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Chapter 67 - Renal Function, Anatomy and Blood Flow

from Section 6 - Kidney and Body Fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2019

David Chambers ,
Christopher Huang  and
Gareth Matthews
David Chambers
Affiliation:
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Christopher Huang
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Gareth Matthews
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

The kidneys are solid, ‘bean-shaped’ retroperitoneal organs located at vertebral levels T12 to L3. From inside to outside, the kidney is surrounded by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia and pararenal fascia. At the midpoint of the concave medial border of each kidney is the hilum, the point of entry of the nerves, vessels and lymphatics. In cross-section, the kidney contains.

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Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists , pp. 307 - 312
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

Further reading

Koeppen, B. M., Stanton, B. A.. Renal Physiology: Mosby Physiology Monograph Series, 5th edition. St Louis, Mosby, 2012.Google Scholar
Lote, C.. Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th edition. Berlin, Springer, 2006.Google Scholar
Ferguson, M. A., Walkar, S. S.. Established and emerging markers of kidney function. Clin Chem 2012; 58(4): 680–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karkouti, K.. Transfusion and risk of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109(Suppl. 1): i29–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, E. M., Bellomo, R., Nichol, A. D.. The meaning of acute kidney injury and its relevance to intensive care and anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40(6): 929–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mårtensson, J., Martling, C.-R., Bell, M.. Novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury and failure: clinical applicability. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109(6): 843–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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