Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T01:44:42.097Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 13 - Prevention of Epileptogenesis in Animal Models

from Part III - Predicting the Response to Therapeutic Interventions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2019

By
Asht Mangal Mishra  and
Hal Blumenfeld
Edited by
Andrea Bernasconi ,
Neda Bernasconi  and
Matthias Koepp
Andrea Bernasconi
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
Neda Bernasconi
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
Matthias Koepp
Affiliation:
Institute of Neurology, University College London
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Imaging Biomarkers in Epilepsy , pp. 135 - 147
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Shorvon, SD. The etiologic classification of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52:1052–7.Google Scholar
Giblin, KA, Blumenfeld, H. Is epilepsy a preventable disorder? New evidence from animal models. Neuroscience. 2010;16(3):253–75.Google Scholar
Banerjee, PN, Filippi, D, Allen Hauser, W. The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy—a review. Epilepsy Res. 2009;85:31–45.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld, H. New strategies for preventing epileptogenesis: perspective and overview. Neurosci Lett. 2011;497(3):153–4.Google Scholar
Chahboune H, , Mishra, AM, DeSalvo, MN, et al. DTI abnormalities in anterior corpus callosum of rats with spike-wave epilepsy. NeuroImage. 2009;47(2):459–66.Google Scholar
Mishra, AM, Bai, X, Sanganahalli, BG, Waxman, SG. Decreased resting functional connectivity after traumatic brain injury in the rat. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(4):e95280.Google Scholar
Van Luijtelaar, G, Mishra, AM, Edelbroek, P, et al. Anti-epileptogenesis: electrophysiology, diffusion tensor imaging and behavior in a genetic absence model. Neurobiol Dis. 2013;60:126–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenfeld, H, Klein, JP, Schridde, U, et al. Early treatment suppresses the development of spike-wave epilepsy in a rat model. Epilepsia. 2008;49(3):400–9.Google Scholar
Shorvon, SD. A history of neuroimaging in epilepsy 1909–2009. Epilepsia. 2009;50:39–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filler, AG. The history, development and impact of computed imaging in neurological diagnosis and neurosurgery: CT, MRI, and DTI. Nat Proc. 2009. Available at:http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3267/version/5.Google Scholar
Patterson, JL, Carapetian, SA, Hageman, JR, Kelley, KR. Febrile seizures. Pediatr Ann. 2013;42:249–54.Google Scholar
Dubé, C, Yu, H, Nalcioglu, O, Baram, TZ. Serial MRI after experimental febrile seizures: altered T2 signal without neuronal death. Ann Neurol. 2004;56(3):709–14.Google Scholar
Dube, M, Ravizza, T, Hamamura, M, et al. Epileptogenesis provoked by prolonged experimental febrile seizures: mechanisms and biomarkers. J Neurosci. 2010;30(22):7484–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choy, M, Dubé, CM, Patterson, K, et al. Neurobiology of disease: a novel, noninvasive, predictive epilepsy biomarker with clinical potential. J Neurosci. 2014;34(26):8672–84.Google Scholar
Pagni, CA, Zenga, F. Prevention and treatment of post-traumatic epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006;6(8):1223–33.Google Scholar
Pitkänen, A, McIntosh, T. Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23(2):241–61.Google Scholar
Kharatishvili, I, Sierra, A, Immonen, RJ, Gröhn, OHJ, Pitkänen, A. Quantitative T2 mapping as a potential marker for the initial assessment of the severity of damage after traumatic brain injury in rat. Exp Neurol. 2009;217(1):154–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Immonen, RJ, Kharatishvili, I, Gröhn, H, Pitkänen, A, Gröhn, OHJ. Quantitative MRI predicts long-term structural and functional outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury. NeuroImage. 2009;45(1):1–9.Google Scholar
Roch, C, Leroy, C, Nehlig, A, Namer, IJ. Predictive value of cortical injury for the development of temporal lobe epilepsy in 21-day-old rats: an MRI approach using the lithium-pilocarpine model. Epilepsia. 2002;43(10):1129–36.Google Scholar
van Eijsden, P, Notenboom, RGE, Wu, O, et al. In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI during lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in the rat. Brain Res. 2004;1030(1):11–8.Google Scholar
Choy, M, Cheung, KK, Thomas, DL, Gadian, DG, Lythgoe, MF, Scott, RC. Quantitative MRI predicts status epilepticus-induced hippocampal injury in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model. Epilepsy Res. 2010;88 (2–3):221–30.Google Scholar
Roch, C, Leroy, C, Nehlig, A, Namer, IJ. Magnetic resonance imaging in the study of the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in adult rats. Epilepsia. 2002;43(4):325–35.Google Scholar
