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bloem, JL, Taminiau, AH, Eulderink, F, Hermans, J, Pauwels, EK. Radiologic staging of primary bone sarcoma: MR imaging, scintigraphy, angiography, and CT correlated with pathologic examination. Radiology 1988;169:805810.Google Scholar
Rubin, DA, Kneeland, JB. MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system: technical considerations for enhancing image quality and diagnostic yield. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;163:11551163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirowitz, SA. Fast scanning and fat-suppression MR imaging of musculoskeletal disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:11471157.Google Scholar
Fujimoto, H, Murakami, K, Ichikawa, T, et al. MRI of soft-tissue lesions: opposed-phase T2*-weighted gradient-echo images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993;17:418424.Google Scholar
Shuman, WP, Baron, RL, Peters, MJ, Tazioli, PK. Comparison of STIR and spin-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T in 90 lesions of the chest, liver, and pelvis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:853859.Google Scholar
Dwyer, AJ, Frank, JA, Sank, VJ, et al. Short-Ti inversion-recovery pulse sequence: analysis and initial experience in cancer imaging. Radiology 1988;168:827836.Google Scholar
Beltran, J, Chandnani, V, McGhee, RA Jr., Kursunoglu-Brahme, S. Gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;156:457466.Google Scholar
Verstraete, KL, De Deene, Y, Roels, H, et al. Benign and malignant musculoskeletal lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging-parametric “first-pass” images depict tissue vascularization and perfusion. Radiology 1994;192:835843.Google Scholar
Benedikt, RA, Jelinek, JS, Kransdorf, MJ, Moser, RP, Berrey, BH. MR imaging of soft-tissue masses: role of gadopentetate dimeglumine. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994;4:485490.Google Scholar
Takebayashi, S, Sugiyama, M, Nagase, M, Matsubara, S. Severe adverse reaction to IV gadopentetate dimeglumine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:659.Google Scholar
Tardy, B, Guy, C, Barral, G, et al. Anaphylactic shock induced by intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine. Lancet 1992;339:494.Google Scholar
Tishler, S, Hoffman, JC Jr. Anaphylactoid reactions to i.v. gadopentetate dimeglumine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11:1723.Google Scholar
Omohundro, JE, Elderbrook, MK, Ringer, TV. Laryngospasm after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. J Magn Reson Imaging 1992;2:729730.Google Scholar
Shellock, FG, Hahn, HP, Mink, JH, Itskovich, E. Adverse reaction to intravenous gadoteridol. Radiology 1993;189:151152.Google Scholar
Jordan, RM, Mintz, RD. Fatal reaction to gadopentetate dimeglumine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:743744.Google Scholar
Harkens, KL, Moore, TE, Yuh, WT, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of soft tissue masses. Australas Radiol 1993; 37:3034.Google Scholar
Seeger, LL, Widoff, BE, Bassett, LW, Rosen, G, Eckardt, JJ. Preoperative evaluation of osteosarcoma: value of gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:347351.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Murphey, MD. The use of gadolinium in the MR evaluation of soft tissue tumors. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1997;18:251268.Google Scholar
Lin, J, Fessell, DP, Jacobson, JA, Weadock, WJ, Hayes, CW. An illustrated tutorial of musculoskeletal sonography: part I, introduction and general principles. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:637645.Google Scholar
Fornage, BD, Tassin, GB. Sonographic appearances of superficial soft tissue lipomas. J Clin Ultrasound 1991;19:215220.Google Scholar
Lin, J, Jacobson, JA, Fessell, DP, Weadock, WJ, Hayes, CW. An illustrated tutorial of musculoskeletal sonography: part 4, musculoskeletal masses, sonographically guided interventions, and miscellaneous topics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:17111719.Google Scholar
Loyer, EM, DuBrow, RA, David, CL, Coan, JD, Eftekhari, F. Imaging of superficial soft-tissue infections: sonographic findings in cases of cellulitis and abscess. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;166:149152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, H, Varma, DG, Fornage, BD, Kim, EE, Johnston, DA. Soft-tissue sarcoma: MR imaging vs sonography for detection of local recurrence after surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:353358.Google Scholar
