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2019 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 96 of 101

Young Adult Fantasy Fiction

Young Adult Fantasy Fiction
  • Conventions, Originality, Reproducibility
  • Kim Wilkins
  • Published online:
    11 July 2019
    Print publication:
    08 August 2019
  • Young adult fantasy (YA fantasy) brings together two established genres - young adult fiction and fantasy fiction - and in so doing amplifies, energises, and leverages the textual, social, and industrial practices of the two genres: combining the fantastic with adolescent concerns; engaging passionate online fandoms; proliferating quickly into series and related works. By considering the texts alongside the way they are circulated and marketed, this Element aims to show that the YA fantasy genre is a dynamic formation that takes shape and reshapes itself responsively in a continuing process over time.
Deliberative Global Governance

Deliberative Global Governance
  • John S. Dryzek, Quinlan Bowman, Jonathan Kuyper, Jonathan Pickering, Jensen Sass, Hayley Stevenson
  • Published online:
    08 July 2019
    Print publication:
    11 July 2019
  • Global institutions are afflicted by severe democratic deficits, while many of the major problems facing the world remain intractable. Against this backdrop, we develop a deliberative approach that puts effective, inclusive, and transformative communication at the heart of global governance. Multilateral negotiations, international organizations and regimes, governance networks, and scientific assessments can be rendered more deliberative and democratic. More thoroughgoing transformations could involve citizens' assemblies, nested forums, transnational mini-publics, crowdsourcing, and a global dissent channel. The deliberative role of global civil society is vital. We show how different institutional and civil society elements can be linked to good effect in a global deliberative system. The capacity of deliberative institutions to revise their own structures and processes means that deliberative global governance is not just a framework but also a reconstructive learning process. A deliberative approach can advance democratic legitimacy and yield progress on global problems such as climate change, violent conflict and poverty.
Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility
  • Christopher Wickert, David Risi
  • Published online:
    05 July 2019
    Print publication:
    04 July 2019
  • This Element offers a thought-provoking and critical examination of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR has entered the boardroom and become a mainstream management concept for businesses to address their ethical, social and environmental responsibilities towards society. CSR does not come without contestation, and firms engage in CSR for different reasons and exhibit different patterns of CSR activities. These activities range from sincere action with substantial social or environmental improvements to symbolic impression management and the creation of a CSR-façade that is little more than empty words. This Element illuminates and scrutinizes contemporary approaches to CSR and offers a fresh perspective for scholars, managers and decision-makers interested in the societal role of business firms beyond maximizing profitability. Christopher Wickert and David Risi take a step back from how CSR is currently understood and practiced, and stimulate readers to reflect on how to move CSR forward towards a more inclusive concept.
Chemical Senses in Feeding, Belonging, and Surviving

Chemical Senses in Feeding, Belonging, and Surviving
  • Or, Are You Going to Eat That?
  • Paul A. S. Breslin
  • Published online:
    05 July 2019
    Print publication:
    11 July 2019
  • This Element looks at the physiological and social roles of taste and the proximal chemical senses. First, how we perceive food and people when we contact them is discussed. These perceptions help us identify what we are eating and with whom we are present and serves as an analysis of the complex scene. Second, the influence of taste in food choice, metabolism, and nutrition is considered. Next, the impact of taste and the proximal chemical senses in social interactions is examined, including social eating. Then, the role of taste and the proximal chemical senses in emotion is explored.
Understanding Institutional Weakness

Understanding Institutional Weakness
  • Power and Design in Latin American Institutions
  • Daniel M. Brinks, Steven Levitsky, Maria Victoria Murillo
  • Published online:
    04 July 2019
    Print publication:
    27 June 2019
  • This Element introduces the concept of institutional weakness, arguing that weakness or strength is a function of the extent to which an institution actually matters to social, economic or political outcomes. It then presents a typology of three forms of institutional weakness: insignificance, in which rules are complied with but do not affect the way actors behave; non-compliance, in which state elites either choose not to enforce the rules or fail to gain societal cooperation with them; and instability, in which the rules are changed at an unusually high rate. The Element then examines the sources of institutional weakness.
God and Human Freedom

God and Human Freedom
  • Leigh C. Vicens, Simon Kittle
  • Published online:
    03 July 2019
    Print publication:
    04 July 2019
  • This Element considers the relationship between the traditional view of God as all-powerful, all-knowing and wholly good on the one hand, and the idea of human free will on the other. It focuses on the potential threats to human free will arising from two divine attributes: God's exhaustive foreknowledge and God's providential control of creation.
Kant on the Rationality of Morality

