Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Editors’ Notes on Translation
- Introduction: Books, Craftsmen, and Engineers: The Emergence of a Formalized Technical Education in a Modern Science-based Education System
- 1 The Translation of Technical Manuals from Western Languages in Nineteenth-century Japan: A Visual Tour
- 2 The Translation of Western Books on Natural Science and Technology in China and Japan: Early Conceptions of Electricity 19
- 3 Creating Intellectual Space for West-East and East-East Knowledge Transfer: Global Mining Literacy and the Evolution of Textbooks on Mining in Late Qing China, 1860–1911
- 4 François Léonce Verny and the Beginning of the ‘Modern’ Technical Education in Japan
- 5 The Role of the Ministry of Public Works in Designing Engineering Education in Meiji Japan: Reconsidering the Foundation of the Imperial College of Engineering(Kōbu-dai-gakkō)
- 6 From Student of Confucianism to Hands-on Engineer: The Case of Ōhara Junnosuke, Mining Engineer 114
- 7 The Fall of the Imperial College of Engineering: From the Imperial College of Engineering (Kōbu-dai-gakkō) to the Faculty of Engineering at Imperial University, 1886 161
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- 8 Kikuchi Kyōzō and the Implementation of Cottonspinning Technology: The Career of a Graduate of the Imperial College of Engineering
- 9 The Training School for Railway Engineers: An Early Example of an Intra-firm Vocational School in Japan
- 10 The Training and Education of Female Silk-reeling Instructors in Meiji Japan
- 11 The Establishment and Curriculum of the Tōkyō Shokkō-gakkō (Tōkyō Vocational School) in Meiji Japan
- 12 The Development of Mining Schools in Japan
- 13 Science Education in Japanese Schools in the Late 1880s as Reflected in Students’ Notes
- 14 Education in Mechanical Engineering in Early Universities and the Role of Their Graduates in Japan’s Industrial Revolution: The University of Tōkyō, the Imperial College of Engineering and the Imperial University
- List of Contributors
- Index
3 - Creating Intellectual Space for West-East and East-East Knowledge Transfer: Global Mining Literacy and the Evolution of Textbooks on Mining in Late Qing China, 1860–1911
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 May 2022
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Editors’ Notes on Translation
- Introduction: Books, Craftsmen, and Engineers: The Emergence of a Formalized Technical Education in a Modern Science-based Education System
- 1 The Translation of Technical Manuals from Western Languages in Nineteenth-century Japan: A Visual Tour
- 2 The Translation of Western Books on Natural Science and Technology in China and Japan: Early Conceptions of Electricity 19
- 3 Creating Intellectual Space for West-East and East-East Knowledge Transfer: Global Mining Literacy and the Evolution of Textbooks on Mining in Late Qing China, 1860–1911
- 4 François Léonce Verny and the Beginning of the ‘Modern’ Technical Education in Japan
- 5 The Role of the Ministry of Public Works in Designing Engineering Education in Meiji Japan: Reconsidering the Foundation of the Imperial College of Engineering(Kōbu-dai-gakkō)
- 6 From Student of Confucianism to Hands-on Engineer: The Case of Ōhara Junnosuke, Mining Engineer 114
- 7 The Fall of the Imperial College of Engineering: From the Imperial College of Engineering (Kōbu-dai-gakkō) to the Faculty of Engineering at Imperial University, 1886 161
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- 8 Kikuchi Kyōzō and the Implementation of Cottonspinning Technology: The Career of a Graduate of the Imperial College of Engineering
- 9 The Training School for Railway Engineers: An Early Example of an Intra-firm Vocational School in Japan
- 10 The Training and Education of Female Silk-reeling Instructors in Meiji Japan
- 11 The Establishment and Curriculum of the Tōkyō Shokkō-gakkō (Tōkyō Vocational School) in Meiji Japan
- 12 The Development of Mining Schools in Japan
- 13 Science Education in Japanese Schools in the Late 1880s as Reflected in Students’ Notes
- 14 Education in Mechanical Engineering in Early Universities and the Role of Their Graduates in Japan’s Industrial Revolution: The University of Tōkyō, the Imperial College of Engineering and the Imperial University
- List of Contributors
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION: ‘THE STUDY OF MINING’ AND GLOBAL MINING LITERACY
STANDING ON THE verge of collapse, reform-minded late Qing officials placed hope in restoring power through modernizing science and technology in order to resist foreign encroachments. Similar to the emphasis on technical education during the Meiji period in Japan (1868–1912), those Chinese governors attached strategic importance to promoting science and technology in the Self-strengthening Movement (zìqiìng yùndòng,1861–1895), although the Chinese government did not undertake the thorough institutional reform that took place in Japan. By 1895, they had established morethan twenty technical schools modelled on Western systems. Also parallel to the development of Western-style education, more than 500 books were translated by missionaries and their Chinese collaborators from Western languages into Chinese from 1860 to 1900. Although some of these books addressed ethical and religious topics, the majority of them were on scientific and technical subjects, accounting for over 70% of all the translations.
Some of these books, particularly the important translations published by the Translation Bureau of the Jiangnan Arsenal and Beijing School of Foreign Languages, were also quickly exported to Japan. The Chinese scientific terms disseminated to Japan in various books and journals before and after 1860 had a great influence on the early Meiji scholars, who commonly possessed a solid knowledge of classical Chinese. During this period, Dutch works declined in popularity among Japanese scholars, who now began to prefer other Western works, especially those in English. The Chinese translations provided an important and timely vehicle for their quick grasp of English. After 1880, a language standardization reform took place in Japan to unify Japanese speech and writing, and the modern Japanese lexicon in the natural sciences took its initial shape. Although almost no contemporary Chinese scholars paid attention to the changes and development of scientific works in Japan at that time, Japan became a crucial knowledge exporter to China in the decades that followed.
After China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese war in 1895, the Japanese achievements in educational reform during the Meiji period began to draw the attention of the late Qing reformers.
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- Accessing Technical Education in Modern Japan , pp. 37 - 69Publisher: Amsterdam University PressPrint publication year: 2022