Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:45:59.810Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - Anticipatory grief, persistence, and recovery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2016

Dean A. Shepherd ,
Trenton Williams ,
Marcus Wolfe  and
Holger Patzelt
Dean A. Shepherd
Affiliation:
Indiana University
Trenton Williams
Affiliation:
Indiana University
Marcus Wolfe
Affiliation:
Ball State University, Indiana
Holger Patzelt
Affiliation:
Technische Universität München
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Learning from Entrepreneurial Failure
Emotions, Cognitions, and Actions
 , pp. 75 - 115
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldrich, H. E. 1979. Organizations and Environments. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Altman, E. I. 1968. Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4): 589–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amir, N., Coles, M. E., Brigidi, B., and Foa, E. B. 2001. The effect of practice on recall of emotional information in individuals with generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(1): 76–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amit, R., MacCrimmon, K. R., Zietsma, C., and Oesch, J. M. 2001. Does money matter?: Wealth attainment as the motive for initiating growth-oriented technology ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2): 119–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. J. 2003a. The psychology of doing nothing: Forms of decision avoidance result from reason and emotion. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1): 139–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, M. C. 2003e. Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49: 415–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ansic, D. and Pugh, G. 1999. An experimental test of trade hysteresis: Market exit and entry decisions in the presence of sunk costs and exchange rate uncertainty. Applied Economics, 31(4): 427–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, J. 1999. The Nature of Grief: The Evolution and Psychology of Reactions to Loss. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Audia, P. G., Locke, E. A., and Smith, K. G. 2000. The paradox of success: An archival and a laboratory study of strategic persistence following radical environmental change. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5): 837–853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baden-Fuller, C. W. F. 1989. Exit from declining industries and the case of steel castings. The Economic Journal, 99(398): 949–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. 1982. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37: 122–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. 2000. Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3): 75–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardi, A., Calogero, R. M., and Mullen, B. 2008. A new archival approach to the study of values and value – Behavior relations: Validation of the value lexicon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3): 483–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, R. A. and Tang, J. 2011. The role of entrepreneurs in firm-level innovation: Joint effects of positive affect, creativity, and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1): 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, D. W. and Dess, G. G. 1979. Industry profitability and firm performance: A preliminary analysis of the business portfolio question. Academy of Management Proceedings: 123–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bluedorn, A. C. 1993. Pilgrim's progress: Trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments. Journal of Management, 19(2): 163–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonanno, G. A. and Keltner, D. 1997. Facial expressions of emotion and the course of conjugal bereavement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1): 126–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourgeois, L. J. III and Eisenhardt, K. M. 1987. Strategic decision processes in Silicon Valley: The anatomy of a “living dead”. California Management Review, 30(1): 143–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brief, A. P. and Aldag, R. J. 1977. The intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 2(3): 496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. L. and Eisenhardt, K. M. 1997. The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1): 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruno, A. V., McQuarrie, E. F., and Torgrimson, C. G. 1992. The evolution of new technology ventures over 20 years: Patterns of failure, merger, and survival. Journal of Business Venturing, 7: 291–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busenitz, L. W. and Barney, J. B. 1997. Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1): 9–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, O. and Shepherd, D. A. 2015. Different strokes for different folks: Entrepreneurial narratives of emotion, cognition, and making sense of business failure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(2): 375–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldini, R. B. 1993. Influence: Science and Practice (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. A. 1992. A decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1): 21–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, C. A. 1995. An empirical test of a decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7: 95–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardon, M. S., Zietsma, C., Saparito, P., Matherne, B. P., and Davis, C. 2005. A tale of passion: New insights into entrepreneurship from a parenthood metaphor. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1): 23–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., and Gatewood, E. J. 2003. The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1): 13–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., and Crick, A. 1998. Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4): 295–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christopherson, L. K. 1976. Cardiac transplant: Preparation for dying or for living. Health and Social Work, 1(1): 58–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotton, J. L. and Tuttle, J. M. 1986. Employee turnover: A meta-analysis and review with implications for research. Academy of Management Review, 11(1): 55–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cova, B. and Svanfeldt, C. 1993. Societal innovations and the postmodern aestheticization of everyday life. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10: 297–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dess, G. G. and Beard, D. W. 1984. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1): 52–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeTienne, D. R., Shepherd, D. A., and De Castro, J. O. 2008. The fallacy of “only the strong survive”: The effects of extrinsic motivation on the persistence decisions for under-performing firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(5): 528–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobrev, S. D. and Barnett, W. P. 2005. Organizational roles and transition to entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3): 433–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, S. D. 2002. Metaphors and meaning: A grounded cultural model of US entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(5): 519–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downing, S. 2005. The social construction of entrepreneurship: Narrative and dramatic processes in the coproduction of organizations and identities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(2): 185–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensley, M. D., Pearce, C. L., and Hmieleski, K. M. 2006. The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between entrepreneur leadership behavior and new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(2): 243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feather, N. T. 1995. Values, valences, and choice: The influences of values on the perceived attractiveness and choice of alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6): 1135–1151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, D. P. 2005. Managerial determinants of decision speed in new ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 26(4): 355–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forys, K. L. and Dahlquist, L. M. 2007. The influence of preferred coping style and cognitive strategy on laboratory-induced pain. Health Psychology, 26(1): 22–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garland, H., Sandefur, C., and Rogers, A. 1990. De-escalation of commitment in oil exploration: When sunk losses and negative feedback coincide. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75: 721–727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gimeno, J., Folta, T. B., Cooper, A. C., and Woo, C. Y. 1997. Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4): 750–783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gist, M. E. 1987. Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 12(3): 472–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goddard, R. D., Hoy, W. K., and Hoy, A. W. 2004. Collective efficacy beliefs: Theoretical developments, empirical evidence, and future directions. Educational Researcher, 33(3): 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goll, I. and Rasheed, A. A. 2005. The relationships between top management demographic characteristics, rational decision making, environmental munificence, and firm performance. Organization Studies, 26(7): 999–1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greve, H. R. 2002. Sticky aspirations: Organizational time perspective and competitiveness. Organization Science, 13(1): 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, M. L. A., Shepherd, D. A., and Griffin, D. 2005. A hubris theory of entrepreneurship. Management Science, 52(2): 160–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, M. L. A., Forster, W. R., Sarasvathy, S. D., and Fredrickson, B. L. 2009. Beyond hubris: How highly confident entrepreneurs rebound to venture again. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6): 569–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Sirmon, D. G., and Trahms, C. A. 2011. Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating value for individuals, organizations, and society. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(2): 57–75.Google Scholar
Hmieleski, K. M. and Baron, R. A. 2008. Regulatory focus and new venture performance: A study of entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation under conditions of risk versus uncertainty. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(4): 285–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, L. and Carron, A. V. 1992. Collective efficacy and group performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 23(1): 48–59.Google Scholar
Holland, D. V. and Shepherd, D. A. 2013. Deciding to persist: Adversity, values, and entrepreneurs’ decision policies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2): 331–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackofsky, E. F. and Peters, L. H. 1983. The hypothesized effects of ability in the turnover process. Academy of Management Review, 8(1): 46–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobs, S., Mazure, C., and Prigerson, H. 2000. Diagnostic criteria for traumatic grief. Death Studies, 24(3): 185–199.Google ScholarPubMed