Kant on the Rationality of Morality
  • Paul Guyer
  • Published online:
    01 July 2019
    Print publication:
    11 July 2019
  • Kant claims that the fundamental principle of morality is given by pure reason itself. Many have interpreted Kant to derive this principle from a conception of pure practical reason (as opposed to merely prudential reasoning about the most effective means to empirically given ends). But Kant maintained that there is only one faculty of reason, although with both theoretical and practical applications. This Element shows how Kant attempted to derive the fundamental principle and goal of morality from the general principles of reason as such, defined by the principles of non-contradiction and sufficient reason and the ideal of systematicity.
The Ethical Commonwealth in History

The Ethical Commonwealth in History
  • Peace-making as the Moral Vocation of Humanity
  • Philip J. Rossi
  • Published online:
    01 July 2019
    Print publication:
    04 July 2019
  • The 'ethical commonwealth', the central social element in Kant's account of religion, provides the church, as 'the moral people of God', with a role in establishing a cosmopolitan order of peace. This role functions within an interpretive realignment of Kant's critical project that articulates its central concern as anthropological: critically disciplined reason enables humanity to enact peacemaking as its moral vocation in history. Within this context, politics and religion are not peripheral elements in the critical project. They are, instead, complementary social modalities in which humanity enacts its moral vocation to bring lasting peace among all peoples.
The Darwinian Revolution

The Darwinian Revolution
  • Michael Ruse
  • Published online:
    27 June 2019
    Print publication:
    25 April 2019
  • What is the Darwinian revolution and why is it important for philosophers? These are the questions tackled in this Element. In four sections, the topics covered are the story of the revolution, the question of whether it really was a revolution, the nature of the revolution, and the implications for philosophy, both epistemology and ethics.
The Forever Fandom of Harry Potter

The Forever Fandom of Harry Potter
  • Balancing Fan Agency and Corporate Control
  • Marianne Martens
  • Published online:
    25 June 2019
    Print publication:
    27 June 2019
  • Harry Potter fans contribute their immaterial and affective labor in multiple arenas: as peer-to-peer marketers via fan sites and social media; as participants in amateur fan festivals; or as activists for social change. Fans' participation in the Harry Potter universe has contributed to its success. This Element examines how fans' labor might continue to support the franchise for future readers. Starting with the context and theoretical frameworks that support a multidimensional analysis of the Harry Potter fan experience, this Element examines tensions between fans and Warner Bros., as fan participation tests the limits of corporate control.
A Flexible Multi-Functional Touch Panel for Multi-Dimensional Sensing in Interactive Displays

A Flexible Multi-Functional Touch Panel for Multi-Dimensional Sensing in Interactive Displays
  • Shuo Gao, Arokia Nathan
  • Published online:
    14 June 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019
  • Touch screen panels (TSPs) have become an integral part of modern-day lifestyle. To enhance user experience, attributes such as form-factor flexibility, multi-dimensional sensing, low power consumption and low cost have become highly desirable. This Element addresses the design of multi-functional TSPs with integrated concurrent capture of ubiquitous capacitive touch signals and force information. It compares and contrasts interactive technologies and presents design considerations for multi-dimensional touch screens with high detection sensitivity, accuracy and resolution.
The Biology of Art

The Biology of Art
  • Richard A. Richards
  • Published online:
    07 June 2019
    Print publication:
    23 May 2019
  • Biological accounts of art typically start with evolutionary, psychological or neurobiological theories. These approaches might be able to explain many of the similarities we see in art behaviors within and across human populations, but they don't obviously explain the differences we also see. Nor do they give us guidance on how we should engage with art, or the conceptual basis for art. A more comprehensive framework, based also on the ecology of art and how art behaviors get expressed in engineered niches, can help us better understand the full range of art behaviors, their normativity and conceptual basis.
A Concise History of Mathematics for Philosophers

A Concise History of Mathematics for Philosophers
  • John Stillwell
  • Published online:
    06 June 2019
    Print publication:
    06 June 2019
  • This Element aims to present an outline of mathematics and its history, with particular emphasis on events that shook up its philosophy. It ranges from the discovery of irrational numbers in ancient Greece to the nineteenth- and twentieth-century discoveries on the nature of infinity and proof. Recurring themes are intuition and logic, meaning and existence, and the discrete and the continuous. These themes have evolved under the influence of new mathematical discoveries and the story of their evolution is, to a large extent, the story of philosophy of mathematics.
The Anglo-Norman Historical Canon

