Chapter 6 - The Holocene

6.1 Holocene Mammals

By the beginning of the Holocene, all taxa, apart from five species (see Chapter 7), were extant. A notable feature of the Holocene fauna is the appearance of various introduced taxa, both domestic and commensal. The domestic animals were, of course, introduced intentionally and their distribution expanded greatly as their human owners spread across the landscape. The distribution of two of the unintentionally introduced commensals indicates their arrival from the north; the roof rat Rattus rattus follows the route taken by Iron Age immigrants, while the house mouse Mus musculus almost certainly followed the same route, though there is only one record (Wadley and Turner 1987). The third taxon is the black rat Rattus norvegicus, which occurs only in the vicinity of Cape Town. It must have arrived from Europe on ships and seems not to have extended its range very far beyond its port of entry (Avery 1985).

ORDER: AFROSORICIDA

Suborder: Chrysochloridea

FAMILY: CHRYSOCHLORIDAE

Subfamily: Chrysochlorinae

Chlorotalpa sclateri Broom, 1907. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 19: 263. Sclater’s golden mole. Type locality: Beaufort West. Additional references: Bronner (1995a, 1995b); Broom (1907b, 1946, 1950).
Chrysochloris asiatica Linnaeus 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 53. Cape golden mole. Type locality: usually taken as Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Broom (1907b, 1909c, 1910, 1946, 1950); Petter (1981); Roberts (1919).
Chrysospalax villosus Smith, 1833. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 1: 81. Rough-haired golden mole. Synonyms: Chrysochloris villosa. Type locality: near Durban. Additional references: Broom (1909c, 1913a); Gray (1865a); Meester (1953b); Smith (1849).
Cryptochloris zyli Shortridge and Carter, 1938. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 32: 284. Van Zyl’s golden mole. Type locality: Compagnie’s Drift. Additional references: Broom (1946).
Eremitalpa granti Broom, 1907. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 19: 265. Grant’s golden mole. Type locality: Garies. Additional references: Broom (1946, 1950); Meester (1964a); Perrin and Fielden (1999); Petter (1981).

Subfamily: Amblysomyinae

Amblysomus hottentotus Smith, 1829. Zool. J. 4: 436. Hottentot golden mole. Synonyms: iris. Type locality: Grahamstown. Additional references: Bronner (1996); Broom (1908, 1909c); Capanna et al. (1989); Mynhardt et al. (2015); Petter (1981); Roberts (1946).

ORDER: MACROSCELIDEA

FAMILY: MACROSCELIDIDAE

Subfamily: Macroscelidinae

Elephantulus Thomas and Schwann, 1906. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 33: 10. Additional references: Corbet and Hanks (1968); Evans (1942); Holroyd, (2010a); Patterson (1965); Van der Horst (1944).
Elephantulus edwardii Smith, 1839. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa: pl. 14. Cape elephant shrew. Synonyms: Macroscelides. Type locality: Oliphants River. Additional references: Roberts (1924); Smith (1849).
Elephantulus intufi Smith, 1836. Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa: 42. Bushveld elephant shrew. Synonyms: Macroscelides. Type locality: flats beyond Kurrichaine. Additional references: Smith (1849).
Elephantulus myurus Thomas and Schwann, 1906. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1906: 586. Eastern rock elephant shrew. Type locality: Woodbush.
Elephantulus rupestris Smith, 1830. Proc. Commmittee Sci. Corr. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1: 11. Western rock elephant shrew. Synonyms: Macroscelides. Type locality: mountains near mouth of Orange River. Additional references: Broom (1938b); Roberts (1938, 1946); Smith (1849).
Macroscelides proboscideus Shaw, 1800. Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. 1(2) Mammalia: 536. Short-eared elephant shrew. Synonyms: typicus. Type locality: Roodeval. Additional references: Roberts (1933, 1938).

ORDER: TUBULIDENTATA

FAMILY: ORYCTOPODIDAE

Orycteropus afer Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 64. Aardvark. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Kitching (1963); Lehmann (2004, 2007); Pickford (2005b); Shoshani et al. (1988).

ORDER: HYRACOIDEA

FAMILY: PROCAVIIDAE

Heterohyrax brucei Gray, 1868. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 4, 1: 44. Yellow-spotted rock hyrax. Additional references: Barry and Shoshani (2000); Thomas (1892).
Procavia Storr, 1780. Prodromus Methodi Mammalium: 40.
Procavia capensis Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 30. Rock hyrax. Synonyms: Heterohyrax; coombsi; syriacus; welwitschii. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Maswanganye et al. (2017); McMahon and Thackeray (1994); Thomas (1892).

ORDER: PROBOSCIDEA

FAMILY: ELEPHANTIDAE

Subfamily: Elephantinae

Loxodonta africana Blumenbach, 1797. D. Joh. Fr. Blumenbach’s Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 5th edition: 125. African bush elephant. Synonyms: Archidiskodon; Palaeoloxodon; Elephas; Mammuthus; loxodontoides; zulu. Type locality: Orange River, South Africa. Additional references: Brook et al. (2014); Burmeister (1837); Dart (1929b); Sanders et al. (2010a); Todd (2010).

ORDER: PRIMATES

Suborder: Strepsirrhini

FAMILY: GALAGIDAE

Galago Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796. Mag. Encyclop. 1: 49.
Galago senegalensis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796. Mag. Encyclop. 1: 38. Senegal bushbaby. Comments: as currently understood (Wilson and Reeder (2005), the only species of Galago possibly occurring in the sub-region are G. nyasae, inland to southern Malawi and northern Mozambique, and G. zanzibaricus, coastally to southern Mozambique. It therefore seems unlikely that this identification is correct.
Otolemur crassicaudatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 166. Brown greater galago. Synonyms: Galago. Type locality: Quelimane.

Suborder: Haplorrhini

FAMILY: CERCOPITHECIDAE

Subfamily: Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 26. Additional references: Jablonsky and Frost (2010). Comments: material originally identified as Cercopithecus sp. is not mapped because it may be assigned to this genus or to Chlorocebus as currently understood (Wilson and Reeder 2005).
Chlorocebus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 28.
Chlorocebus aethiops Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 28. Grivet. Synonyms: Cercopithecus.
Chlorocebus pygerythrus Cuvier, 1821. Hist. Nat. Mamm. 24: 2. Vervet monkey. Synonyms: aethiops.
Papio Erxleben, 1777. Systema Regni Animales per Classes 1: Mammalia: xxx, 15. Additional references: Williams et al. (2012). Comments: the Holocene material should almost certainly be assigned to P. ursinus since this is the only species currently recognised in the sub-region (Wilson and Reeder 2005).
Papio ursinus Kerr, 1792. The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System of the Celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus: 63. Chacma baboon. Synonyms: cynocephalus; comatus; hamadryas; porcarius; rhodesiae. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Freedman (1954, 1965); Jablonsky and Frost (2010); Roberts (1932); Williams et al. (2012). Comments: material from the Koanaka Hills in Botswana is assigned to P. hamadryas by Williams et al. (2012), probably because some authors (e.g. Singleton et al. 2016) consider ursinus to be a subspecies of P. hamadryas. Here, Wilson and Reeder (2005) are followed in considering ursinus to be a full species.

FAMILY: HOMINIDAE

Subfamily: Homininae

Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 20. Modern human.
Synonyms: capensis; helmei.
Additional references: Ackermann et al. (2016); Beaumont et al. (1978); Bräuer et al. (1992); Bräuer and Singer (1996); Broom (1918); Churchill et al. (1996); Dart (1940); De Villiers (1973, 1974, 1976a, 1976b); Drennan (1937, 1953, 1955); Dreyer (1935); Galloway (1937a, 1937b); Grine (1998, 2000, 2012); Grine et al. (1995, 2007, 2010); Haughton et al. (1917); Hughes (1990); L’Abbé et al. (2008); Pycraft (1925); Keith (1933); MacLatchy et al. (2010); Pearson and Grine (1996); Pickford and Senut (1998); Rightmire (1978, 1979b); Rightmire and Deacon (1991); Rightmire et al. (2006); Singer (1954); Smith et al. (2012); Stynder et al. (2001); Trinkaus et al. (1999).

ORDER: RODENTIA

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

FAMILY: SCIURIDAE

Subfamily: Xerinae

Paraxerus cepapi Smith, 1836. Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa: 43. Smith’s bush squirrel. Synonyms: Sciurus. Type locality: Marico River. Additional references: Roberts (1932, 1946); Smith (1838, 1849).
Xerus Ehrenberg, 1833. In: Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbolae Physicae, seu, Icones et Descriptiones 1: sig. Ee, pl. 9. Comments: there is disagreement about the authorship and dating of this series of publications. See discussion at www.zoonomen.net/mammtax/cit/jours.html.
Xerus inauris Zimmermann, 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere 2: 344. South African ground squirrel. Synonyms: Geosciurus capensis. Type locality: Kaffirland, 100 miles (160 km) north of Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Skurski and Waterman (2005).
Xerus princeps Thomas, 1929. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1929: 106. Damara ground squirrel.

