Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Maps, Figures, and Tables
- List of Acronyms
- Map: The Scope of Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Note on Transliterations, Place Names, and Permissions
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Introduction: Diffusing the Politics of Human Trafficking from Europe to Asia
- 1 Contrasting Policy Approaches to Human Trafficking in Eurasia
- 2 Diffusing Human Trafficking Policy Adoption
- 3 Tracing the Development of Anti-Trafficking Institutions
- 4 Linkages Among Actors in Anti-Trafficking Networks
- 5 Uneven Implementation of Human Trafficking Policies
- 6 Empirical Comparisons of Human Trafficking Policy Across Eurasia
- Conclusion: The Implications of Human Trafficking Policies
- Methodological Appendix: Peeling Back the Research Process
- Appendix 1 Semi-Structured Interview Questions
- Appendix 2 Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Appendix 3 Typology of Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Appendix 4 Code Book for Content Analysis of Laws and Policies
- Appendix 5 Code Book for Content Analysis of Interviews
- Appendix 6 Quantitative Variable Coding and Sources
- Appendix 7 Scores for Human Trafficking Policy Index
- Bibliography
- Index
5 - Uneven Implementation of Human Trafficking Policies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2021
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Maps, Figures, and Tables
- List of Acronyms
- Map: The Scope of Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Note on Transliterations, Place Names, and Permissions
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Introduction: Diffusing the Politics of Human Trafficking from Europe to Asia
- 1 Contrasting Policy Approaches to Human Trafficking in Eurasia
- 2 Diffusing Human Trafficking Policy Adoption
- 3 Tracing the Development of Anti-Trafficking Institutions
- 4 Linkages Among Actors in Anti-Trafficking Networks
- 5 Uneven Implementation of Human Trafficking Policies
- 6 Empirical Comparisons of Human Trafficking Policy Across Eurasia
- Conclusion: The Implications of Human Trafficking Policies
- Methodological Appendix: Peeling Back the Research Process
- Appendix 1 Semi-Structured Interview Questions
- Appendix 2 Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Appendix 3 Typology of Human Trafficking Policies in Eurasia
- Appendix 4 Code Book for Content Analysis of Laws and Policies
- Appendix 5 Code Book for Content Analysis of Interviews
- Appendix 6 Quantitative Variable Coding and Sources
- Appendix 7 Scores for Human Trafficking Policy Index
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
Leila Ashirova and Bakiya Kasymova from Kazakhstan were freed, along with 14 other people, after ten years of being held captive in the basement of an apartment building where they were forced to work at a supermarket in Moscow. Police received a tip that missing children were being held at the supermarket and, while the police were investigating the market, someone alerted them that people were being kept there as slaves. Activists from the Civic Assistance Committee went in to free the people with journalists as their witnesses. Leila and Bakiya's passports and all their documentation were taken by their traffickers. They were forced to work long hours with no pay, were not allowed to leave the premises unattended, and if they refused or tried to escape they were beaten. After the women were freed from captivity, they spoke out about their plight to the media and how local police turned a blind eye to their enslavement. Their traffickers were taken in for questioning and then released. About two weeks later, all of the charges against the traffickers were dropped because the prosecutors could not find evidence that a crime had been committed (Lillis, 2012). To make matters worse, a week after the charges were dropped the women were facing deportation from Russia on immigration violations because they were illegally residing on Russian territory without proper documentation (Balmforth, 2012).
This story demonstrates the effects of uneven human trafficking policy implementation in Russia. Human trafficking policies are often passed with a lot of fanfare, as a symbolic gesture that government can refer to when their human rights abuses are on display. Though many countries sign on to these international treaties, only some ratify them, and fewer implement these policies. Research has shown that countries ratify international human rights-based treaties due to ‘these perceived or real social pressures to assimilate’ to international human rights norms while countries have no motivation or capacity to implement them (Avdeyeva, 2007: 877). Implementation is defined as the ‘carrying out of a basic policy decision’ (Mazmanian and Sabatier, 1985: 20– 21) or ‘the process of translating policy into action’ (Pressman and Wildavsky, 1984).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Diffusing Human Trafficking Policy in Eurasia , pp. 121 - 148Publisher: Bristol University PressPrint publication year: 2020