Enneking, WF, Spanier, SS, Goodman, MA. A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980;(153):106120.Google Scholar
Hajdu, SI. Pathology of Soft Tissue Tumors. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1979.Google Scholar
Russell, WO, Cohen, J, Edmonson, JH, et al. Staging system for soft tissue sarcoma. Semin Oncol 1981;8:156159.Google ScholarPubMed
McDonald, DJ. Limb-salvage surgery for treatment of sarcomas of the extremities. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;163:509513; discussion 514–506.Google Scholar
Myhre-Jensen, O. A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benign soft tissue tumours. Clinicopathologic data: comparison with sarcomas. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52:287293.Google Scholar
Rydholm, A. Management of patients with soft-tissue tumors: strategy developed at a regional oncology center. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1983;203:1377.Google Scholar
Peabody, TD, Simon, MA. Principles of staging of soft-tissue sarcomas. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;(289):19–31.Google Scholar
Anderson, MW, Temple, HT, Dussault, RG, Kaplan, PA. Compartmental anatomy: relevance to staging and biopsy of musculoskeletal tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:16631671.Google Scholar
Robinson, E, Bleakney, RR, Ferguson, PC, O’Sullivan, B. Oncodiagnosis panel: 2007: multidisciplinary management of soft-tissue sarcoma. Radiographics 2008;28:20692086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osment, LS. Cutaneous lipomas and lipomatosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1968;127:129132.Google ScholarPubMed
Leffert, RD. Lipomas of the upper extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1972;54:12621266.Google Scholar
Rydholm, A, Berg, NO. Size, site and clinical incidence of lipoma. Factors in the differential diagnosis of lipoma and sarcoma. Acta Orthop Scand 1983;54:929934.Google Scholar
Dooms, GC, Hricak, H, Sollitto, RA, Higgins, CB. Lipomatous tumors and tumors with fatty component: MR imaging potential and comparison of MR and CT results. Radiology 1985;157:479483.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Moser, RP Jr., Meis, JM, Meyer, CA. Fat-containing soft-tissue masses of the extremities. Radiographics 1991;11:81106.Google Scholar
Hunter, JC, Johnston, WH, Genant, HK. Computed tomography evaluation of fatty tumors of the somatic soft tissues: clinical utility and radiologic-pathologic correlation. Skeletal Radiol 1979;4:7991.Google Scholar
Dolph, JL, Demuth, RJ, Miller, SH. Familial multiple lipomatosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1980;66:620622.Google Scholar
Barkhof, F, Melkert, P, Meyer, S, Blomjous, CE. Derangement of adipose tissue: a case report of multicentric retroperitoneal liposarcomas, retroperitoneal lipomatosis and multiple subcutaneous lipomas. Eur J Surg Oncol 1991;17:547550.Google Scholar
Bancroft, LW, Kransdorf, MJ, Peterson, JJ, O’Connor, MI. Benign fatty tumors: classification, clinical course, imaging appearance, and treatment. Skeletal Radiol 2006;35:719733.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Carroll, JF, Flemming, DJ, et al. From the archives of the AFIP: benign musculoskeletal lipomatous lesions. Radiographics 2004;24:14331466.Google Scholar
Leffell, DJ, Braverman, IM. Familial multiple lipomatosis: report of a case and a review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:275279.Google Scholar
Chung, EB, Enzinger, FM. Benign lipoblastomatosis: an analysis of 35 cases. Cancer 1973;32:482492.Google Scholar
Jimenez, JF. Lipoblastoma in infancy and childhood. J Surg Oncol 1986;32:238244.Google Scholar
Lateur, L, Van Ongeval, C, Samson, I, Van Damme, B, Baert, AL. Case report 842: benign hibernoma. Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:306309.Google Scholar
Seynaeve, P, Mortelmans, L, Kockx, M, Van Hoye, M, Mathijs, R. Case report 813: hibernoma of the left thigh. Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:137138.Google Scholar