Suborder: Myomorpha

FAMILY: GLIRIDAE

Subfamily: Graphiurinae

Graphiurus murinus Desmarest, 1822. Mammalogie ou descriptions des espèces de mammifères, Part 2 (suppl.): 542. Forest African dormouse. Synonyms: alticola; tasmani; woosnami; vandami; zuluensis. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Holden (1996); Kryštufek et al. (2004); Roberts (1931, 1938).
Graphiurus ocularis Smith, 1829. Zool. J. 4: 439. Spectacled African dormouse. Synonyms: Myoxus; capensis. Type locality: near Plettenberg Bay. Additional references: De Winton (1898); Holden (1996); Smith (1849).
Graphiurus platyops Thomas, 1897. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 6, 19: 388. Flat-headed African dormouse. Synonyms: eastwoodae. Type locality: Enkeldorn. Additional references: Holden (1996).

FAMILY: NESOMYIDAE

Subfamily: Cricetomyinae

Saccostomus Peters, 1846. Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 11: 258. Comments: the Holocene material should almost certainly be assigned to S. campestris since this is the only species currently understood to occur in southern Africa (Wilson and Reeder 2005).
Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846. Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 11: 258. Southern African pouched mouse. Synonyms: anderssoni; hildae; limpopoensis; mashonae; pagei; streeteri. Type locality: Tete. Additional references: Denys (1988b); Roberts (1914).

Subfamily: Dendromurinae

Dendromus Smith, 1829. Zool. J. 4: 438. Synonyms: Poemys.
Dendromus melanotis Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 148. Grey African climbing mouse. Synonyms: arenarius; concinnus; nigrifrons. Type locality: near Port Natal = Durban. Additional references: Roberts (1931); Smith (1849).
Dendromus mesomelas Brants, 1827. Het Geslacht der Muizen door Linnaeus Opgesteld: 122. Brants’ African climbing mouse. Synonyms: ayresi; typica. Type locality: Sunday’s River, east of Port Elizabeth. Additional references: Smith (1849).
Dendromus mystacalis Heuglin, 1863. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 30(2 suppl.): 5. Chestnut African climbing mouse.
Malacothrix typica Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 148. Large-eared African desert mouse. Type locality: Graaff Reinet District. Additional references: Roberts (1932).
Steatomys Peters, 1846. Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 11: 258.
Steatomys krebsii Peters, 1852. Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique: 165. Krebs’s African fat mouse. Synonyms: chiversi; pentonyx; pratensis. Type locality: Kaffraria. Additional references: Roberts (1931).
Steatomys parvus Rhoads, 1896. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 48: 529. Tiny African fat mouse.
Steatomys pratensis Peters, 1846. Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 11: 258. Common African fat mouse. Synonyms: natalensis; opimus. Type locality: Tete. Comments: material from Botswana was identified as Steatomys opimus but, as currently understood, this species is almost entirely confined to West Africa (Musser and Carleton 2005).

Subfamily: Mystromyinae

Mystromys albicaudatus Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 148. African white-tailed rat. Synonyms: Otomys; antiquus. Type locality: Albany District. Additional references: De Winton (1898); Grubb (2004); Smith (1849).

Subfamily: Petromyscinae

Petromyscus Thomas, 1926. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 9, 17: 179. Additional references: Petter (1967).
Petromyscus collinus Thomas and Hinton, 1925. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1925: 237. Pygmy rock mouse. Synonyms: Praomys. Type locality: Karibib.

FAMILY: MURIDAE

Subfamily: Deomyinae

Acomys subspinosus Waterhouse, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837: 104. Cape spiny mouse. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986).

Subfamily: Gerbillinae

Desmodillus auricularis Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 160. Short-eared gerbil. Synonyms: Gerbillus; brevicaudatus. Type locality: Kamiesberg. Additional references: Griffin (1990); Qumsiyeh (1986); Smith (1849).
Gerbilliscus Thomas, 1897. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 433. Synonyms: Gerbillus; Tatera.
Gerbilliscus afra Gray, 1830. Spicil. Zool. 2: 10. Cape gerbil. Synonyms: Gerbillus; Meriones; Tatera; africanus. Type locality: vicinity of Cape Town. Additional references: Chacornac (1999); Cuvier (1841); Davis (1949, 1965); Qumsiyeh (1986); Smith (1849); Smuts (1832). Comments: Gray (1830) not seen. Citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005).
Gerbilliscus brantsii Smith, 1836. Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa: 43. Highveld gerbil. Synonyms: Gerbillus; Tatera; montanus. Type locality: Ladybrand. Additional references: Davis (1949, 1965); Griffin (1990); Qumsiyeh (1986); Roberts (1926); Smith (1849).
Gerbilliscus leucogaster Peters, 1852. Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss., Akad. Wiss. Berlin 17: 274. Bushveld gerbil. Synonyms: Gerbillus; Tatera. Type locality: Boror. Additional references: Davis (1949, 1965); Griffin (1990); Qumsiyeh (1986).
Gerbillurus paeba Smith, 1836. Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa: 43. Paeba hairy-footed gerbil. Synonyms: Gerbillus; tenuis. Type locality: Vryberg. Additional references: Chacornac (1999); De Winton (1898); Griffin (1990); Perrin et al. (1999); Qumsiyeh (1986); Taylor (2000).
Gerbillurus vallinus Thomas, 1918. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 9, 2: 148. Brush-tailed hairy-footed gerbil. Type locality: Tuin Kenhardt. Additional references: Dempster et al. (1999); Griffin (1990); Qumsiyeh (1986).

Subfamily: Murinae

Aethomys Thomas, 1915. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, Series, 8, 16: 477. Additional references: Chimimba (1997, 1998, 2005); Chimimba and Dippenaar (1994); Chimimba et al. (1999); Visser and Robinson (1986). Comments: many specimens were identified as Aethomys sp. at a time when Micaelamys was not recognised as a separate genus. For this reason, distributions that rely on material not identified to species have not been mapped, pending re-identification.
Aethomys chrysophilus De Winton, 1896. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896: 801. Red veld aethomys. Additional references: Chimimba (2000); Chimimba and Dippenaar (1994); Roberts (1926, 1946).
Dasymys incomtus Sundevall, 1846. Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 3: 120. Common dasymys. Type locality: Durban. Additional references: Gordon (1991); Mullin et al. (2004). Comments: much of the material identified as D. incomtus was identified at a time when this species was the only one recognised in southern Africa. For this reason, this material should be considered as D. incomtus sensu lato until such time as it is re-examined.
Grammomys cometes Thomas and Wroughton, 1908. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1908: 549. Mozambique grammomys. Synonyms: Thamnomys; silindensis. Type locality: Inhambane. Additional references: Kryštufek et al. (2008).
Grammomys dolichurus Smuts, 1832. Dissertation Zoologica, Ennumerationem Mammalium Capensium: 38. Common grammomys. Synonyms: Thamnomys. Type locality: near Cape Town. Additional references: Roberts (1931).
Lemniscomys rosalia Thomas, 1904. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 13: 414. Single-striped lemniscomys. Synonyms: dorsalis; griselda. Additional references: Smith (1849).
Mastomys Thomas, 1915. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 8, 16: 477. Synonyms: Praomys. Additional references: Britton-Davidian et al. (1995); Granjon et al. (1997); Grubb (2004); Taylor (2000).
Mastomys coucha Smith, 1834. Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa: 43. Southern African mastomys. Synonyms: Praomys; natalensis. Type locality: between Orange River and Tropic of Capricorn. Additional references: Bronner et al. (2007); Dippenaar et al. (1993); Smit and Van der Bank (2001). Comments: this material was originally identified as M. natalensis at a time when M. coucha was not recognised as a separate species.
Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 146. Natal mastomys. Synonyms: Praomys. Type locality: Port Natal = Durban. Additional references: Bronner et al. (2007); Dippenaar et al. (1993); Green et al. (1980); Smit and Van der Bank (2001); Smith (1849). Comments: see comment under M. coucha above.
Micaelamys namaquensis Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 160. Namaqua micaelamys. Synonyms: Aethomys; lehocla. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope, restricted to Witwater. Additional references: Chimimba (2001); Chimimba and Dippenaar (1994); Roberts (1926, 1946); Russo (2009); Smith (1849); Visser and Robinson (1986).
Mus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 59. Additional references: Britton-Davidian et al. (2012); Veyrunes et al. (2005).
Mus indutus Thomas, 1910. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, Series 8, 5: 89. Desert pygmy mouse. Synonyms: Leggada. Type locality: Molopo River, west of Morokwen. Additional references: Britton-Davidian et al. (2012). Comments: there is no agreement on differences between M. indutus and M. minutoides, but it is possible that both species are present at Wonderwork (Avery, unpublished).
Mus minutoides Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 147. Southern African pygmy mouse. Synonyms: Leggada. Type locality: Cape Town. Additional references: Britton-Davidian et al. (2012). Comments: some of the specimens from the more arid areas may be M. indutus, but see comment under that species.
Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 62. House mouse.
Myomyscus verreauxii Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 146. Verreaux’s white-footed rat. Synonyms: Praomys; Myomys; colonus. Type locality: near Cape Town. Additional references: Grubb (2004); Smith (1849).
Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769. Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland 1: 5. Brown rat.
Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 61. Roof rat.
Rhabdomys Thomas, 1916. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 8, 18: 69.
Rhabdomys dilectus De Winton, 1896. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896: 803. Mesic four-striped grass rat. Type locality: Mazoe. Comments: Rhabdomys dilectus is again regarded (Wilson and Reeder 2005) as a separate species from R. pumilio, but at the time that most of the fossil material was identified only R. pumilio was recognised as a full species. No fossil material has yet been identified as R. dilectus, but see comments under R. pumilio below.
Rhabdomys pumilio Sparrman, 1784. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 5: 236. Xeric four-striped grass rat. Type locality: Slangrivier, east of Knysna. Additional references: Castiglia et al. (2012); Le Grange et al. (2015); Roberts (1946); Smith (1849); Wroughton (1905). Comments: samples recorded here should be regarded as belonging to Rhabdomys pumilio sensu lato and are very likely to include some material that would currently be regarded as R. dilectus.
Thallomys Thomas, 1920. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 9, 5: 141.
Thallomys paedulcus Sundevall, 1846. Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 3: 120. Acacia thallomys. Type locality: provisionally fixed as Crocodile Drift, Brits. Additional references: Taylor (2000); Taylor et al. (1995). Comments: this material was identified as T. paedulcus at a time when only the one species was recognised, but some would now almost certainly be identified as T. nigricauda.
Zelotomys woosnami Schwann, 1906. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1906: 108. Woosnam’s zelotomys. Type locality: Molopo River.