Nairismägi, J, Gröhn, OHJ, Kettunen, MI, Nissinen, J, Kauppinen, RA, Pitkänen, A. Progression of brain damage after status epilepticus and its association with epileptogenesis: a quantitative MRI study in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2004;45(9):1024–34.Google Scholar
Jupp, B, Williams, JP, Tesiram, YA, Vosmansky, M, O’Brien, TJ. Hippocampal T2 signal change during amygdala kindling epileptogenesis. Epilepsia. 2006;47(1):41–6.Google Scholar
Ashburner, J, Friston, KJ. Voxel-based morphometry—the methods. NeuroImage. 2000;11(6 p. 1):805–21.Google Scholar
Maguire, EA, Gadian, DG, Johnsrude, IS, et al. Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(8):4398–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf, OT, Dyakin, V, Patel A, et al. Volumetric structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the rat hippocampus following kainic acid (KA) treatment. Brain Res. 2002;934(2):87–96.Google Scholar
Shultz, SR, Cardamone, L, Liu, YR, et al. Can structural or functional changes following traumatic brain injury in the rat predict epileptic outcome? Epilepsia. 2013;54(7):1240–50.Google Scholar
Kharatishvili, I, Immonen, R, Gro, O, Pitka, A, Gröhn, O, Pitkänen, A. Quantitative diffusion MRI of hippocampus as a surrogate marker for post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Brain. 2007;130(130):3155–68.Google Scholar
Liu, YR, Cardamone, L, Hogan, RE, et al. Progressive metabolic and structural cerebral perturbations after traumatic brain injury: an in vivo imaging study in the rat. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(11):1788–95.Google Scholar
Immonen, R, Kharatishvili, I, Gröhn, O, Pitkänen, A, Pitkanen, A. MRI biomarkers for post-traumatic epileptogenesis. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30:1305–9.Google Scholar
Gupta, RK, Cloughesy, TF, Sinha, U, et al. Relationships between choline magnetic resonance spectroscopy, apparent diffusion coefficient and quantitative histopathology in human glioma. J Neurooncol. 2000;50(3):215–26.Google Scholar
Mishra, AM, Gupta, RK, Jaggi, RS, et al. Role of diffusion-weighted imaging and in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracranial cystic mass lesions. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2004;28(4):540–7.Google Scholar
Nagarajan, R, Sarma, MK, Thames, AD, Castellon, SA, Hinkin, CH, Thomas, MA. 2D MR spectroscopy combined with prior-knowledge fitting is sensitive to HCV-associated cerebral metabolic abnormalities. Int J Hepatol. 2012;2012:179365.Google Scholar
Filibian, M, Frasca, A, Maggioni, D, Micotti, E, Vezzani, A, Ravizza, T. In vivo imaging of glia activation using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect putative biomarkers of tissue epileptogenicity. Epilepsia. 2012;53(11):1907–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, J. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):598–605.Google Scholar
Lee, EM, Park, GY, Im, KC, et al. Changes in glucose metabolism and metabolites during the epileptogenic process in the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2012;53(5):860–9.Google Scholar
Alvestad, S, Hammer, J, Qu, H, Håberg, A, Ottersen, OP, Sonnewald, U. Reduced astrocytic contribution to the turnover of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA characterizes the latent phase in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011;31(8):1675–86.Google Scholar
Kuhl, DE, Engel, J Jr, Phelps, ME KA. Epileptic patterns of local computed, cerebral metabolism and perfusion in man: investigation by emission tomography of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 13N-ammonia. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1978;103:52–3.Google Scholar
Dedeurwaerdere, S, Callaghan, PD, Pham, T, et al. PET imaging of brain inflammation during early epileptogenesis in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. EJNMMI Res. 2012;2(1):60.Google Scholar
Jones, NC, Nguyen, T, Corcoran, NM, et al. Targeting hyperphosphorylated tau with sodium selenate suppresses seizures in rodent models. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;45(3):897–901.Google Scholar
Virdee, K, Cumming, P, Caprioli, D, et al. Applications of positron emission tomography in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(4):1188–216.Google Scholar
Jupp, B, Williams, J, Binns, D, et al. Hypometabolism precedes limbic atrophy and spontaneous recurrent seizures in a rat model of TLE. Epilepsia. 2012;53(7):1233–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffin, K, Van, Paesschen W, Dupont, P, Van, Laere K. Longitudinal microPET imaging of brain glucose metabolism in rat lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Exp Neurol. 2009;217(1):205–9.Google Scholar
Guo, Y, Gao, F, Wang, S, et al. In vivo mapping of temporospatial changes in glucose utilization in rat brain during epileptogenesis: an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-small animal positron emission tomography study. Neuroscience. 2009;162(4):972–9.Google Scholar
