Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T08:50:17.812Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Why Should Biologists Care about the Philosophy of Science?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2020

Kostas Kampourakis
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Tobias Uller
Affiliation:
Lunds Universitet, Sweden
Get access

Summary

To many biologists, science and philosophy may appear an odd couple without much in common. Perhaps the word “philosophy” will even bring to mind endless arguments and speculation about whether the chicken or the egg came first, without ever getting anywhere. After all, are philosophers not still arguing over the same things as Aristotle and his fellow Greeks? Well, yes. But biologists too are concerned with the questions that occupied Aristotle: what living beings are and where they come from; how they develop, function, and interact with one another; and why there are so many forms and how those forms should be classified. There has been tremendous progress in biology, of course. But it does not appear that biologists will ever run out of questions. This is because good science does not only reveal new things about the world; it also reveals that there are things we did not even know we could know. So we want to know more.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allis, C. D., Caparros, M-L., Jenuwein, T., Reinberg, D., & Lachlan, M. (2015). Epigenetics, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Amundsen, R. (2005). The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought: Roots of Evo-Devo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baedke, J. (2018). Above the Gene, beyond Biology: Toward a Philosophy of Epigenetics. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Bourque, G., Burns, K. H., Gehring, M., Gorbunova, V., Seluanov, A., Hammell, M., et al. (2018). Ten Things You Should Know about Transposable Elements. Genome Biology 19(1): 199. doi:10.1186/s13059-018-1577-zGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, B. & Charlesworth, D. (2010). Elements of Evolutionary Genetics. Greenwood Village, CO: Roberts & Company Publishers.Google Scholar
Currie, A. (2018). Rock, Bone and Ruin: An Optimist’s Guide to the Historical Sciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Deans, C. & Maggert, K. A. (2015). What Do You Mean, “Epigenetic”? Genetics 199(4): 887896.Google Scholar
Dickins, T. E. & Rahman, Q. (2012). The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the Role of Soft Inheritance in Evolution. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279(1740): 29132921.Google Scholar
Excoffier, L., Foll, M., & Petit, R. J. (2009). Genetic Consequences of Range Expansions. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 40: 481501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleck, L. (1979 [1935]). Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Griffiths, P. E. & Stotz, K. (2013). Genetics and Philosophy: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Illiari, P. & Russo, F. (2014). Causality: Philosophical Theory Meets Scientific Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kampourakis, K. (2017). Making Sense of Genes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, E .F. (2000). The Century of the Gene. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (1996) [1962]. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (3rd edn.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakatos, I. (1978). The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Laland, K., Uller, T., Feldman, M., Sterelny, K., Muller, G. B., Moczek, A., et al. (2014). Does Evolutionary Theory Need a Rethink? – POINT Yes, Urgently. Nature 514(7521): 161164.Google Scholar
Laland, K. N., Sterelny, K., Odling-Smee, J., Hoppitt, W., & Uller, T. (2011). Cause and Effect in Biology Revisited: Is Mayr’s Proximate–Ultimate Dichotomy Still Useful? Science, 334(6062): 15121516.Google Scholar
Laland, K. N., Uller, T., Fellman, M. W., Sterelny, K., Muller, G. B., Moczek, A., et al. (2015). The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: Its Structure, Assumptions and Predictions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282(1813). doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1019Google ScholarPubMed
Levis, N. A. & Pfennig, D. W. (2016). Evaluating “Plasticity-First” Evolution in Nature: Key Criteria and Empirical Approaches. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31(7): 563574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewens, T. (2015). The Meaning of Science. Milton Keynes, UK: Penguin Random House.Google Scholar
Love, Alan C. (2008). Explaining Evolutionary Innovations and Novelties: Criteria of Explanatory Adequacy and Epistemological Prerequisites. Philosophy of Science 75(5): 874886.Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1961). Cause and Effect in Biology – Kinds of Causes, Predictability, and Teleology Are Viewed by a Practicing Biologist. Science 134(348): 15011506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mill, J. & Heijmans, B. T. (2013). From Promises to Practical Strategies in Epigenetic Epidemiology. Nature Reviews Genetics 14(8): 585594.Google Scholar
Muschick, M., Indermaur, A., & Salzburger, W. (2012). Convergent Evolution within an Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fishes. Current Biology 22(24): 23622368.Google Scholar
Noble, D. (2013). Physiology Is Rocking the Foundations of Evolutionary Biology. Experimental Physiology 98(8): 12351243.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (2000). The Onotgeny of Information. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Pocheville, A. (2019). A Darwinian Dream: On Time, Levels, and Processes in Evolution. In Uller, T. & Laland, K. N. (eds.), Evolutionary Causation: Biological and Philosophical Reflections, pp. 265298. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potochnik, A. (2017). Idealization and the Aims of Science. Chicago: Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rheinberger, H-J. (2000). Gene Concepts: Fragments from the Perspective of Molecular Biology. In Beurton, P., Falk, R., & Rhienberger, H-J. (eds.), The Concept of the Genes in Development and Evolution, pp. 219239. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, J. (2009). The Genial Gene: Deconstructing Darwinian Selfishness. Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, R. F. & Meyer, A. (2017). How Plasticity, Genetic Assimilation and Cryptic Genetic Variation May Contribute to Adaptive Radiations. Molecular Ecology 26(1): 330350.Google Scholar
Seehausen, O. (2006). African Cichlid Fish: A Model System in Adaptive Radiation Research. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273(1597): 19871998.Google Scholar
Strevens, M. (2008). Depth: An Account of Scientific Explanation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tobi, E. W., van den Heuvel, J., Zwaan, B. J., Lumey, L. H., Heijmans, B. T., & Uller, T. (2018). Selective Survival of Embryos Can Explain DNA Methylation Signatures of Adverse Prenatal Environments. Cell Reports 25(10): 26602667.Google Scholar
Uller, T., Feiner, N., Radersma, R., Jackson, I. S. C., & Rago, A. (2019). Developmental Plasticity and Evolutionary Explanations. Evolution & Development, 22(1–2): 4755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uller, T. & Helanterä, H. (2019). Niche Construction and Conceptual Change in Evolutionary Biology. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 70(2): 351375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, C. H. 1957. The Strategy of the Genes: A Discussion of Some Aspects of Theoretical Biology. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.Google Scholar
Walsh, D. M. (2015). Organism, Agency and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003). Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, J. (2003). Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Woodward, James, “Scientific Explanation,” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2017 Edition), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/scientific-explanation/Google Scholar
Wray, G. A., Hoekstra, H. E., Futuyma, D. J., Lenski, R. E., Mackay, T. F. C., Schluter, D., & Strassmann, J. E. (2014). Does Evolutionary Theory Need a Rethink? COUNTERPOINT No, All Is Well. Nature 514(7521): 161164.Google Scholar
Ylikoski, P. & Kuorikoski, J. (2010). Dissecting Explanatory Power. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition 148(2): 201219.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×