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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
[In ‘Loyola’ Bayle pays a guarded tribute to the Spanish Counter- Reformation and to the founder of the Society of Jesus. He directs his main criticism at recent political casuistry, including the war of propaganda being waged in the Netherlands in the 1690s between Jesuits and Calvinists, and warns that posterity should treat such material with caution. Through referring, in Remark (S), to a historic resolution proposed in the French Estates General in 1615, Bayle exonerates the Third Estate from allegedly supporting the divine right of kings. The resolution, Bayle explains, far from supporting the doctrine of divine right, was a repudiation of Jesuitical casuistry posing as popular sovereignty, which claimed that princes who failed to extirpate heresy must be forced from office by popular insurrection.]
Loyola (Ignatius), founder of the Jesuits, was born in 1491 in the province of Guipuscoa in Spain. He was educated at the court of Ferdinand and Isabella and as soon as his age permitted him to bear arms, he sought opportunities to distinguish himself. He showed great courage at the siege of Pamplona where he was wounded by a cannon shot which shattered his right leg. While he was recovering from his wound he made the resolution that he would renounce the vanities of the world, go to Jerusalem, and lead a very particular sort of life …
He began the rudiments of grammar in 1524 but finding that reading a book by Erasmus cooled his devotion [(D)], he could no longer hear that writer mentioned and took up Thomas á Kempis.
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