Ogawa, S, Menon, RS, Tank, DW, et al. Functional brain mapping by blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison of signal characteristics with a biophysical model. Biophys J. 1993;64(3):803–12.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld, H. Functional MRI studies of animal models in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48:18–26.Google Scholar
Hyder, F. Dynamic imaging of brain function. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;489:3–21.Google Scholar
Ogawa, SLT. Blood oxygen level dependent MRI of the brain: effects of seizure induced by kainic acid in the rat. Proc Soc Magn Reson Med. 1992;1:501.Google Scholar
Friston, KJ, Frith, CD, Liddle, PF, Frackowiak, RS. Functional connectivity: the principal-component analysis of large (PET) data sets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993;13(1):5–14.Google Scholar
Biswal, B, Yetkin, FZ, Haughton, VM, Hyde, JS. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(4):537–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basser, PJ, Pierpaoli, C. Microstructural and physiological features of tissues elucidated by quantitative-diffusion-tensor MRI. J Magn Reson B. 1996;111(3):209–19.Google Scholar
Ranjan, P, Mishra, AM, Kale, R, Saraswat, VA, Gupta, RK. Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects. Metab Brain Dis. 2005;20(3):181–92.Google Scholar
Kale, RA, Gupta, RK, Saraswat, VA, et al. Demonstration of interstitial cerebral edema with diffusion tensor MR imaging in type C hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 2006;43(4):698–706.Google Scholar
Gupta, RK, Hasan, KM, Mishra, AM, et al. High fractional anisotropy in brain abscesses versus other cystic intracranial lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26(5):1107–14.Google Scholar
Beaulieu, C. The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system—a technical review. NMR Biomed. 2002;15(7–8):435–55.Google Scholar
Frey, L, Lepkin, A, Schickedanz, A, Huber, K, Brown, MS, Serkova, N. ADC mapping and T1-weighted signal changes on post-injury MRI predict seizure susceptibility after experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res. 2014;36(1):26–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansen, JFA, Lemmens, EMP, Strijkers, GJ, et al. Short- and long-term limbic abnormalities after experimental febrile seizures. Neurobiol Dis. 2008;32(2):293–301.Google Scholar
Wall, CJ, Kendall, EJ, Obenaus A. Rapid alterations in diffusion-weighted images with anatomic correlates in a rodent model of status epilepticus. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(10):1841–52.Google Scholar
Sierra, A, Laitinen, T, Lehtimäki, K, Rieppo, L, Pitkänen, A, Gröhn, O. Diffusion tensor MRI with tract-based spatial statistics and histology reveals undiscovered lesioned areas in kainate model of epilepsy in rat. Brain Struct Funct. 2011;216(2):123–35.Google Scholar
Hippocampal, Nehlig A MRI and other structural biomarkers: experimental approach to epileptogenesis. Biomark Med. 2011;5(5):585–97.Google Scholar
Guo, JN, Kim, R, Chen, Y, et al. Impaired consciousness in patients with absence seizures investigated by functional MRI, EEG, and behavioural measures: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1336–45.Google Scholar
Bai, X, Vestal, M, Berman, R, et al. Dynamic time course of typical childhood absence seizures: EEG, behavior, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci. 2010;30(17):5884–93.Google Scholar
Vega, C, Vestal, M, DeSalvo, M, et al. Differentiation of attention-related problems in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;19(1):82–5.Google Scholar
Vega, C, Guo, J, Killory, B, et al. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52(8):e70–4.Google Scholar
Bai X, , Guo J, , Killory B, , et al. Resting functional connectivity between the hemispheres in childhood absence epilepsy. Neurology. 2011;76(23):1960–7.Google Scholar
Killory, BD, Bai, X, Negishi, M, et al. Impaired attention and network connectivity in childhood absence epilepsy. NeuroImage. 2011;56:2209–17.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld, H, Klein, JP, Schridde, U, et al. Early treatment suppresses the development of spike-wave epilepsy in a rat. Epilepsia. 2008;49(3):400–9.Google Scholar
Mishra, AM, Bai, X, Motelow, JE, et al. Increased resting functional connectivity in spike-wave epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. Epilepsia. 2013;54(7):1214–22.Google Scholar
Klein, JP, Khera, DS, Nersesyan, H, Kimchi, EY, Waxman, SG, Blumenfeld, H. Dysregulation of sodium channel expression in cortical neurons in a rodent model of absence epilepsy. Brain Res. 2004;1000(1–2):102–9.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld H, , Lampert A, , Klein, JP, et al. Role of hippocampal sodium channel Nav1.6 in kindling epileptogenesis. Epilepsia. 2009;50(1):44–55.Google Scholar
Dezsi, G, Ozturk, E, Stanic, D, et al. Ethosuximide reduces epileptogenesis and behavioral comorbidity in the GAERS model of genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2013;54(4):635–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, AT, Levy, SR, Testa, FM, Blumenfeld, H. Long-term seizure remission in childhood absence epilepsy: might initial treatment matter? Epilepsia. 2014;55(4):551–7.Google Scholar
