Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Introduction
- Participants
- Non-Participant Contributors
- Part 1 Transmissible diseases with long development times and vaccination strategies
- Part 2 Dynamics of immunity (development of disease within individuals)
- Part 3 Population heterogeneity (mixing)
- Part 4 Consequences of treatment interventions
- Conflicts between the individual and communities in treatment and control
- The design and analysis of HIV clinical trials
- A theory of population dynamics used for improving control of viral diseases: AZT chemotherapy and measles vaccination policy
- The ONCHOSIM model and it use in decision support for river blindness control
- Invited Discussion
- Invited Discussion
- Hydatid disease
- Vaccines and herd immunity: consequences for vaccine evaluation
- An epidemiological approach to the evaluation of disease control strategies for intestinal helminth infections: an age structured model
- The control of directly transmitted infections by pulse vaccination: concepts and preliminary studies
- Operational models for the prevention of blindness
- Part 5 Prediction
The control of directly transmitted infections by pulse vaccination: concepts and preliminary studies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Introduction
- Participants
- Non-Participant Contributors
- Part 1 Transmissible diseases with long development times and vaccination strategies
- Part 2 Dynamics of immunity (development of disease within individuals)
- Part 3 Population heterogeneity (mixing)
- Part 4 Consequences of treatment interventions
- Conflicts between the individual and communities in treatment and control
- The design and analysis of HIV clinical trials
- A theory of population dynamics used for improving control of viral diseases: AZT chemotherapy and measles vaccination policy
- The ONCHOSIM model and it use in decision support for river blindness control
- Invited Discussion
- Invited Discussion
- Hydatid disease
- Vaccines and herd immunity: consequences for vaccine evaluation
- An epidemiological approach to the evaluation of disease control strategies for intestinal helminth infections: an age structured model
- The control of directly transmitted infections by pulse vaccination: concepts and preliminary studies
- Operational models for the prevention of blindness
- Part 5 Prediction
Summary
The vaccination of a range of age cohorts on a periodic basis – termed pulse vaccination – for the control of common childhood infections, may, under some circumstances, be an attractive alternative or addition to routine infant immunization schedules (Quadros et al. 1991, Agur et al. 1993). Following from the recent work of Agur et al. (1993), studies are in progress in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the mechanism by which pulse vaccination influences the infection dynamics of directly transmitted ‘close contact’ infections and to explore the merits of such immunization programmes when compared with routine continuous cohort immunization. The preliminary work presented here outlines a conceptual framework for understanding how pulse vaccination programmes effect control on infection transmission, and for establishing rough criteria for the necessary interval between pulses, Tv, for a defined age range vaccinated, and analyses some of the temporal changes induced by pulse strategies.
The basic criterion for control of an infection transmitted by close contact, such as measles, is to keep susceptible numbers, X, below that required to establish an epidemic, i.e. the equilibrium or threshold number of susceptibles, XT (or proportion x* = 1/R0). Assume a closed homogeneously mixing stationary population, exhibiting Type I survival (step function mortality), with an infection at stable endemic equilibrium. Further assume that all individuals are born susceptible, remaining so until of age A, the average age at infection, whence they become infected (for a negligible period of time), and rapidly move into the immune class in which they remain until death at age L (Anderson and May 1991).
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- Information
- Models for Infectious Human DiseasesTheir Structure and Relation to Data, pp. 399 - 401Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1996
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