Subfamily: Otomyinae

Myotomys sloggetti Thomas, 1902. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 10: 311. Rock karoo rat. Synonyms: Otomys. Type locality: Deelfontein. Additional references: Taylor et al. (2004).
Myotomys unisulcatus Cuvier, 1829. In: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Cuvier Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, 6 LX: Otomys caffre. Bush karoo rat. Synonyms: Euryotis; Otomys. Type locality: Matjiesfontein. Additional references: Edwards (2009); Edwards et al. (2011); Smith (1849); Taylor et al. (1989, 2004).
Otomys angoniensis Wroughton, 1906. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 18: 274. Angoni vlei rat. Additional references: Bronner and Meester (1988); Taylor et al. (2004).
Otomys irroratus Brants, 1827. Het Geslacht der Muizen door Linnaeus Opgesteld: 94. Southern African vlei rat. Synonyms: Euryotis; Mus. Type locality: Cape Town District. Additional references: Bronner et al. (1988); Engelbrecht et al. (2011); Smith (1849); Taylor (2000); Taylor et al. (1989, 2009).
Otomys laminatus Thomas and Schwann, 1905. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18: 23. KwaZulu vlei rat. Type locality: Sibudeni. Additional references: Roberts (1919, 1932).
Otomys saundersiae Roberts, 1929. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 13: 114. Saunders’ vlei rat. Synonyms: karoensis. Type locality: Grahamstown. Additional references: Roberts (1931); Taylor et al. (1993, 2009).
Parotomys brantsii Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 150. Brants’ whistling rat. Synonyms: Euryotis. Type locality: ‘toward the mouth of the Orange River’. Additional references: Rookmaker and Meester (1988); Smith (1849); Taylor et al. (1989, 2004).
Parotomys littledalei Thomas, 1918. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 9, 2: 205. Littledale’s whistling rat. Type locality: Tuin Kenhardt. Additional references: Roberts (1933); Taylor et al. (1989, 2004).

Suborder: Anomaluromorpha

FAMILY: PEDETIDAE

Pedetes capensis Forster, 1778. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad., Handl. 39: 109. South African spring hare. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Roberts (1946).

Suborder: Hystricomorpha

FAMILY: BATHYERGIDAE

Subfamily: Bathyerginae

Bathyergus janetta Thomas and Schwann, 1904. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 6. Namaqua dune mole-rat. Type locality: Port Nolloth. Additional references: Thomas and Schwann (1904b).
Bathyergus suillus Schreber, 1782. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 4: 714. Cape dune mole-rat. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Comments: volume 4 was published in 1792 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135004#page/137/mode/1up; accessed 19 May 2017) and ‘Der Sandmoll’ is discussed on pp. 715–716, not 714, and Mus suillus is listed on p. 932. Plate 204B appears in an undated volume containing plates 166–280 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97330#page/125/mode/1up). Bennett et al. (2009) give the reference for this species as Schreber, J.C.D. 1782. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Supplementband III [Dritte Abtheilung: Die Beutelthiere und Rage]. Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, Germany. This publication was not seen.
Cryptomys Gray, 1864. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 124. Additional references: De Graaff (1965); Faulkes et al. (2004); Ingram et al. (2004); Kock et al. (2006); Thomas (1917). Comments: some specimens previously identified as Cryptomys sp. may be referable to Fukomys sp. as currently understood.
Cryptomys hottentotus Lesson, 1826. Zool. 1: 166. Southern African mole-rat. Type locality: near Paarl. Additional references: Avery (2004); Denys (1988a); Roberts (1913, 1946). Comments: it is possible that some of the material may be referable to Fukomys damarensis, which was not recognised as a separate species when many of the samples were identified.
Fukomys damarensis Ogilby, 1838. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1838: 5. Damara mole-rat. Synonyms: Cryptomys. Type locality: Damaraland. Additional references: Aguilar (1993); Faulkes et al. (1997, 2004); Ingram et al. (2004); Kock et al. (2006).
Georychus capensis Pallas, 1778. Njova. Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. 76: 172. Cape mole-rat. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Bennett et al. (2006, 2016). Comments: the Holocene occurrence in 2032 may be considered unlikely: this taxon is currently endemic to South Africa (Maree et al. 2017), whereas Cryptomys hottentotus occurs in southern Zimbabwe (Maree and Faulkes 2016).

FAMILY: HYSTRICIDAE

Subfamily: Hystricinae

Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 56. Additional references: Maguire (1976). Comments: it is probable that this material should be assigned to H. africaeaustralis according to current taxonomy.
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters, 1852. Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique: 170. Cape porcupine. Additional references: Maguire (1976).

FAMILY: PETROMURIDAE

Petromus Smith, 1831. S. Afr. Quart. J. 1(5): 10.
Petromus typicus Smith, 1831. S. Afr. Quart. J. 1(5): 11. Dassie rat. Type locality: ‘Mountains towards mouth of Orange River’. Additional references: Roberts (1938, 1946); Smith (1849).

FAMILY THRYONOMYIDAE

Thryonomys Fitzinger, 1867. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein 56(1): 141.
Thryonomys gregorianus Thomas, 1894. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 6, 13: 202. Lesser cane rat. Additional references: Van der Merwe (2007).
Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck, 1827. Monographies de Mammalogie 1: 248. Greater cane rat. Additional references: Van der Merwe (2007).

ORDER: LAGOMORPHA

FAMILY: LEPORIDAE

Bunolagus monticularis Thomas, 1903. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 11: 78. Riverine rabbit. Synonyms: Lepus. Type locality: Deelfontein. Additional references: Robinson and Dippenaar (1987); Robinson and Matthee (2005); Robinson and Skinner (1983).
Lepus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 57. Additional references: Robinson and Dippenaar (1987); Robinson and Matthee (2005).
Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 58. Cape hare. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Roberts (1932).
Lepus saxatilis Cuvier, 1823. Dict. Sci. Nat. 26: 309. Scrub hare. Type locality: ‘à trois journées au nord du cap de Bonne-Espérance’ (north of Cape of Good Hope). Additional references: Kolbe (1948); Roberts (1932); Robinson and Dippenaar (1983).
Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 58. European rabbit.
Pronolagus Lyon, 1904. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 45: 416. Additional references: Robinson and Matthee (2005).
†Pronolagus intermedius Jameson, 1909. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 1: 195. Type locality: Godwan River.
Pronolagus randensis Jameson, 1907. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 20: 404. Jameson’s red rock hare. Type locality: ‘Observatory Kopje Johannesburg’.
Pronolagus rupestris Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 174. Smith’s red rock hare. Synonyms: crassicaudatus. Type locality: probably Van Rhynsdorp District. Additional references: Roberts (1938).

