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Section 3.3 - Acute Liver Failure

from Domain 3 - Disease Management: Recognition, Causes and Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

Edited by
Ned Gilbert-Kawai ,
Debashish Dutta  and
Carl Waldmann
Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
 , pp. 157 - 176
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Blasco-Algora, S, Masegosa-Ataz, J, Gutiérrez-García, ML, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: pathogenesis, prognostic factors and management. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21:12125–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hernaez, R, Solà, E, Moreau, R, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update. Gut 2017;66:541–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jalan, R, Yurdaydin, C, Bajaj, JS, et al. Toward an improved definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gastroenterology 2014;147:4–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarin, SK, Kedarisetty, CK, Abbas, Z, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL). Hepatol Int 2014;8:453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References and Further Reading

Anand, AC, Garg, HK. Approach to clinical syndrome of jaundice and encephalopathy in tropics. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015;5(Suppl 1):S116–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kruger, D. The assessment of jaundice in adults: tests, imaging, differential diagnosis. JAAPA 2011;24:44–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References and Further Reading

Runyon, BA. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012. Hepatology 2013;57:1651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Runyon, BA, Montano, AA, Akriviadis, EA, Antillon, MR, Irving, MA, McHutchison, JG. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:215–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saab, S, Nieto, JM, Lewis, SK, Runyon, BA. TIPS versus paracentesis for cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;4:CD004889.Google Scholar

References and Further Reading

Buob, S, Johnston, AN, Webster, CR. Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. J Vet Intern Med 2011;25:169–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iwakiri, Y. Pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis 2014;18:281–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, JC, Loong, TC, Pang, J, Wei, JL, Wong, VW. Invasive and non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension. Hepatol Int 2018;12(Suppl 1):44–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strunk, H, Marinova, M. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): pathophysiologic basics, actual indications and results with review of the literature. Rofo 2018;190:701–11.Google ScholarPubMed

References and Further Reading

Grace, JA, Angus, PW. Hepatopulmonary syndrome: update on recent advances in pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:213–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krowka, MJ, Fallon, MB, Kawut, SM, et al. International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines: diagnosis and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 2016;100:1440–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salerno, F, Gerbes, A, Gines, P, Wong, F, Arroyo, V. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut 2007;56:1310–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Wong, F. The evolving concept of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;12:711–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References and Further Reading

Felipo, V. Hepatic encephalopathy: effects of liver failure on brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013;14:851–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suraweera, D, Sundaram, V, Saab, S. Evaluation and management of hepatic encephalopathy: current status and future directions. Gut Liver 2016;10:509–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Wijdicks, E. Hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1660–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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