Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of case studies
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Introduction
- SECTION 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL MR TECHNIQUES
- 1 Fundamentals of MR spectroscopy
- 2 Quantification and analysis in MR spectroscopy
- 3 Artifacts and pitfalls in MR spectroscopy
- 4 Fundamentals of diffusion MR imaging
- 5 MR tractography using diffusion tensor MR imaging
- 6 Artifacts and pitfalls in diffusion MR imaging
- 7 Cerebral perfusion imaging by exogenous contrast agents
- 8 MRI detection of regional blood flow using arterial spin labeling
- 9 Artifacts and pitfalls in perfusion MR imaging
- SECTION 2 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
- SECTION 3 ADULT NEOPLASIA
- SECTION 4 INFECTION, INFLAMMATION AND DEMYELINATION
- SECTION 5 SEIZURE DISORDERS
- SECTION 6 PSYCHIATRIC AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
- SECTION 7 TRAUMA
- SECTION 8 PEDIATRICS
- Index
8 - MRI detection of regional blood flow using arterial spin labeling
from SECTION 1 - PHYSIOLOGICAL MR TECHNIQUES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 December 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of case studies
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Introduction
- SECTION 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL MR TECHNIQUES
- 1 Fundamentals of MR spectroscopy
- 2 Quantification and analysis in MR spectroscopy
- 3 Artifacts and pitfalls in MR spectroscopy
- 4 Fundamentals of diffusion MR imaging
- 5 MR tractography using diffusion tensor MR imaging
- 6 Artifacts and pitfalls in diffusion MR imaging
- 7 Cerebral perfusion imaging by exogenous contrast agents
- 8 MRI detection of regional blood flow using arterial spin labeling
- 9 Artifacts and pitfalls in perfusion MR imaging
- SECTION 2 CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
- SECTION 3 ADULT NEOPLASIA
- SECTION 4 INFECTION, INFLAMMATION AND DEMYELINATION
- SECTION 5 SEIZURE DISORDERS
- SECTION 6 PSYCHIATRIC AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
- SECTION 7 TRAUMA
- SECTION 8 PEDIATRICS
- Index
Summary
Introduction
By the early 1980s MR imaging (MRI) was well on its way to establishing itself as a useful tool for diagnosis of a number of disorders, especially of the central nervous system (CNS) (Atlas, 2002). The reason for the rapid and spectacular success of MRI is the superb soft tissue contrast that imaging water distribution and relaxation times afford. In addition, the non-invasive nature of the technology makes it possible to readily test efficacy. By the end of the 1980s, the great success in generating anatomical images of normal and diseased tissue led a number of groups to seek ways to get functional information from MRI. Indeed, by the early 1990s techniques had been developed that enabled various aspects of tissue function to be assessed. Most important has been blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, which enables detection of changes in hemoglobin oxygenation during regional activation of the brain (Kwong et al., 1992; Ogawa et al., 1992). BOLD-based MRI has rapidly grown into a technique that readily enables brain mapping during complex cognitive tasks (Moonen and Bandettini, 1999). Another class of MRI techniques sensitizes images to changes in diffusion of water in tissue (Wesbey et al., 1984) as well as quantifying preferred diffusion directions (Basser et al., 1994). Diffusion-weighted MRI has grown into an important tool for monitoring tissue damage due to ischemia in brain (Warach, 2002), increasing MRI sensitivity to white matter (WM) disorders (Ahrens et al., 1998) and for mapping fiber orientation in the brain (Mori et al., 2000). Another important way to add functional information to MRI is the class of techniques that enable regional measurement of tissue blood flow or perfusion.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical MR NeuroimagingDiffusion, Perfusion and Spectroscopy, pp. 119 - 140Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004