ORDER: ERINACEOMORPHA

FAMILY: ERINACEIDAE

Subfamily: Erinaceinae

Atelerix frontalis Smith, 1831. S. Afr. Quart. J. 1(5): 10, 29. Southern African hedgehog. Synonyms: Erinaceus capensis. Type locality: northern parts of the Graaff Reinet district. Additional references: Smith (1830, 1838, 1849).

ORDER: SORICOMORPHA

FAMILY: SORICIDAE

Subfamily: Crocidurinae

Crocidura Wagler, 1832. Isis von Oken: 275. Additional references: Butler et al. (1989); Jenkins et al. (1998); Meester (1953a, 1961b, 1963); Meester et al. (1985).
Crocidura cyanea Duvernoy, 1838. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg 2: 2. Reddish-grey musk shrew. Type locality: Citrusdal fide Shortridge (1942: 27).
Crocidura flavescens Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827. Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 11: 324. Greater red musk shrew. Synonyms: Sorex; capensis. Type locality: King William’s Town. Additional references: Smith (1849).
Crocidura fuscomurina Heuglin, 1865. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 32: 36. Bicolored musk shrew. Synonyms: bicolor. Additional references: Hutterer (1983).
Crocidura hirta Peters, 1852. Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique: 78. Lesser red musk shrew. Type locality: Tete.
Crocidura mariquensis Smith, 1844. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa: pl. 44, fig. 1. Swamp musk shrew. Synonyms: Sorex. Type locality: near Marico River. Additional references: Dippenaar (1977, 1979); Meester (1964b); Smith (1849). Comments: citation as given in Wilson and Reeder (2005). There is clearly considerable uncertainty surrounding the publication dates of Smith’s Illustrations of South African Zoology (Low and Evenhuis 2014).
Suncus Ehrenberg, 1832. In Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbolae Physicae, seu, Icones et Descriptiones 2: k. Additional references: Jenkins et al. (1998); Meester (1953a); Meester and Lambrechts (1971); Meester and Meyer (1972); Quérouil et al. (2001). Comments: there is disagreement about the authorship and dating of this series of publications. See discussion at www.zoonomen.net/mammtax/cit/jours.html.
Suncus infinitesimus Heller, 1912. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 60(12): 5. Least dwarf shrew.
Suncus lixus Thomas, 1897. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1897: 930. Greater dwarf shrew. Synonyms: Crocidura.
Suncus varilla Thomas, 1895. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 6, 16: 54. Lesser dwarf shrew. Type locality: East London. Additional references: Roberts (1946).

Subfamily: Myosoricinae

Myosorex Gray, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837: 124. Additional references: Matthews and Stynder (2011b); Meester (1953a, 1958); Willows-Munro and Matthee (2009); Quérouil et al. (2001).
Myosorex varius Smuts, 1832. Dissertation Zoologica, Ennumerationem Mammalium Capensium: 108. Forest shrew. Synonyms: Sorex. Type locality: Algoa Bay: Port Elizabeth. Additional references: Roberts (1924); Smith (1849).

ORDER: CHIROPTERA

Suborder: Microchiroptera

FAMILY: RHINOLOPHIDAE

Rhinolophus capensis Lichtenstein, 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin: 4. Cape horseshoe bat. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope.
Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1826. In: Rüppell, Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Afrika Zoologie: 47. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire’s horseshoe bat. Synonyms: geoffroyi.
Rhinolophus darlingi Andersen, 1905. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 15: 70. Darling’s horseshoe bat. Type locality: Mazoe.
Rhinolophus fumigatus Rüppell, 1842. Mus. Senckenbergianum 3(2): 132. Rüppell’s horseshoe bat.
Rhinolophus simulator Andersen, 1904. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Series 7, 14: 384. Bushveld horseshoe bat. Type locality: Mazoe.

FAMILY: NYCTERIDAE

Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818. Description des Mammifères qui se trouvent en Egypte 2: 119. Egyptian slit-faced bat. Additional references: Gray et al. (1999).

FAMILY: MOLOSSIDAE

Subfamily: Molossinae

Tadarida aegyptiaca Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818. Description des Mammifères qui se trouvent en Egypte 2: 128. Egyptian free-tailed bat.

FAMILY: VESPERTILIONIDAE

Subfamily: Vespertilioninae

Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820. Ann. Nature 1: 2. Comments: distribution of material assigned only to genus has been disregarded because it may well belong to Neoromicia as presently understood.
Eptesicus hottentotus Smith, 1833. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 1: 59. Long-tailed serotine. Type locality: Uitenhage. Additional references: Hill and Harrison (1987); Kearney et al. (2002).
Neoromicia capensis Smith, 1829. Zool. J. 4: 435. Cape serotine. Additional references: Riccucci and Lanza (2008).
Scotophilus nigrita Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 1: 171. Giant house bat. Synonyms: dinganii. Additional references: Robbins (1978); Robbins et al. (1985). Comments: volume 1 was published in 1775 (not 1774) according to the version obtained from the University of Heidelberg (http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/schreber1875textbd) and Vespertilio nigrita is listed on p. 190. Plate 58 appears in an undated volume containing plates 1–80 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97331#page/279/mode/1up).

Subfamily: Myotinae

Myotis tricolor Temminck, 1832. In: Smuts, Dissertation Zoologica, Ennumerationem Mammalium Capensium: 106. Temminck’s myotis. Type locality: Cape Town. Additional references: Kearney et al. (2002).

Subfamily: Miniopterinae

Miniopterus Bonaparte, 1837. Iconografia della Fauna Italica 1: fasc. 20. Additional references: Miller-Butterworth et al. (2007).
Miniopterus schreibersii Kuhl, 1817. Die Deutschen Fledermäuse: 14. Schreibers’ long-fingered bat. Additional references: Miller-Butterworth et al. (2005); Smith (1849). Comments: some of the material would perhaps now be assigned to Miniopterus natalensis, which was previously considered to be a subspecies of M. schreibersii.
Kervoula argentata Tomes, 1861. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861: 32. Damara woolly bat. Type locality: Otjoro.

ORDER: PHOLIDOTA

FAMILY: MANIDAE

Subfamily: Smutsiinae

Smutsia Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865: 360. Synonyms: Manis. Additional references: Gaudin et al. (2009).
Smutsia temminckii Smuts, 1832. Dissertation Zoologica, Ennumerationem Mammalium Capensium: 54. Ground pangolin. Synonyms: Manis. Type locality: Latakou = Litakun. Additional references: Gaudin (2010); Gaudin et al. (2009); Gray (1865b); Smith (1849); Sundevall (1842).

ORDER: CARNIVORA

Suborder: Feliformia

FAMILY: FELIDAE

Subfamily: Felinae

Acinonyx jubatus Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 2(14): pl. 105 [1775], also see text 3(22): 392 [1777]. Cheetah. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Krausman and Morales (2005). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/120/mode/1up) and Felis jubata is listed on p. 586. Plate 105 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/107/mode/1up).
Caracal caracal Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(16): pl. 110 [1776], see also text 3(24): 413, 587 [1777]. Caracal. Synonyms: Felis. Type locality: Table Mountain, near Cape Town. Additional references: Roberts (1926); Werdelin and Peigné (2010). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/141/mode/1up) and Felis caracal is listed on p. 587. Plate 110 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/131/mode/1up).
Felis Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 41. Comments: material identified as Felis sp. has not been mapped because, in many cases, this identification included what are currently ascribed to other genera such as Leptailurus and Caracal.
Felis nigripes Burchell, 1824. Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa 2: 592. Black-footed cat. Type locality: implied country of the ‘Bachapins’, presumably in the capital Litákun = Letárkoon. Additional references: Roberts (1926); Renard et al. (2015).
Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(23): 397. Wild cat. Synonyms: libyca. Additional references: Grubb (2004). Comments: volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/125/mode/1up) and Felis catus is listed on p. 587. Plate 107 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/115/mode/1up).
Leptailurus serval Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(16): pl. 108 [1776], see also text 3(23): 407 [1777]. Serval. Synonyms: Felis; spelaeus. Type locality: restricted to the ‘Cape region of South Africa’ Additional references: Werdelin and Peigné (2010). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/135/mode/1up) and Felis serval is listed on p. 587. Plate 107 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/125/mode/1up).