Yasuda, CL, Betting, LE, Cendes, F. Voxel-based morphometry and epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(6):975–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruggemann, JM, Wilke, M, Som, SS, Bye, AME, Bleasel, A, Lawson, JA. Voxel-based morphometry in the detection of dysplasia and neoplasia in childhood epilepsy: Limitations of grey matter analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(6):780–5.Google Scholar
Henley, S, Ridgway, GR, Scahill, RI, Kassubek, J. Pitfalls in the use of voxel-based morphometry as a biomarker: examples from Huntington. Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:711–9.Google Scholar
Nersesyan, H, Hyder, F, Rothman, DL, Blumenfeld, H. Dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij Rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004;24:589–99.Google Scholar
Mishra, AM, Ellens, DJ, Schridde, U, et al. Where fMRI and electrophysiology agree to disagree: corticothalamic and striatal activity patterns in the WAG/Rij rat. J Neurosci. 2011;31(42):15053–64.Google Scholar
Meeren, HKM, Pijn, JPM, Van Luijtelaar, ELJM, Coenen, AML, Lopes da Silva, FH. Cortical focus drives widespread corticothalamic networks during spontaneous absence seizures in rats. J Neurosci. 2002;22(4):1480–95.Google Scholar
Nersesyan, H, Herman, P, Erdogan, E, Hyder, F, Blumenfeld, H. Relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004;1057–68.Google Scholar
Tenney, J, Duong, T, King, J. Corticothalamic modulation during absence seizures in rats: a functional MRI assessment. Epilepsia. 2003;44(9):1133–40.Google Scholar
Schridde, U, Khubchandani, M, Motelow, JE, Sanganahalli, BG, Hyder, F, Blumenfeld, H. Negative BOLD with large increases in neuronal activity. Cereb Cortex. 2008;18(8):1814–27.Google Scholar
DeSalvo, MN, Schridde, U, Mishra, AM, et al. Focal BOLD fMRI changes in bicuculline-induced tonic-clonic seizures in the rat. NeuroImage. 2010;50(3):902–9.Google Scholar
Gotman, J, Grova, C, Bagshaw, A, Kobayashi, E, Aghakhani, Y, Dubeau, F. Generalized epileptic discharges show thalamocortical activation and suspension of the default state of the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(42):15236–40.Google Scholar
Hamandi, K, Laufs, H, Nöth, U, Carmichael, DW, Duncan, JS, Lemieux, L. BOLD and perfusion changes during epileptic generalised spike wave activity. NeuroImage. 2008;39(2):608–18.Google Scholar
Labate, A, Briellmann, RS, Abbott, DF, Waites, AB, Jackson, GD. Typical childhood absence seizures are associated with thalamic activation. Epileptic Disord. 2005;7(4):373–7.Google Scholar
Biswal, B, Yetkin, FZ, Haughton, VM, Hyde, JS. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(4):537–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waites, AB, Briellmann, RS, Saling, MM, Abbott, DF, Jackson, GD. Functional connectivity networks are disrupted in left temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:335–43.Google Scholar
Muroi, J, Okuno, T, Kuno, C, et al. An MRI study of the myelination pattern in West syndrome. Brain Dev. 1996;18:179–84.Google Scholar
Schropp, C, Staudt, M, Staudt, F, et al. Delayed myelination in children with West syndrome: an MRI-study. Neuropediatrics. 1994;25:116–20.Google Scholar
Boska, MD, Hasan, KM, Kibuule, D, et al. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging detects dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in a murine model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2007;26(3):590–6.Google Scholar
Obenaus, A, Jacobs, RE. Magnetic resonance imaging of functional anatomy: use for small animal epilepsy models. Epilepsia. 2007;48(2002):11–7.Google Scholar
Song, S-K, Kim, JH, Lin, S-J, Brendza, RP, Holtzman, DM. Diffusion tensor imaging detects age-dependent white matter changes in a transgenic mouse model with amyloid deposition. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;15(3):640–7.Google Scholar
Gulani, V, Webb, AG, Duncan, ID, Lauterbur, PC. Apparent diffusion tensor measurements in myelin-deficient rat spinal cords. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45(2):191–5.Google Scholar
Harsan, LA, Poulet, P, Guignard, B, et al. Brain dysmyelination and recovery assessment by noninvasive in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci Res. 2006;83(3):392–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Concha, L, Livy, D, Gross, D, Wheatley, B, Beaulieu, C. Direct correlation between diffusion tensor imaging and electron microscopy of the fornix in humans with temporal lobe epilepsy. Proc 16th Sci Meet Int Soc Magn Reson Med. 2008;566.Google Scholar
Hui, ES, Fu, QL, So, KF, Wu, EX. Diffusion tensor MR study of optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma. Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol. 2007;4312–5.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×