Ritchie, DA, Aniq, H, Davies, AM, Mangham, DC, Helliwell, TR. Hibernoma-correlation of histopathology and magnetic-resonance-imaging features in 10 cases. Skeletal Radiol 2006;35:579589.Google Scholar
Jelinek, JS, Kransdorf, MJ, Shmookler, BM, Aboulafia, AJ, Malawer, MM. Liposarcoma of the extremities: MR and CT findings in the histologic subtypes. Radiology 1993;186:455459.Google Scholar
London, J, Kim, EE, Wallace, S, et al. MR imaging of liposarcomas: correlation of MR features and histology. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989;13:832835.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Meis, JM, Jelinek, JS. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the extremities: imaging findings in four patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;161:127130.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, Baran, G, Merenda, G, McDonald, DJ. Myxoid liposarcoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearances with clinical and histological correlation. Skeletal Radiol 1990;19:359362.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Flemming, DJ, Jelinek, JS, et al. Imaging of higher grade liposarcoma with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1997;208:332.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Bancroft, LW, Peterson, JJ, et al. Imaging of fatty tumors: distinction of lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma. Radiology 2002;224:99104.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Arcara, LK, Fanburg-Smith, J. From the archives of the AFIP: imaging of musculoskeletal liposarcoma with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2005;25:13711395.Google Scholar
Ohguri, T, Aoki, T, Hisaoka, M, et al. Differential diagnosis of benign peripheral lipoma from well-differentiated liposarcoma on MR imaging: is comparison of margins and internal characteristics useful? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003;180:16891694.Google Scholar
Sung, MS, Kang, HS, Suh, JS, et al. Myxoid liposarcoma: appearance at MR imaging with histologic correlation. Radiographics 2000;20:10071019.Google Scholar
Tateishi, U, Hasegawa, T, Beppu, Y, et al. Prognostic significance of MRI findings in patients with myxoid-round cell liposarcoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:725731.Google Scholar
Vilanova, JC, Barcelo, J, Smirniotopoulos, JG, et al. Hemangioma from head to toe: MR imaging with pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2004;24:367385.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Fairbairn, KJ, Parman, LM, et al. From the archives of the AFIP. Musculoskeletal angiomatous lesions: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1995;15:893917.Google Scholar
Derchi, LE, Balconi, G, De Flaviis, L, Oliva, A, Rosso, F. Sonographic appearances of hemangiomas of skeletal muscle. J Ultrasound Med 1989;8:263267.Google Scholar
Greenspan, A, McGahan, JP, Vogelsang, P, Szabo, RM. Imaging strategies in the evaluation of soft-tissue hemangiomas of the extremities: correlation of the findings of plain radiography, angiography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography in 12 histologically proven cases. Skeletal Radiol 1992;21:1118.Google Scholar
Hawnaur, JM, Whitehouse, RW, Jenkins, JP, Isherwood, I. Musculoskeletal haemangiomas: comparison of MRI with CT. Skeletal Radiol 1990;19:251258.Google Scholar
Buetow, PC, Kransdorf, MJ, Moser, RP Jr., Jelinek, JS, Berrey, BH. Radiologic appearance of intramuscular hemangioma with emphasis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990;154:563567.Google Scholar
Yuh, WT, Kathol, MH, Sein, MA, Ehara, S, Chiu, L. Hemangiomas of skeletal muscle: MR findings in five patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:765768.Google Scholar
Cohen, EK, Kressel, HY, Perosio, T, et al. MR imaging of soft-tissue hemangiomas: correlation with pathologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:10791081.Google Scholar
Nelson, MC, Stull, MA, Teitelbaum, GP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral soft tissue hemangiomas. Skeletal Radiol 1990;19:477482.Google Scholar
McRae, GA, Murphey, MD, Temple, HT, Torop, AH, Fanburg-Smith, J. Imaging of soft tissue hemangioma with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1997;205:449.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Smith, WS, Smith, SE, Kransdorf, MJ, Temple, HT. From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1999;19:12531280.Google Scholar