Subfamily: Pantherinae

Panthera leo Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 41. Lion. Additional references: Haas et al. (2005); Lacruz (2009).
Panthera pardus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 41. Leopard

FAMILY: HERPESTIDAE

Atilax paludinosus Cuvier, 1829. Regnum animale in classes IX. Distributum, sive Synopsis Methodica, Nouvelle Édition. 1: 158. Marsh mongoose. Synonyms: Herpestes. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Baker (1992); Cuvier (1824).
Cynictis Ogilby, 1833. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1833: 48.
Cynictis penicillata Cuvier, 1829. Le Règne Animal distribué d’après son Organisation, Nouvelle Édition 1: 158. Yellow mongoose. Synonyms: lepturus; ogilbyii. Type locality: restricted to ‘Uitenhage, CP’. Additional references: Ewer (1956a, 1957a); Lundholm (1954); Roberts (1932); Smith (1849); Taylor and Meester (1993).
Galerella Gray, 1864. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 564. Additional references: Werdelin and Peigné (2010).
Galerella pulverulenta Wagner, 1839. Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 9: 426. Cape grey mongoose. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Cavallini (1992); Lynch (1981).
Galerella sanguinea Rüppell, 1835. Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. 1: 27. Slender mongoose. Synonyms: Herpestes sanguineus; punctulatus. Additional references: Gray (1849); Roberts (1932); Taylor (1975).
Herpestes Illiger, 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammaliam et Avium: 135. Additional references: Hendey (1973a); Werdelin and Peigné (2010). Comments: this genus has not been mapped because material was identified at a time when Galerella, as currently understood, was not recognised as a separate genus.
Herpestes ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 43. Egyptian mongoose. Synonyms: Ichneumon ratlamuchi; Herpestes badius. Additional references: Smith (1838, 1849).
Ichneumia albicauda Cuvier, 1829. Le Règne Animal distribué d’après son Organisation, Nouvelle Édition, 1: 158. White-tailed mongoose. Additional references: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1837); Taylor (1972).
Mungos mungo Gmelin, 1788. In: Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae 1, 13th edition, 1: 84. Banded mongoose. Type locality: believed to be eastern part of South Africa, (former) Cape Province.
Rhynchogale melleri Gray, 1864. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864: 575. Meller’s mongoose.
Suricata suricatta Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen: pl. 117 [1776]. Meerkat. Type locality: restricted to ‘Deelfontein’. Additional references: Van Staaden (1994). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Version of text volume 3 at www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/5/mode/1up is dated 1778, while volume in which the plate appears is undated (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/1/mode/1up).

FAMILY: HYAENIDAE

Subfamily: Hyaeninae

Crocuta crocuta Erxleben, 1777. Systema Regni Animales per Classes 1: 578. Spotted hyaena. Synonyms: spelaea. Additional references: Broom (1939c); Turner (1984).
Hyaena Brisson, 1762. Regnum animale in classes IX. Distributum, sive Synopsis Methodica, 2nd edition: 168. Comments: this material may well be Parahyaena as presently understood.
Parahyaena brunnea Thunberg, 1820. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 8: 59. Brown hyaena. Synonyms: Hyaena. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Grubb (2004); Hendey (1973a); Mills (1982); Werdelin and Peigné (2010).

Subfamily: Protelinae

Proteles cristata Sparrman, 1783. Resa Goda-Hopps-Udden, Soedra Pol-kretsen Och Omkring Jordklotet 1: 581. Aardwolf. Synonyms: cristatus; lalandii. Type locality: listed as ‘Near Little Fish River, Somerset East’.

FAMILY: VIVERRIDAE

Subfamily: Viverrinae

Civettictis civetta Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(16): pl. 111 [1776]; see also text 3(24): 418, 3: index, p. 587 [1777]. African civet. Synonyms: Viverra. Additional references: Ray (1995). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/146/mode/1up) and Viverra civetta is listed on p. 587. Plate 111 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/137/mode/1up).
Genetta Cuvier, 1817. Le Règne Animal distribué d’après son Organisation 1: 156. Additional references: De Meneses Cabral (1966); Gaubert et al. (2005).
Genetta genetta Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 45. Common genet. Additional references: Gaubert et al. (2005); Larivière and Calzada (2001).
Genetta maculata Gray, 1830. Spicil. Zool. 2: 9. Rusty-spotted genet. Additional references: Crawford-Cabral and Fernandes (2001); Gaubert et al. (2003a, 2003b, 2005); Grubb (2004); Koehler and Richardson (1990).
Genetta tigrina Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(17): pl. 114 [1776]; see also text 3(25): 425 [1777]. Cape genet. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Gaubert et al. (2005); Grubb (2004). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/153/mode/1up) and Viverra tigrina is listed on p. 587. Plate 114 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/147/mode/1up).

Suborder: Caniformia

FAMILY: CANIDAE

Subfamily: Caninae

Canis Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 38. Additional references: Werdelin and Peigné (2010).
Canis adustus Sundevall, 1846. Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 3: 121. Side-striped jackal. Type locality: ‘Magaliesberg’.
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 39. Wolf (including domestic dog). Synonyms: familiaris.
Canis mesomelas Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 2(14): pl. 95 [1775], text 3 (21): 370 [1776], 586 [1777]. Black-backed jackal. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/98/mode/1up) and Canis mesomelas is listed on p. 586. Plate 95 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/57/mode/1up).
Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1820. Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 3: 46, pl. 35. African wild dog. Type locality: ‘á la côte de Mosambique’.
Otocyon megalotis Desmarest, 1822. Mammalogie ou descriptions des espèces de mammifères, Part 2 (suppl.): 538. Bat-eared fox. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Clark (2005).
Vulpes chama Smith, 1833. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 89. Cape fox. Type locality: fixed as ‘Port Nolloth’.

FAMILY: MUSTELIDAE

Subfamily: Lutrinae

Aonyx capensis Schinz, 1821. In: Cuvier, Das Thierreich eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere 1: 211. African clawless otter. Synonyms: robustus. Type locality: (former) Cape Province. Additional references: Brink (1987); Dreyer and Lyle (1931); Ewer (1958c); Larivière (2001a).
Hydrictis maculicollis Lichtenstein, 1835. Arch. Naturgesch. 1: 89. Spotted-necked otter. Synonyms: Lutra. Type locality: ‘Kafferlandes am östlichen Abhange der Bambusberge’.

Subfamily: Mustelinae

Ictonyx Kaup, 1835. Das Thierreich in seinen Hauptformen 1: 352. Type locality: fixed as ‘Cape of Good Hope’.
Ictonyx striatus Perry, 1811. Arcana, or, the Museum of Natural History: Containing the Most Recent Discovered Objects, Signature Y: Fig. 41 [1810]. Striped polecat. Type locality: fixed as ‘Cape of Good Hope’. Additional references: Larivière (2002); Roberts (1932).
Mellivora capensis Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 3(18): pl. 125 [1776], see also text 3(26): 450 [1777]. Honey badger. Synonyms: sivalensis. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: O’Regan et al. (2013). Comments: citation according to Wilson and Reeder (2005). Volume 3 was published in 1778 according to the version reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135003#page/178/mode/1up) and Viverra capensis is listed on p. 588. Plate 125 appears in an undated volume containing plates 81–165 (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97341#page/191/mode/1up).

ORDER: PERISSODACTYLA

FAMILY: EQUIDAE

Equus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 73. Additional references: Brink (1994); Eisenmann and Baylac (2000); Thackeray (2010); Wells (1959a).
Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 73. Ass (including donkey).
Equus burchellii Gray, 1824. Zool. J. 1: 247. Burchell’s zebra. Synonyms: lylei; platyconus; simplicissimus. Type locality: now identified as Little Klibbolikhonni Fontein. Additional references: Churcher (1970); Churcher and Watson (1993); Grubb (1981); Mendrez (1966); Reynolds and Bishop (2006); Van Hoepen (1930a).
Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 73. Horse (domestic horse).
†Equus capensis Broom, 1909. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 7: 281. Synonyms: Kolpohippus; cawoodi; fowleri?; gigas?; harrisi; helmei; kuhni; plicatus; poweri; zietsmani. Type locality: Ysterplaat.
†Equus quagga Boddaert, 1785. Elenchus Animalium 1: 160. Quagga. Type locality: locality of paralectotype now identified as Seekoei River. Additional references: Bernor et al. (2010); Churcher (1970); Eisenmann and Brink (2000); Haughton (1932a); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1999); Lundholm (1951). Comments: the version of this book reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89677#page/7/mode/1up) is dated 1784.
Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 74. Mountain zebra. Synonyms: Hippotigris. Type locality: since restricted to Perdekop. Additional references: Bernor et al. (2010); Fraas (1907); Hooijer (1945); Lundholm (1952); Penzhorn (1988).

FAMILY: RHINOCEROTIDAE

Subfamily: Rhinocerotinae

Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817–1819: 97. White rhinoceros. Synonyms: Diceros; Rhinoceros; simus. Type locality: since identified as Chue Spring = Heuningvlei. Additional references: Geraads (2010a); Gray (1867); Groves (1972); Hooijer (1959, 1973); Hooijer and Singer (1960); Smith (1849).
Diceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 56. Black rhinoceros. Synonyms: Opsiceros simplicidens. Type locality: now identified as Cape of Good Hope. Additional references: Gray (1867); Hillman-Smith and Groves (1994); Hooijer (1959, 1973); Hooijer and Singer (1960); Scott (1907).

