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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 December 2024
On 15 August 2021, images of heavily armed bearded men behind and around a desk in the Citadel of Kabul were broadcast by media outlets all over the world. They were vividly illustrating the breaking news that the warriors of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Də Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat; henceforth IEA), colloquially known as “The Taliban”, had taken the Afghan capital for the second time, while President Ashraf Ghanī (b. 1949), having precipitately fled his country to the safety of Tashkent, declared his resignation via Facebook. All of a sudden, it seemed, those who had confidently been declared defeated by a USA-led military invasion in late 2001 in reprisal for the infamous al-Qāʿida attacks on 11 September of that year were back in charge.
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