7 - Calvin as commentator on the Gospel of John

Summary

In his preface to his 1553 commentary on the Gospel of John, Calvin joined a long line of Christian thinkers in expressing high esteem for the Fourth Gospel's unique teaching. Although all four gospels, he claims, aim to make Christ known, the first three exhibit his “body,” whereas John exhibits his “soul.” Despite this traditional-sounding affirmation of John's special character, Calvin's commentary occupies a singular place in the history of Johannine interpretation. Specifically, it represents the culmination of certain sixteenth-century approaches to the Fourth Gospel, redefining its “spiritual” character and reversing traditional views that this gospel offered more advanced and difficult teaching than Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Moreover, the commentary marks an important stage in Calvin's exegetical activity and his career in Geneva. This was Calvin's first gospel commentary, and it was published in the midst of what was clearly the most turbulent period in his time in the city. He discussed these trials in his dedication to the syndics and town council – a cagey political move, given that the majority of the members of the council were in fact sympathetic to Calvin's opposition. Protesting the charges of excessive severity and reminding these magistrates of their duty to refute the slanders against him, Calvin reasoned that it was important to have a special monument to his teaching – namely, this commentary – inscribed with their name.