ORDER: ARTIODACTYLA

FAMILY: SUIDAE

Subfamily: Suinae

Phacochoerus Cuvier, 1826. Dict. Sci. Nat. 39: 383. Comments: the Holocene material is likely to be P. africanus since this is the only species currently recognised in the sub-region.
Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin, 1788. Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae, 13th edition, 1: 220. Common warthog. Synonyms: aethiopicus; dreyeri?; helmei; laticolumnatus; venteri. Additional references: Cooke (1949b); Ewer (1956b, 1957b); Grubb and d’Huart (2010); Pia (1930).
Potamochoerus larvatus Cuvier, 1822. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 447. Bush-pig. Synonyms: Koiropotamus; porcus. Additional references: Grubb (2004); Hopwood (1934).
Sus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 49. Comments: it is most likely that this material should be assigned to Sus scrofa, given that this is the only currently accepted species of Sus in southern Africa.
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 49. Wild boar (including domestic pig).

FAMILY: HIPPOPOTAMIDAE

Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 74. Common hippopotamus. Synonyms: capensis; poderosus. Additional references: Fraas (1907); Hooijer and Singer (1961); Scott (1907); Smith (1849).

FAMILY: GIRAFFIDAE

Subfamily: Giraffinae

Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 66. Giraffe. Additional references: Dagg (1971); Harris et al. (2010); Singer and Boné (1960).

FAMILY: BOVIDAE

Subfamily: Aepycerotinae

Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein, 1812. Reisen im südlichen Africa in en Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 2: pl. 4 opp. p. 544. Impala. Type locality: now identified as Khosis. Additional references: Reynolds (2010a).

Subfamily: Alcelaphinae

Alcelaphus De Blainville, 1816. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1816: 75.
Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 7. Hartebeest.
Alcelaphus caama Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803. Catalogue des Mammifères du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle: 269. Red hartebeest. Synonyms: Antilope; Bubalus; bubalis; buselaphus caama. Type locality: since restricted to syntype locality Steynsburg. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Grubb (2004); Hoffman (1953); Smith (1849).
Connochaetes Lichtenstein, 1812. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 6: 142. Synonyms: Gorgon.
Connochaetes gnou Zimmermann, 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere 2: 102. Black wildebeest. Synonyms: laticornutus. Type locality: since selected as Agterbruintjieshoogte. Additional references: Brink (1993, 2005); Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Von Richter (1974). Comments: Gentry (2010) proposes that Connochaetes laticornutus should be retained as a distinct species.
Connochaetes taurinus Burchell, 1824. Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa 2: 278 (footnote). Blue wildebeest. Synonyms: Catoblepas. Type locality: apparently ‘Kosi Fountain’, but lectotype came from ‘Chue Spring, Maadji Mtn [Klein Heuningvlei]’. Additional references: Smith (1849).
Damaliscus Sclater and Thomas, 1894. The Book of Antelopes 1: 51. Additional references: Fraas (1907).
Damaliscus lunatus Burchell, 1824. Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa 2: 334. Common tsessebe. Synonyms: Acronotus; Bubalus. Type locality: ‘Makkwarin’ (Matlhwareng) River. Additional references: Cotterill (2003); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Groves and Grubb (2011); Smith (1849).
Damaliscus pygargus Pallas, 1767. Spicil. Zool. 1: 10. Bontebok. Synonyms: albifrons; dorcas phillipsi; dorcas dorcas; ‘hipkini’. Type locality: since restricted to Swart River. Additional references: Faith et al. (2012); Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Groves and Grubb (2011); Grubb (2004); Vrba (1997). Comments: according to Vrba (1997), Wells intended to name Damaliscus ‘hipkini’, but never did. Groves and Grubb (2011) propose that Damaliscus phillipsi (blesbok) be a full species separate from D. pygargus (bontebok).

Subfamily: Antilopinae

†Antidorcas australis Hendey and Hendey, 1968. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 52(2): 56. Synonyms: Marsupialis australis. Type locality: Swartklp. Additional references: Gentry (2010); Peters and Brink (1992); Vrba (1973).
†Antidorcas bondi Cooke and Wells, 1951. S. Afr. J. Sci. 47: 207. Synonyms: Gazella. Type locality: Chelmer. Additional references: Gentry (2010); Plug and Peters (1991); Vrba (1973).
Antidorcas marsupialis Zimmermann, 1780. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere 2: 427. Springbok. Type locality: since restricted to ‘Cape Colony [Cape Province]’ References: Cain et al. (2004); Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Plug and Peters (1991); Vrba (1970).
Madoqua Ogilby, 1836. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1836: 137.
Neotragus moschatus Von Dueben, 1846. In: Sundevall, Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 3(7): 221. Suni. Synonyms: Nesotragus. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b).
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann, 1783. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere 3: 269. Klipspringer. Synonyms: Palaeotragiscus longiceps; major. Type locality: now known to be False Bay. Additional references: Broom (1934); Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Watson and Plug (1995); Wells (1951).
Ourebia ourebi Zimmermann, 1783. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere 3: 268. Oribi. Type locality: since restricted to Bruintjieshoogte. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b).
Raphicerus Smith, 1827. In: Griffith et al., The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier with Additional Descriptions 5: 342. Additional references: Klein (1976c).
Raphicerus campestris Thunberg, 1811. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 3: 313. Steenbok. Type locality: since selected as Malmesbury District. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b).
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg, 1811. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg 3: 312. Cape grysbok. Type locality: since selected as Cape Peninsula. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b).
Raphicerus sharpei Thomas, 1896. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896: 795, pl. 34. Sharpe’s grysbok. Synonyms: melanotis sharpei.

Subfamily: Bovinae

Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 71. Aurochs (including domestic cattle). Additional references: Horsburgh et al. (2016).
Syncerus Hodgson, 1847. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Series 2, 16: 709. Synonyms: Bos; Bubalis; Pelorovis. Additional references: Martínez-Navarro et al. (2007).
Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 40: 79. African buffalo. Synonyms: Bubalis; andersoni. Type locality: now restricted to Sundays River. Additional references: Geraads (1992); Scott (1907).
Taurotragus Wagner, 1855. In: Schreber, Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen 5: 438. Comments: given that this genus is monospecific, it is to be assumed that this material should be assigned to T. oryx.
Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 9. Common eland. Synonyms: Antilope; Boselaphus; Tragelaphus; oreas. Type locality: restricted to near Cape Town. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Pappas (2002); Smith (1849); Willows-Munro et al. (2005).
Tragelaphus angasii Angas, 1848. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848: 89. Nyala. Type locality: ‘Hills that border: upon the northern shores of St Lucia Bay’. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Grubb (2004); Willows-Munro et al. (2005).
Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 8. Bushbuck. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Willows-Munro et al. (2005).
Tragelaphus spekeii Speke, 1863. Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile: 223 (footnote). Sitatunga. Additional references: Grubb (2004); Willows-Munro et al. (2005).
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 9. Greater kudu. Synonyms: Damalis; Strepsiceros; capensis. Type locality: restricted to eastern part of Western Cape Province. Additional references: Smith (1849); Willows-Munro et al. (2005).

Subfamily: Caprinae

Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 68. Goat. Additional references: Badenhorst and Plug (2003); Horsburgh et al. (2016).
Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 70. Red sheep (including domestic sheep). Additional references: Horsburgh and Rhines (2010); Horsburgh et al. (2016).

Subfamily: Cephalophinae

Cephalophus Smith, 1827. In: Griffith et al., The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier 5: 344. Comments: material only identified to genus level has not been mapped because this could include specimens assignable to Philantomba as currently understood
Cephalophus natalensis Smith, 1834. S. Afr. Quart. J., Series 2, 2: 217. Red duiker. Type locality: ‘Port Natal’ = Durban. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Smith (1849).
Philantomba monticola Thunberg, 1789. Resa uti Europa Africa, Asia, forrattad aren 1770–1779 2: 66. Blue duiker. Synonyms: Cephalophus; bicolor; caeruleus. Type locality: since identified as Langkloof. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b, 1862a, 1862b); Jansen van Vuuren (1999).
Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 70. Bush duiker. Type locality: now known to be Cape Town. Additional references: Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b).

Subfamily: Hippotraginae

Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845. Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Förhand. 1845: 31. Additional references: Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003); Grubb (2004).
Hippotragus equinus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803. Catalogue des Mammifères du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle: 259. Roan antelope. Synonyms: Aigoceros; Antilope; osanne. Type locality: now thought to be Plettenberg Bay. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Grubb (2004); Smith (1849).
†Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766. P.S. Pallas Medecinae Doctoris Miscellanea Zoologica: 4. Blaaubok, blue antelope. Synonyms: problematicus. Type locality: since restricted to Swellendam District. Additional references: Broom (1949b); Cooke (1947); Gentry (2010); Klein (1974a).
Hippotragus niger Harris, 1838. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1838: 2. Sable antelope. Synonyms: harrisi. Type locality: since specified as Magaliesberg near Krugersdorp and Rustenburg. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b); Harris (1838a).
Oryx gazella Linnaeus, 1758. Systema Naturae Regnum Animale, 10th edition, 1: 69. Gemsbok. Type locality: understood to be South Africa. Additional references: Gray (1850a, 1850b).

