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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2011
THE LAST COMMANDS AND PROMISES OF JESUS.
In the last interview of Jesus with his disciples, which according to Mark and Luke closed with the ascension, the three first evangelists (the fourth has something similar on the very first interview) represent Jesus as delivering testamentary commands and promises, which referred to the establishment and propagation of the messianic kingdom on earth.
With regard to the commands, Jesus in Luke (xxiv. 47 f.; Acts i. 8.) in parting from his disciples appoints them to be witnesses of his messiahship, and charges them to preach repentance and remission of sins in his name from Jerusalem to the uttermost parts of the earth. In Mark (xvi. 15 f.) he enjoins them to go into all the world and bring to every creature the glad tidings of the messianic kingdom founded by him; he who believes and is baptized will be saved, he who believeth not, will (in the future messianic judgment) be condemned. In Matthew (xxviii. 19 f.) the disciples are also commissioned to make disciples of all nations πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, and here baptism is not mentioned incidentally merely, as in Mark, but is made the subject of an express command by Jesus, and is besides more precisely described as a baptism in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατϱὸς ϰαὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ ϰαὶ τοῦ ἀγίου πνεύματος.
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