Johnston, M. W., Parasuraman, A., Futrell, C. M., and Black, W. C. 1990. A longitudinal assessment of the impact of selected organizational influences on salespeople's organizational commitment during early employment. Journal of Marketing Research, 17: 333–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judge, T. A. and Bretz, R. D. 1992. Effects of work values on job choice decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(3): 261–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. 1979. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2): 263–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karakaya, F. 2000. Market exit and barriers to exit: Theory and practice. Psychology and Marketing, 17(8): 651–668.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., and Naffziger, D. W. 1997. An examination of owner's goals in sustaining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1): 24–33.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. and Folkman, S. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., and Larkin, K. C. 1984. Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(3): 356–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinthal, D. A. and March, J. G. 1993. The myopia of learning. Strategic Management Journal, 14: 95–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, M. and Simerly, R. L. 1998. The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the ownership and performance relationship. Strategic Management Journal, 19(2): 169–179.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindemann, E. 1944. Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101: 141–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, B. L. and Madigan, R. M. 1997. The relationship between collective efficacy and performance in manufacturing work teams. Small Group Research, 28(4): 517–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, B. and Schmader, T. 1998. Coping with stigma through psychological disengagement. In Swim, J. and Stangor, C. (eds.), Prejudice: The Target's Perspective: 219–241. New York: Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, B., Spencer, S., Schmader, T., Wolfe, C., and Crocker, J. 1998. Coping with negative stereotypes about intellectual performance: The role of psychological disengagement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(1): 34–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
March, J. G. and Simon, H. A. 1958. Organizations. Oxford, England: Wiley.Google Scholar
McCarthy, A. M., Schoorman, F. D., and Cooper, A. C. 1993. Reinvestment decisions by entrepreneurs: Rational decision-making or escalation of commitment? Journal of Business Venturing, 8(1): 9–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, R. G. and Cardon, M. S. 1997. Entrepreneurship and the Functionality of Failure. Seventh Annual Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference. Montreal, Canada.Google Scholar
Meyer, M. W. and Zucker, L. G. 1989. Permanently Failing Organizations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Milgram, N. A., Sroloff, B., and Rosenbaum, M. 1988. The procrastination of everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 22: 197–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monahan, J. and Silver, E. 2003. Judicial decision thresholds for violence risk management. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2(1): 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., and Lent, R. W. 1991. Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38: 30–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, L. B., Brewin, C. R., and Power, M. J. 1998. Repressive coping and the directed forgetting of emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(1): 141–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nord, D. 1996. Issues and implications in the counseling of survivors of multiple AIDS-related loss. Death Studies, 20: 389–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northcraft, G. B. and Wolf, G. 1984. Dollars, sense, and sunk costs: A life cycle model of resource allocation decisions. Academy of Management Review, 9(2): 225–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, J. P., Folta, T. B., and Johnson, D. R. 2003. A real options perspective on entrepreneurial entry in the face of uncertainty. Managerial and Decision Economics, 24(8): 515–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlson, J. A. 1980. Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18(1): 109–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parkes, C. and Weiss, R. 1983. Recovery from Bereavement. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Phillips, D. J. 2002. A genealogical approach to organizational life chances: The parent-progeny transfer among Silicon Valley law firms, 1946–1996. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47: 474–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., and Dirks, K. T. 2001. Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2): 298–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Priem, R. L., Rasheed, A. M. A., and Kotulic, A. G. 1995. Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance. Journal of Management, 21(5): 913–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prigerson, H. G., Shear, M. K., Newsom, J. T., Frank, E. III, C. F. R., Maciejewski, P. K., Houck, P. R., Bierhals, A. J., and Kupfer, D. J. 1996. Anxiety among widowed elders: Is it distinct from depression and grief?Anxiety, 2(1): 1–12.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rando, T. A. 1986. Loss and Anticipatory Grief. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.Google Scholar
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., and Frese, M. 2009. Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3): 761–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roach, M. J. and Kitson, G. C. 1989. Impact of forewarning on adjustment to widowhood and divorce. In Lund, Dale A. (ed.), Older Bereaved Spouses: Research with Practical Applications: 185–200. New York: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Robinson, M., Baker, L., and Nackerud, L. 1999. The relationship of attachment theory and perinatal loss. Death Studies, 23(3): 297–304.Google ScholarPubMed
