Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T19:25:53.428Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - The Development of Towns during the End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2200–2050 BCE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2016

Nadine Moeller
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt
From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom
, pp. 214 - 248
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abd El-Raziq, M., et al. 2002. Les inscriptions d’Ayn Soukhna. Vol. 122, MIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Adams, M. D. 1992. “Community and Societal Organization in Early Historic Egypt: Introductory Report on 1991–92 Fieldwork Conducted at the Abydos Settlement Site.” NARCE 158/159:19.Google Scholar
Adams, M. D. 1998. “The Abydos Settlement Site Project: Investigation of a Major Provincial Town in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period.” In Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge 3–9 Sept. 1995, edited by Eyre, C. J., 1930. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Adams, M. D. 2005. “Community and Society in Egypt in the First Intermediate Period: An Archaeological Investigation of the Abydos Settlement Site.” PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Adams, M. D. 2007. “Household Silos, Granary Models, and Domestic Economy in Ancient Egypt.” In The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor, edited by Hawass, Z. A. and Richards, J. E., 124. Cairo: Conseil Suprème des Antiquités de l’Égypte.Google Scholar
Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Alexanian, N., and Seidlmayer, S.. 2002. “Die Residenznekropole von Dahshur. Erster Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 58:1822, Vol. 10 (2).Google Scholar
Alliot, M. 1935. Rapport sur les Fouilles de Tell Edfou (1933), Vol. 10 (2), FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Arnold, D., et al. 2003. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bard, K. A., and Shubert, S. B.. 1999. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bell, B. 1971. “The Dark Ages in Ancient History. I. The First Dark Age in Egypt.” AJA 75 (1):126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernhardt, C. E., et al. 2012. “Nile Delta Vegetation Response to Holocene Climate Variability.” Geology 40:615618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bommas, M. 2012. “First Intermediate Period Tombs at Beni Hassan: Problems and Priorities (including BH no. 420 and the Unpublished Box Coffin Fragment BH3Liv).” SAK 41:4365.Google Scholar
Breasted, J. H. 1906. A History of Egypt: From the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest. London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Brunner, H. 1936. Die ägyptischen Felsgräber bis zum Mittleren Reich. Vol. 3, Ägyptologische Abhandlungen. Glückstadt: J.J. Augustin.Google Scholar
Bruyère, B., et al. 1937. Tell Edfou 1937. Vol. 1, Fouilles Franco-Polonaises Rapports. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Butzer, K. W. 1976. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology, Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Coulon, L. 1997. “Véracité et rhétorique dans les autobiographies égyptiennes de la Première Période Intermédiaire.” BIFAO 97:109138.Google Scholar
De Meyer, M. 2005. “Restoring the Tombs of His Ancestors? Djehutinakht, Son of Teti, at Deir el-Barsha and Sheikh Said.” IBAES 5:125135.Google Scholar
De Meyer, M. 2007. “The Tomb of Henu at Deir el-Barsha.” EA 31:2024.Google Scholar
De Meyer, M. 2011. “Two Cemeteries for One Provincial Capital? Deir el-Bersha and el-Sheikh Said in the Fifteenth Upper Egyptian Nome during the Old Kingdom.” In Old Kingdom, New Perspectives. Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750–2150 BC, edited by Strudwick, N. and Strudwick, H., 4249. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorn, A. 2005. “Les objets d’un dépot de sanctuaire (hwt-ka) à Éléphantine et leur utilisation rituelle.” In Des Néferkarê aux Montouhotep: travaux archéologiques en cours sur la fin de la VIe dynastie et la première période intermédiaire, edited by Pantalacci, L. and Berger-El-Naggar, C., 129143. Lyon: Maison de l’orient et de la Méditerranée.Google Scholar
Dreyer, G., et al. 2002. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine, 28./29./30. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 58:157225.Google Scholar
Duhig, C. 2009. “They are Eating People Here! Anthropology and the First Intermediate Period.” In Beyond the Horizon: Studies in Egyptian Art, Archaeology and History in Honour of Barry J. Kemp, edited by Ikram, S. and Dodson, A., 4587. Cairo: Publications of the Supreme Council of Antiquities.Google Scholar
Fischer, H. G. 1968. Dendera in the Third Millennium B.C., down to the Theban Domination of Upper Egypt. Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin.Google Scholar
Gabolde, L. 2000. “Origines d’Amon et origines de Karnak.” Égypte, Afrique et Orient 16:1324.Google Scholar
Gardiner, A. H. S. 1961. Egypt of the Pharoahs: An Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gomaà, F. 1980. Ägypten während der ersten Zwischenzeit. Vol. 27, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients. Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert.Google Scholar
