We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 November 2023
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Stabilization of Manchou Empire
THE EMERGENCE OF Manchoukuo and the declaration of her independence from China ushered in a new era in Manchuria and the Far East. In the midst of skeptical but scrutinizing international observance, the new State undertook a gigantic task of national reconstruction and its achievements during the first eight years of statehood have been nothing short of a marvel. In many respects, it has successfully carried out reforms which were believed to be practically impossible under the former military regime, and the epochal progress widens its horizon and deepens its penetration as the first five-year plan was successfully concluded and the second five-year plan was auspiciously inaugurated in 1937.
The backbone of this marvellous achievement is without doubt the successful execution of political reconstruction, the building of a modern State on the ruins of feudalistic war-lordism. Most significant in this sense was the official transition from Manchoukuo to Manchoutikuo or the Manchou Empire on March 1, 1934, when His Excellency Chief Executive Pu Yi was enthroned as Emperor Kangte. It may be recalled that Manchuria is the home of the Manchous, whence they sprang, and that Emperor Kangte is the last of the Manchou Dynasty, who ascended China’s dragon throne as a child but who was deposed when the revolution resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911.
Under the Organic Law of the Manchou Empire of 1934 (For the text see Fourth Report, Appendix No. 18), the State is completely centralized in the Throne. The Emperor represents the State; supervises the sovereign rights and exercises them in accordance with the Organic Law; issues or causes to be issued ordinances for the maintenance of public peace and order and for the execution of laws; possesses the power to declare war, to make peace, and to conclude treaties; enjoys the supreme command of the army, navy, and air forces; and has the power to grant amnesty, special pardon, commutation of punishment, and restoration of civil rights.
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.