Rohan, M. J. 2000. A rose by any name? The values construct. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(3): 255–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, J. and Staw, B. M. 1986. Expo 86: An escalation prototype. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(2): 274–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, J. and Staw, B. M. 1993. Organizational escalation and exit: Lessons from the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plan. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4): 701–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruhnka, J. C., Feldman, H. D., and Dean, T. J. 1992. The “living dead” phenomenon in venture capital investments. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(2): 137–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, S. K. 1992. Governmental response to disasters: The conflict between bureaucratic procedures and emergent norms. Public Administration Review, 52(2): 135–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumpeter, J. A. 1961. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest and the Business Cycle. New York: Oxford Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. 1992. Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna, M. P. (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25: 1–65. Orlando, FL: Academic.Google Scholar
Shepherd, D. A. 2003. Learning from business failure: Propositions of grief recovery for the self-employed. Academy of Management Review, 28(2): 318–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, D. A. and DeTienne, D. R. 2005. The impact of prior knowledge and potential financial reward on the identification of opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(1): 91–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, D. A., McMullen, J. S., and Jennings, P. D. 2007. The formation of opportunity beliefs: Overcoming ignorance and reducing doubt. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1–2): 75–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, D. A., Wiklund, J., and Haynie, J. M. 2009. Moving forward: Balancing the financial and emotional costs of business failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(2): 134–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, D. A., Patzelt, H., and Wolfe, M. T. 2011. Moving forward from project failure: Negative emotions, affective commitment and learning from the experience. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6): 1229–1259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simerly, R. L. and Li, M. 2000. Environmental dynamism, capital structure and performance: A theoretical integration and an empirical test. Strategic Management Journal, 21(1): 31–49.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starbuck, W. H. 1976. Organizations and their environments. In Dunnette, M. D. (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology: 1069–1123. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Staw, B. M. and Fox, F. V. 1977. Escalation: The determinants of commitment to a chosen course of action. Human Relations, 30(5): 431–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staw, B. M. and Ross, J. 1980. Commitment in an experimenting society: An experiment on the attribution of leadership from administrative scenarios. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65: 249–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staw, B. M. 1981. The escalation of commitment to a course of action. The Academy of Management Review, 6(4): 577–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroebe, M. and Schut, H. 1999. The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23(3): 197–224.Google ScholarPubMed
Thorne, J. R. 1989. Alternative financing for entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring: 7–9.Google Scholar
Van Boven, L., Dunning, D., and Loewenstein, G. 2000. Egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers: Misperceptions of the endowment effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(1): 66–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Eerde, W. 2003. A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(6): 1401–1418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Witteloostuijn, A. 1998. Bridging behavioral and economic theories of decline: Organizational inertia, strategic competition, and chronic failure. Management Science, 44(4): 501–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, S. H., Parker, C. P., and Christiansen, N. D. 2003. Employees that think and act like owners: Effects of ownership beliefs and behaviors on organizational effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 56(4): 847–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldman, D. A., Ramirez, G. G., House, R. J., and Puranam, P. 2001. Does leadership matter? CEO leadership attributes and profitability under conditions of perceived environmental uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1): 134–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasserman, N. 2003. Founder-CEO succession and the paradox of entrepreneurial success. Organization Science, 14(2): 149–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiersema, M. F. and Bantel, K. A. 1993. Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment. Strategic Management Journal, 14(7): 485–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. A. 2005. Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1): 71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wortman, C. B. and Silver, R. C. 1989. The myths of coping with loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57(3): 349–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortman, C. B. and Silver, R. C. 1992. Reconsidering assumptions about coping with loss: An overview of current research. In Montada, L., Filipp, S. H., and Lerner, M. S. (eds.), Life Crises and Experiences of Loss in Adulthood: 341–365. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Zmijewski, M. E. 1984. Methodological issues related to the estimation of financial distress prediction models. Journal of Accounting Research, 22: 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×