Gomaà, F. 1986. Die Besiedlung Ägyptens während des Mittleren Reiches. Vol. 66, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients. Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert.Google Scholar
Grimal, N. 1992. A History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hassan, F. A. 1997. “Nile Floods and Political Disorder in Early Egypt.” In Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse, edited by Dalfes, H. N., Kukla, G., and Weiss, H., 124. Berlin; New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Helck, W. 1974. Die altägyptischen Gaue. Vol. 5, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients. Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert.Google Scholar
Hendrickx, S., et al. 2009. “The 1955 Excavation of an Early Old Kingdom Storage Site at Elkab.” In Elkab and Beyond: Studies in Honour of Luc Limme, edited by Claes, W., De Meulenaere, H., and Hendrickx, S., 130. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Hendrickx, S., et al. 2010. “The Walls of Elkab.” In Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt. Papers from a Workshop in November 2006 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, edited by Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I., 145169. Vienna: Östrerreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Jeuthe, C. 2012. Balat X: Ein Werkstattkomplex im Palast der 1. Zwischenzeit in Ayn Asil. Vol. 71, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut francais d’archeologie orientale.Google Scholar
Jeuthe, C., et al. 2013. “Ayn Asil, palais des gouverneurs du règne de Pépy II. État des recherches sur la partie sud.” BIFAO 113:203238.Google Scholar
Kaiser, W. 1999. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine, 25./26./27. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 55:63236.Google Scholar
Kaiser, W., et al. 1976. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine, sechster Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 32:67112.Google Scholar
Kaiser, W. et al. 1995. “Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine, 21./22. Grabungsbericht.” MDAIK 51: 100187.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1977. “The Early Development of Towns in Egypt.” Antiquity 51:185200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, B. 1985a. “Kom Ombo: Evidence for an Early Town.” BdE 97 (2):3959.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1985b. “The Location of the Early Town at Dendera.” MDAIK 41:8998.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1989. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 1st ed. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 2006. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Le Saout, F., et al. 1987. “Le Moyen Empire à Karnak: Varia 1.” Cahiers de Karnak VIII:293323.Google Scholar
Leclère, F. 2002. “Fouilles dans le cimetère osirien de Karnak. Travaux récents.” BSFE 153: 24-44.Google Scholar
Lehner, M., et al. 2011. “Re-examining the Khentkawes Town.” In Old Kingdom, New Perspectives. Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750–2150 BC, edited by Strudwick, H. and Strudwick, N., 143191. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahaffy, J. P. 1899. A History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.Google Scholar
Marchand, S. 2004. “Fouilles récentes dans la zone urbaine de Dendara: La céramique de la fin de l’Ancien Empire au début de la XIIe Dynastie.” CCE 7:211238.Google Scholar
Marchand, S. 2012. “Dendara.” In Handbook of the Pottery of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, edited by Schiestl, R. and Seiler, A., 273298. Wien: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Marchand, S., and Laisney, D.. 2000. “Le survey de Dendara (1996–1997).” CCE 6:261298.Google Scholar
Marouard, G., and Papazian, H.. 2012. “The Edfu Pryamid Project. Recent Investigation at the Last Provincial Step Pyramid.” Oriental Institute News & Notes 213:39.Google Scholar
Mathieu, B. 2000. “Travaux de l’Instiut français d’archéologie orientale en 1999–2000.” BIFAO 100:443575.Google Scholar
Mathieu, B. 2001. “Travaux de l’Instiut français d’archéologie orientale en 2000–2001.” BIFAO 101:452610.Google Scholar
Mathieu, B. 2002. “Travaux de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale en 2001–2002.” BIFAO 102:437613.Google Scholar
Michalowski, K., Desroches, C., de Linage, J., Manteuffel, J., and Zejmo-Zejmis, S.. 1950. Tell Edfou 1939. Vol. III, Fouilles Franco-Polonaises Rapports. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Millet, M. 2007. “Architecture civile antérieure au Nouvel Empire: rapport préliminaire des fouilles archéologiques à l‘est du lac sacré.” Cahiers de Karnak 12 (2):681743.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2004. “The Development of Provincial Towns in Ancient Egypt from the End of the Old Kingdom to the Beginning of the Middle Kingdom.” PhD diss., Oriental Studies, University of Cambridge, Christ’s College, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2005a. “The First Intermediate Period: A Time of Famine and Climate Change?Ägypten und Levante 15:153167.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2005b. “An Old Kingdom Town at Zawiet Sultan (Zawiet Meitin) in Middle Egypt: A Preliminary Report.” In Current Research in Egyptology II. Vol. 1380, BAR International Series, edited by Cooke, A. and Simpson, F., 2938. Oxford: Archeopress.Google Scholar