Suh, JS, Abenoza, P, Galloway, HR, Everson, LI, Griffiths, HJ. Peripheral (extracranial) nerve tumors: correlation of MR imaging and histologic findings. Radiology 1992;183:341346.Google Scholar
Kumar, AJ, Kuhajda, FP, Martinez, CR, et al. Computed tomography of extracranial nerve sheath tumors with pathological correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1983;7:857865.Google Scholar
Stull, MA, Moser, RP Jr., Kransdorf, MJ, Bogumill, GP, Nelson, MC. Magnetic resonance appearance of peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Skeletal Radiol 1991;20:914.Google Scholar
Cerofolini, E, Landi, A, DeSantis, G, et al. MR of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991;15:593597.Google Scholar
Cohen, LM, Schwartz, AM, Rockoff, SD. Benign schwannomas: pathologic basis for CT inhomogeneities. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1983;147:141143.Google Scholar
Singson, RD, Feldman, F, Slipman, CW, et al. Postamputation neuromas and other symptomatic stump abnormalities: detection with CT. Radiology 1987;162:743745.Google Scholar
Boutin, RD, Pathria, MN, Resnick, D. Disorders in the stumps of amputee patients: MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:497501.Google Scholar
Zanetti, M, Ledermann, T, Zollinger, H, Hodler, J. Efficacy of MR imaging in patients suspected of having Morton’s neuroma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:529532.Google Scholar
Redd, RA, Peters, VJ, Emery, SF, Branch, HM, Rifkin, MD. Morton neuroma: sonographic evaluation. Radiology 1989;171:415417.Google Scholar
Zanetti, M, Strehle, JK, Zollinger, H, Hodler, J. Morton neuroma and fluid in the intermetatarsal bursae on MR images of 70 asymptomatic volunteers. Radiology 1997;203:516520.Google Scholar
Hassell, DS, Bancroft, LW, Kransdorf, MJ, et al. Imaging appearance of diffuse neurofibroma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;190:582588.Google Scholar
Huang, GS, Huang, CW, Lee, HS, et al. Diffuse neurofibroma of the arm: MR characteristics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:17111712.Google Scholar
Bredella, MA, Torriani, M, Hornicek, F, et al. Value of PET in the assessment of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189:928935.Google Scholar
Feldman, F, Singson, RD, Staron, RB. Magnetic resonance imaging of para-articular and ectopic ganglia. Skeletal Radiol 1989;18:353358.Google Scholar
Schwimmer, M, Edelstein, G, Heiken, JP, Gilula, LA. Synovial cysts of the knee: CT evaluation. Radiology 1985;154:175177.Google Scholar
Haller, J, Resnick, D, Greenway, G, et al. Juxtaacetabular ganglionic (or synovial) cysts: CT and MR features. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989;13:976983.Google Scholar
Recht, MP, Applegate, G, Kaplan, P, et al. The MR appearance of cruciate ganglion cysts: a report of 16 cases. Skeletal Radiol 1994;23:597600.Google Scholar
De Flaviis, L, Nessi, R, Del Bo, P, Calori, G, Balconi, G. High-resolution ultrasonography of wrist ganglia. J Clin Ultrasound 1987;15:1722.Google Scholar
Teefey, SA, Dahiya, N, Middleton, WD, Gelberman, RH, Boyer, MI. Ganglia of the hand and wrist: a sonographic analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:716720.Google Scholar
Burk, DL Jr., Dalinka, MK, Kanal, E, et al. Meniscal and ganglion cysts of the knee: MR evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:331336.Google Scholar
Schuldt, DR, Wolfe, RD. Clinical and arthrographic findings in meniscal cysts. Radiology 1980;134:4952.Google Scholar
Tyson, LL, Daughters, TC Jr., Ryu, RK, Crues, JV, 3rd. MRI appearance of meniscal cysts. Skeletal Radiol 1995;24:421424.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, McDonald, DJ, Merenda, G. Intramuscular myxoma: a rare but important association with fibrous dysplasia of bone. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;153:107108.Google Scholar
Wirth, WA, Leavitt, D, Enzinger, FM. Multiple intramuscular myxomas. Another extraskeletal manifestation of fibrous dysplasia. Cancer 1971;27:321340.Google Scholar
Brandser, EA, Goree, JC, El-Khoury, GY. Elastofibroma dorsi: prevalence in an elderly patient population as revealed by CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998;171:977980.Google Scholar
