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Chapter 77 - Cerebral infarction and occult degenerative cerebrovascular disease

from Section 3 - Symptomatic epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

By
Ruth E. Nemire  and
R. Eugene Ramsay
Edited by
Simon D. Shorvon ,
Frederick Andermann  and
Renzo Guerrini
Simon D. Shorvon
Affiliation:
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
Frederick Andermann
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute
Renzo Guerrini
Affiliation:
Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence
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Summary

Stroke is a killer and causes long-term disability. It is among the most frequent causes of death in adults and children across the globe. Risk factors include age, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Hematologic disorders such as sickle-cell disease and coagulopathies put patients at risk for stroke. The initiating event for ischemic stroke is one of three pathophysiologic occurrences resulting in the interruption of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain cells. Presenting symptoms in children may include nausea, vomiting, headache, and seizures instead of, or in addition to, those described for adults. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and imaging studies are standard diagnostic tools for both cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. Patients were treated with phenytoin, carbamazepine, or valproate and 75% of patients were reported to have seizures controlled, although that is not defined by the authors as seizure-free.
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Information
The Causes of Epilepsy
Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
 , pp. 544 - 550
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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