Subfamily: Reduncinae

Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby, 1833. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1833: 47. Waterbuck. Synonyms: Aigoceros. Type locality: since restricted to Gaborone. Additional references: Birungi and Arctander (2001); Gray (1850a, 1850b); Smith (1849).
Kobus leche Gray, 1850. Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsley Hall 2: 23. Lechwe. Synonyms: Onotragus; venterae. Type locality: since identified as Botletle River, near Lake Ngami. Additional references: Birungi and Arctander (2001).
Pelea capreolus Forster, 1790. Le Vaillant’s Reise in das Innere von Afrika 1: 71. Vaal rhebok. Type locality: now specified as Houhoek Pass. Additional references: Birungi and Arctander (2001); Gray (1850a, 1850b).
Redunca Smith, 1827. In: Griffith et al., The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier 5: 337
Redunca arundinum Boddaert, 1785. Elenchus Animalium 1: 141. Southern reedbuck. Type locality: since selected as Bethulie. Additional references: Gentry (2010); Gray (1850a, 1850b). Comments: the version of this book reproduced in the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89677#page/7/mode/1up) is dated 1784.
Redunca fulvorufula Afzelius, 1815. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala 7: 250. Mountain reedbuck. Synonyms: Cervicapra. Type locality: restricted to eastern North Cape Province.

6.2 Holocene Sites

So far, records for the Holocene have come from 414 sites (Figure 6.1). These cover much of the region but, as during the Pleistocene, show a gap in what are today arid, sparsely occupied parts of the region. Possible reasons for this gap in the record were mentioned with respect to the Pleistocene and may well apply also to the Holocene. In the Holocene, however, since all material comes from human occupation sites the existence of suitable sites for this purpose must have taken precedence, with bone preservation and attention by archaeologists being secondary explanations. Indeed, variation in the numbers of mammalian taxa represented suggests that this is the case.

Figure 6.1 Location of Holocene sites.

• /hei-/khomas. See Vaalhoek.

• 2229AD5 (2228:2925). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus equinus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus saxatilis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Pronolagus randensis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (2000).

• 2329CD (2329CD). Taxa: Bos taurus; Equus burchellii; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Procavia capensis. References: Loubser (1994).

• Aar I and II (2643:1631). Taxa: Equus zebra cf.; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Petromus typicus cf.; Procavia. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983); Thackeray (1979).

• Abbot’s Cave (3127:2439). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Antidorcas bondi; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes gnou; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Crocidura cyanea cf.; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Desmodillus auricularis; Equus quagga; Equus zebra cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Homo sapiens; Ichneumia albicauda; Ictonyx striatus; Lycaon pictus; Macroscelides proboscideus; Malacothrix typica; Micaelamys namaquensis; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1991a); Plug (1993a, 1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996); Voigt et al. (1995).

• Adullam (2828CB). Taxa: Canis; Equus burchellii cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis. References: Wadley and Laue (2000).

• Amis (2110:1430). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Crocidura; Crocuta crocuta; Elephantulus; Equus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Petromus typicus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus randensis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Suricata suricatta. References: Van Neer and Breunig (1999).

• Andriesgrond (3218BB). Taxa: Acomys subspinosus; Chlorotalpa sclateri; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Crocidura fuscomurina; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Dendromus mesomelas; Elephantulus edwardii; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus ocularis; Homo sapiens; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Nycteris thebaica; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Steatomys krebsii. References: Avery (unpublished); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Andrieskraal (3325DA). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Diceros bicornis; Equus asinus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta genetta; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: De Villiers (1965); Hendey and Singer (1965).

• Apollo 11 (2745:1706). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Equus zebra; Felis silvestris; Lepus; Micaelamys namaquensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Petromus typicus cf.; Phacochoerus; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983); Thackeray (1979); Vogelsang et al. (2010); Wadley (2015).

• Aspoort (3230:1931). Taxa: Cryptomys hottentotus; Equus zebra cf.; Gerbillurus paeba; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Procavia capensis. References: Smith and Ripp (1978).

• Atlantic Beach (3318). Taxa: Alcelaphus; Atilax paludinosus; Bathyergus suillus; Genetta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Sealy et al. (2004).

• Austerlitz (2817:1915). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Equus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Baden-Baden (2821:2530). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus africanus. References: Van Aardt et al. (2016).

• Badfontein Valley (2520:3020). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Collett (1982).

• Bambata (2030:2830). Taxa: Bos taurus?. References: Walker (1983).

• Biesje Poort 2 (2826:2033). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Connochaetes gnou; Cynictis penicillata; Equus quagga; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Saccostomus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Xerus inauris. References: Badenhorst et al. (2015).

• Big Elephant Shelter (2142:1540). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Caracal caracal cf.; Felis silvestris cf.; Equus; Genetta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris cf. References: Wadley (1979).

• Blaauheuvel (2925AC). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Wells and Gear (1931).

• Blinkklipkop (2818:2307). Taxa: Canis mesomelas cf.; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura fuscomurina; Crocidura hirta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Desmodillus auricularis; Elephantulus rupestris cf.; Eptesicus hottentotus; Equus; Gerbilliscus; Gerbillurus paeba; Hyaena; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Macroscelides proboscideus; Malacothrix typica; Mastomys natalensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mus minutoides; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Otomys irroratus; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Saccostomus campestris; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Zelotomys woosnami. References: Avery (1981); Humphreys and Thackeray (1983); Thackeray et al. (1983).

• Blombos Cave (3425:2113). Taxa: Canis mesomelas cf.; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura fuscomurina; Crocidura hirta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Desmodillus auricularis; Elephantulus rupestris cf.; Eptesicus hottentotus; Equus; Gerbilliscus; Gerbillurus paeba; Hyaena; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Macroscelides proboscideus; Malacothrix typica; Mastomys natalensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mus minutoides; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Otomys irroratus; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Saccostomus campestris; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Zelotomys woosnami. References: Badenhorst et al. (2016a); Discamps and Henshilwood (2015); Henshilwood (1995, 1996); Henshilwood et al. (2001); Hillestad Nel and Henshilwood (2016); Wadley (2015).

• Bloubergstrand (3348:1828). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Orton et al. (2015); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Bloubos (3105:2450). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Damaliscus pygargus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996); Voigt et al. (1995).

• Blue Pool Cave (2724). Taxa: Equus burchellii; Syncerus caffer?. References: Humphreys (1978).

• Blydefontein (3108:2513). Taxa: Cynictis penicillata; Equus; Felis silvestris; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (unpublished); Horsburgh and Moreno-Mayar (2015); Klein (1979a).

• Boitsemangano (2527CA). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus quagga; Homo sapiens; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug and Badenhorst (2006).

• Bokbaai (3334:1820). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Bokvasmaak 3 (2826:2007). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis lupus; Felis nigripes; Felis silvestris; Hippopotamus amphibius; Lepus capensis; Oryx gazella; Ovis aries; Petromus typicus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Vulpes chama; Xerus inauris. References: Badenhorst et al. (2015).

• Bolahla (3004:2824). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Mitchell et al. (1994); Plug (1997b).

• Boleu (2529AB). Taxa: Bos taurus; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Homo sapiens; Myotomys sloggetti; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Badenhorst and Plug (2004/2005).

• Bonawe (3120:2746). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas cf.; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Equus quagga cf.; Equus zebra cf.; Hippotragus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Opperman (1987).

• Boomplaas Cave (3323:2211). Taxa: Acomys subspinosus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Caracal caracal cf.; Chlorotalpa sclateri; Cistugo lesueuri; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus melanotis; Diceros bicornis; Elephantulus; Equus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis cf.; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Saccostomus campestris; Steatomys krebsii; Syncerus antiquus; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Avery (1977, 1982b); Brophy et al. (2014); Faith (2013); Klein (1978a, 1994b); Von den Driesch and Deacon (1985); Wadley (2015).

• Border Cave (2701:3159). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Amblysomus hottentotus; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Crocidura fuscomurina; Crocidura hirta; Crocidura mariquensis; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Dendromus mesomelas cf.; Dendromus mystacalis; Elephantulus myurus; Equus burchellii cf.; Gerbilliscus leucogaster cf.; Glauconycteris variegata; Grammomys dolichurus; Graphiurus murinus; Lemniscomys rosalia; Lepus; Malacothrix typica; Mastomys natalensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Nycteris thebaica; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys angoniensis; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus clivosus; Rhinolophus darlingi; Saccostomus campestris; Scotophilus nigrita; Steatomys pratensis; Suncus infinitesimus; Suncus lixus; Suncus varilla; Syncerus caffer?; Thallomys paedulcus. References: Avery (1982a, 1991b, 1992a); Cooke et al. (1945); De Villiers (1974, 1976a); Klein (1977); Rightmire (1979b); Wadley (2015).