Bui-Mansfield, LT, Chew, FS, Stanton, CA. Elastrofibroma dorsi of the chest wall. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:244.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Meis, JM, Montgomery, E. Elastofibroma: MR and CT appearance with radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:575579.Google Scholar
Cotten, A, Flipo, RM, Chastanet, P, et al. Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip: review of radiographic features in 58 patients. Skeletal Radiol 1995;24:16.Google Scholar
Jelinek, JS, Kransdorf, MJ, Shmookler, BM, Aboulafia, AA, Malawer, MM. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: MR findings in nine cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1994;162:919922.Google Scholar
Jelinek, JS, Kransdorf, MJ, Utz, JA, et al. Imaging of pigmented villonodular synovitis with emphasis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:337342.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Rhee, JH, Lewis, RB, et al. Pigmented villonodular synovitis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2008;28:14931518.Google Scholar
Milgram, JW. Synovial osteochondromatosis: a histopathological study of thirty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977;59:792801.Google Scholar
Blandino, A, Salvi, L, Chirico, G, et al. Synovial osteochondromatosis of the ankle: MR findings. Clin Imaging 1992;16:3436.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, McGuire, MH, Fletcher, J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of lesions of synovial origin. Skeletal Radiol 1986;15:110116.Google Scholar
Kramer, J, Recht, M, Deely, DM, et al. MR appearance of idiopathic synovial osteochondromatosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1993;17:772776.Google Scholar
Murphey, MD, Vidal, JA, Fanburg-Smith, JC, Gajewski, DA. Imaging of synovial chondromatosis with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2007;27:14651488.Google Scholar
Rock, MG, Pritchard, DJ, Reiman, HM, Soule, EH, Brewster, RC. Extra-abdominal desmoid tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984;66:13691374.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, Duffrin, H, McGuire, MH, Vas, W. Synchronous multicentric desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) of the extremities. Skeletal Radiol 1988;17:1619.Google Scholar
Quinn, SF, Erickson, SJ, Dee, PM, et al. MR imaging in fibromatosis: results in 26 patients with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991;156:539542.Google Scholar
Sundaram, M, McGuire, MH, Schajowicz, F. Soft-tissue masses: histologic basis for decreased signal (short T2) on T2-weighted MR images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;148:12471250.Google Scholar
Robbin, MR, Murphey, MD, Temple, HT, Kransdorf, MJ, Choi, JJ. Imaging of musculoskeletal fibromatosis. Radiographics 2001;21:585600.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ, Jelinek, JS, Moser, RP Jr., et al. Magnetic resonance appearance of fibromatosis: a report of 14 cases and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol 1990;19:495499.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ. Malignant soft-tissue tumors in a large referral population: distribution of diagnoses by age, sex, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:129134.Google Scholar
Kransdorf, MJ. Benign soft-tissue tumors in a large referral population: distribution of specific diagnoses by age, sex, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:395402.Google Scholar
Beltran, J, Simon, DC, Katz, W, Weis, LD. Increased MR signal intensity in skeletal muscle adjacent to malignant tumors: pathologic correlation and clinical relevance. Radiology 1987;162:251255.Google Scholar
Hanna, SL, Fletcher, BD, Parham, DM, Bugg, MF. Muscle edema in musculoskeletal tumors: MR imaging characteristics and clinical significance. J Magn Reson Imaging 1991;1:441449.Google Scholar
Mirowitz, SA, Totty, WG, Lee, JK. Characterization of musculoskeletal masses using dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced spin-echo MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;16:120125.Google Scholar
Deschepper, A, Ramon, FA, Degryse, HR. Statistical analysis of MRI parameters predicting malignancy in 141 soft tissue masses. Rofo 1992;156:587591.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×