The Anglo-Norman Historical Canon
  • Publishing and Manuscript Culture
  • Jaakko Tahkokallio
  • Published online:
    06 June 2019
    Print publication:
    06 June 2019
    • Element
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  • This Element is a contribution to the ongoing debate on what it meant to publish a book in manuscript. It offers case-studies of three twelfth-century Anglo-Norman historians: William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, and Geoffrey of Monmouth. It argues that the contemporary success and rapid attainment of canonical authority for their histories was in significant measure the result of successfully conducted publishing activities. These activities are analysed using the concept of a 'publishing circle'. This concept, it is suggested, may have wider utility in the study of authorial publishing in a manuscript culture. This Element is also available as Open Access.
Motivating Public Employees

Motivating Public Employees
  • Marc Esteve, Christian Schuster
  • Published online:
    03 June 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019
  • What motivates public employees to work hard? This Element systematically reviews answers from public administration research. The authors locate this research in a novel two-dimensional typology, which shows that public employees can be motivated for other- and self-interested reasons and extrinsic (motivated by outcomes) and intrinsic (motivated by work itself) reasons. Public administration research sheds significant light on extrinsic motivators: working hard to help society (public service motivation), one's organization (organizational commitment) and oneself (financial incentives). Future research should focus on hitherto understudied motivators: symbolic rewards and intrinsic motivators, such as enjoyable work tasks, warm glow, and relatedness with colleagues. Supplementary material for this Element is available online.
Organizational Obliviousness

Organizational Obliviousness
  • Entrenched Resistance to Gender Integration in the Military
  • Alesha Doan, Shannon Portillo
  • Published online:
    03 June 2019
    Print publication:
    13 June 2019
  • Exploring efforts to integrate women into combat forces in the military, we investigate how resistance to equity becomes entrenched, ultimately excluding women from being full participants in the workplace. Based on focus groups and surveys with members of Special Operations, we found most of the resistance is rooted in traditional gender stereotypes that are often bolstered through organizational policies and practices. The subtlety of these practices often renders them invisible. We refer to this invisibility as organizational obliviousness. Obliviousness exists at the individual level, it becomes reinforced at the cultural level, and, in turn, cultural practices are entrenched institutionally by policies. Organizational obliviousness may not be malicious or done to actively exclude or harm, but the end result is that it does both. Throughout this Element we trace the ways that organizational obliviousness shapes individuals, culture, and institutional practices throughout the organization.
Capital Letters

Capital Letters
  • The Economics of Academic Bookselling
  • J. M. Hawker
  • Published online:
    01 June 2019
    Print publication:
    06 June 2019
  • Academic bookselling inhabits a landscape fundamentally impacted by legislative and political pressure, colonised by new textual forms and new publishing ventures, experiencing constant change. Capital Letters defines the academic bookshop, text, and market, examining change drivers in the UK, the USA and Asia. Drawing on current research, inclusive of commercial publishers and publishing interest groups, Capital Letters also includes quantitative and qualitative research data from academic booksellers. In evaluating the response of academic bookshops to the changing landscape, Capital Letters argues that academic booksellers can understand, shape, and lead a sustainable and equitable future for academic text within the marketplace.
Mormonism and Violence

Mormonism and Violence
  • The Battles of Zion
  • Patrick Q. Mason
  • Published online:
    01 June 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019
  • In popular culture and scholarship, a consistent trope about Mormonism is that it features a propensity for violence, born of the religion's theocratic impulses and the antinomian tendencies of special revelation. Mormonism and Violence critically assesses the relationship of Mormonism and violence through a close examination of Mormon history and scripture, focusing on the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Element pays special attention to violence in the Book of Mormon and the history of the movement, from the 1830s to the present.
Hypothesis Testing Reconsidered

Hypothesis Testing Reconsidered
  • Gregory Francis
  • Published online:
    29 May 2019
    Print publication:
    23 May 2019
  • Hypothesis testing is a common statistical analysis for empirical data generated by studies of perception, but its properties and limitations are widely misunderstood. This Element describes several properties of hypothesis testing, with special emphasis on analyses common to studies of perception. The author also describes the challenges and difficulties with using hypothesis testing to interpret empirical data. Many common applications of hypothesis testing inflate the intended Type I error rate. Other aspects of hypothesis tests have important implications for experimental design. Solutions are available for some of these difficulties, but many issues are difficult to deal with.
How Ideas and Institutions Shape the Politics of Public Policy

How Ideas and Institutions Shape the Politics of Public Policy
  • Daniel Béland
  • Published online:
    24 May 2019
    Print publication:
    30 May 2019
  • This Element provides a critical review of existing literature on the role of ideas and institutions in the politics of public policy with the aim of contributing to the study of the politics of public policy. Because most policy scholars deal with the role of ideas or institutions in their research, such a critical review should help them improve their knowledge of crucial analytical issues in policy and political analysis. The following discussion brings together insights from both the policy studies literature and new institutionalism in sociology and political science, and stresses the explanatory role of ideas and institutions.

Page 96 of 101