Moeller, N. 2012. “Unsealing Tell Edfu, Egypt: Who Was a Local Official and Who Was Not.” Near Eastern Archaeology 75 (2):116124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno García, J. C. 1998. “De l’Ancient Empire à la première période intermédiaire: L’autobiographie de Q3r d’Edfou, entre tradition et innovation.” RdE 49:151160.Google Scholar
O’Connor, D. 1972. “A Regional Population in Egypt to circa 600 BC.” In Population Growth: Anthropological Implications, edited by Spooner, B., 78100. Cambridge, MA/London: MIT Press.Google Scholar
O’Connor, D. 2009. Abydos: Egypt’s First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris, New Aspects of Antiquity. London; New York: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Pantalacci, L. 1997. “De Memphis à Balat, Les liens entre la Résidence et les gouverneurs de l’Oasis à la VIe dynastie “ In Études sur l’Ancien Empire et la nécropole de Saqqâra: dédiées à Jean-Philippe Lauer, edited by Berger, C. and Mathieu, B., 341349. Montpellier: Université Paul Valéry.Google Scholar
Patch, D. 1991. “The Origin and Early Development of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt.” PhD diss., Oriental Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
Pérez-Die, M. C. 2001. “Fouilles à Ehnasya el Medina (Hérakléopolis Magna). Travaux et résultats récents.” BSFE 150: 625.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. S., et al. 1900. Dendereh, 1898. Vol. 17, Excavation Memoirs. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Posener-Kriéger, P. 1976. Les archives du temple funéraire de Néferirkarê-Kakaï (Les papyrus d’Abousir): traduction et commentaire. Vol. 56(1-2), BdE. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Raue, D. 2014. “The Sanctuary of Heqaib.” In UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 2014, edited by Wendrich, W.. Los Angeles: UCLA. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002j97mfGoogle Scholar
Roeder, G. 1959. Hermopolis, 1929–1939; Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Hermopolis-Expedition in Hermopolis, Ober-Ägypten. Vol. 4, 6, Pelizaeus-Museum zu Hildesheim. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung. Hildesheim: Gebr. Gerstenberg.Google Scholar
Rösing, F. W. 1990. Qubbet el Hawa und Elephantine: zur Bevölkerungsgeschichte von Ägypten. Stuttgart; New York: G. Fischer.Google Scholar
Seidlmayer, S. 2000. “The First Intermediate Period.” In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Shaw, I., 118147. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidlmayer, S. 2006. “The First Intermediate Period.” In Ancient Egyptian Chronology, edited by Hornung, E., Krauss, R., and Warburton, D., 159167. Leiden; Boston: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidlmayer, S. J. 2001. Historische und moderne Nilstände: Untersuchungen zu den Pegelablesungen des Nils von der Frühzeit bis in die Gegenwart. Vol. A 1, Achet. Berlin: Achet Verlag.Google Scholar
Shaw, I. 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shedid, A. G. 1994. Die Felsgräber von Beni Hassan in Mittelägypten. Vol. 16, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Slater, R. A. 1974. “The Archaeology of Dendereh in the First Intermediate Period.” PhD diss., Oriental Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Soukiassian, G., et al. 2002. Balat VI: Le palais des gouverneurs de l’époque de Pépy II. Les sanctuaires de ka et leurs dépendances. Vol. 46, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Soukiassian, G., et al. 1990. Balat III: Les ateliers de potiers d’Ayn-Aṣīl: Fin de l’Ancien Empire, Première Période Intermédiaire. Vol. 34, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Spencer, A. J. 1993. Excavations at El-Ashmunein III. The Town. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Valloggia, M. 2011. Abou Rawash I, Le complexe funéraire royal de Rêdjedef: Étude historique et architecturale. Vol. 63, FIFAO. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
Vandier, J. 1950. Mo’alla: La tombe d’Ankhtifi et la tombe de Sébekhotep. Vol. 18, BdE. Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2001. “The Practice of Sealing in the Administration of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom.” CRIPEL 22:161172.Google Scholar
von Pilgrim, C. 2006. “Zur Entwicklung der Verehrungsstätten des Heqaib in Elephantine.” In Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak. Vol. 149 (1), OLA, edited by Czerny, E., 403418. Leuven/Paris/Dudley, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Vymazalova, H. 2010. “The Abusir Papyrus Archives and the Fifth Dynasty Royal Funerary Cults.” In 8. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: Interconnections between Temples, edited by Dolinska, M. and Beinlich, H., 197203. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Willems, H. 2007. Dayr al-Barshā. The Rock Tombs of Djehutinakht (No. 17K74/1), Khnumnakht (No. 17K74/2, and Iha (No. 17K74/3). Vol. 1. Vol. 155, OLA. Leuven/Paris/Dudley, MA: Peeters.Google Scholar
Zibelius-Chen, K. 1978. Ägyptische Siedlungen nach Texten des alten Reiches. Vol. 19, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients: Beihefte, Reihe B Geisteswissenschaften. Wiesbaden: Dr. L. Reichert.Google Scholar
Zignani, P., and Laisney, D.. 2001. “Cartographie de Dendara, remarques sur l’urbanisme du site.” BIFAO 101:415447.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×