• Borrow Pit Midden (3219:1819). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Felis silvestris; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Jerardino et al. (2009a).

• Bosutswe (2157:2637). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Atelerix frontalis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Ceratotherium simum cf.; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Cryptomys cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Diceros bicornis cf.; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Galago senegalensis; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Homo sapiens; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Kobus leche cf.; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Lycaon pictus; Malacothrix typica; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Oryx gazella; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus sharpei; Rattus rattus; Redunca arundinum; Smutsia temminckii; Sus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus spekeii; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Xerus inauris. References: Denbow et al. (2008); Plug (1996b).

• Boundary Shelter (3130:2435). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes gnou; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga; Equus zebra cf.; Hippotragus equinus cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996); Voigt et al. (1995).

• Bremen (2517CB). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Caracal caracal; Equus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Broederstroom 24/73 (2545:2750). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Cryptomys; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Hippotragus; Loxodonta africana; Mastomys natalensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Rattus rattus; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Brown (1981); Welbourne (1973).

• Buffelshoek (2747:2222). Taxa: Bos taurus; Bunolagus monticularis cf.; Canis mesomelas cf.; Caracal caracal cf.; Diceros bicornis; Equus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis cf.; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Klein (1978d); Loubser (1985).

• Burchell’s Shelter (2848:2343). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas cf.; Connochaetes gnou; Equus quagga cf.; Hippotragus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Humphreys (1975); Klein (1979a).

• Bushman Rockshelter (3038:2435). Taxa: Acinonyx jubatus cf.; Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus cf.; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Xerus. References: Badenhorst and Plug (2012); Brain (1969, 1981); Dusseldorp et al. (2013); Plug (1981); Wadley (2015).

• Buzz Shelter (3131:1836). Other names: VR005. Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus cf.; Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Desmodillus auricularis; Felis silvestris; Gerbillurus paeba; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Macroscelides proboscideus; Micaelamys namaquensis; Myotomys unisulcatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus clivosus. References: Avery (unpublished); Orton et al. (2011).

• Byneskranskop (3435:1928). Taxa: Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Diceros bicornis; Equus quagga cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus leucophaeus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea cf.; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Avery (1977, 1982b); De Villiers and Wilson (1982); Klein (1981, 1982).

• CaeCae (1947:2104). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus cf.; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Otocyon megalotis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Wilmsen (1989).

• Cape Point (3418AD). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Cape St Francis (3424DB). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: De Villiers (1974).

• Cape Town (3356:1825). Taxa: Rattus norvegicus. References: Avery (1985).

• Chamabvefva (3005:2013). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Huffman (1979b).

• Chibuene (2202:3519). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Homo sapiens; Neotragus moschatus; Ovis aries; Philantomba monticola. References: Badenhorst et al. (2011c).

• Chivowa Hill (2010:3030). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Procavia capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus cf. References: Sinclair (1991); Welbourne (1985).

• Clanwilliam (3211:1853). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Clarke’s Shelter (2901:2918). Taxa: Canis; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cryptomys hottentotus; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus cf.; Otomys laminatus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Rhabdomys pumilio. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1984b).

• Collingham (2927:2935). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Amblysomus hottentotus cf.; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Cephalophus natalensis cf.; Chrysospalax villosus; Connochaetes gnou; Crocidura cyanea cf.; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus melanotis; Dendromus mesomelas; Felis silvestris; Georychus capensis; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus cf.; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1991b, 1992b); Mazel (1992); Plug (1992, 1997b).

• Colwinton (3107:2744). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga cf.; Equus zebra cf.; Felis silvestris; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Myotomys sloggetti; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Opperman (1982, 1987); Plug (1997b).

• Commando Kop (2208:2910). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Syncerus caffer; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug (2000); Plug and Voigt (1985); Voigt (1980b); Voigt and Plug (1981).

• Connies Limpet Bar (3219:1820). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Lepus; Myotomys unisulcatus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Rhabdomys pumilio; Taurotragus oryx. References: Jerardino et al. (2009b); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987).

• Copper Queen Mine (1731:2919). Taxa: Homo sapiens; Hystrix cf.; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia cf. References: DeSilva et al. (2013); Swan (2002).

• Darling (3323:1823). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Deelpan (2911:2545). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus burchellii; Galerella pulverulenta; Galerella sanguinea; Lycaon pictus; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Brink (2005); Scott and Brink (1992); Scott and Klein (1981).

• Deurspring 16 (3218AB). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Lepus capensis; Papio ursinus; Diceros bicornis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Vulpes chama. References: Jerardino et al. (2016).

• Diamant (2345:2815). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Raphicerus campestris; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (2000).

• Diamond 1 (2829:2856). Taxa: Caracal caracal; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus mesomelas; Equus quagga cf.; Graphiurus murinus cf.; Otomys irroratus cf.; Otomys laminatus; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Rhabdomys pumilio. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1984b).

• Diana’s Vow (1835:3210). Taxa: Canis; Heterohyrax brucei; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ourebia ourebi; Papio ursinus cf.; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Klein (1979b).

• Die Kelders (3432:1922). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Atilax paludinosus; Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus?; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chrysochloris asiatica; Crocidura flavescens; Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus melanotis; Diceros bicornis; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Gerbilliscus afra; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus leucophaeus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Leptailurus serval; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Myotis tricolor; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus scriptus; Vulpes chama. References: Armstrong (2016); Avery (1977, 1979); Avery et al. (1997); Brophy et al. (2014); Grine et al. (1991); Klein (1975b); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (2000); Marean et al. (2000); Rightmire (1979a); Schweitzer (1974, 1979); Schweitzer and Scott (1973); Wadley (2015).

• Die Toon (2819:1717). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Equus burchellii cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris cf. References: Webley et al. (1993).

• Diepkloof (3223:1827). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Klein and Steele (2008); Steele and Klein (2013); Wadley (2015).

• Dikbosch 1 (2839:2354). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas?; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata; Desmodillus auricularis?; Equus quagga; Gerbilliscus; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus ocularis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Mastomys coucha; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae cf.; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Redunca fulvorufula?; Steatomys; Suncus varilla; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Avery and Avery (2011); Humphreys (1974); Humphreys and Thackeray (1983); Klein (1979a).

• Divuyu (1845:2144). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Connochaetes; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Gerbilliscus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Kobus leche; Lepus; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus. References: Denbow (2011); G. Turner (1987a).

• Doonside (3004:3052). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Galloway (1936).

• Doornfontein (2812:2302). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocidura; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus; Elephantulus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Gerbilliscus leucogaster; Gerbillurus paeba; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Micaelamys namaquensis?; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Otocyon megalotis; Otomys irroratus; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Saccostomus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Vulpes chama. References: Beaumont and Boshier (1974); Klein (1979a); Thackeray et al. (1983).

• Doringbaai (3149:1814). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• DP2004-014 (2936:1703). Taxa: Felis silvestris; Oryx gazella; Parotomys brantsii; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Dewar (2007).

• Drie Susters (3306:1800). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Diceros bicornis; Equus; Lepus capensis; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Smith et al. (1991).

• Driebos (3306:1903). Taxa: Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Smith et al. (1991).

• Driekoppen (3105:2440). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus zebra cf.; Ictonyx striatus; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Suricata suricatta. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• Driel Shelter (2844:2917). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Felis silvestris; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Taurotragus oryx. References: Klein (1980); Meester (1980).

• Drotsky’s Cave (2002:2125). Taxa: Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Gerbilliscus leucogaster cf.; Gerbillurus paeba; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Steatomys; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Robbins et al. (1996); Yellen et al. (1987).

• Duiker Eiland (3405:1832). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Chlorotalpa sclateri; Crocidura flavescens; Felis silvestris; Georychus capensis; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus cf.; Raphicerus sp.; Rhabdomys pumilio; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Robertshaw (1979).

• Duinefontein (3343:1827). Taxa: Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Gerbilliscus leucogaster cf.; Gerbillurus paeba; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Steatomys; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Brophy et al. (2014); Cruz-Uribe et al. (2003); Klein (1976b); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1991); Klein et al. (1999a); Robbins et al. (1996); Yellen et al. (1987).

• Durban Country Club (2950:3102). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Galloway (1936).

• Dzata (2250:3015). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Hippotragus; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Procavia capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus angasii. References: De Wet-Bronner (1995a); Plug (2000).

• Dzombo Shelter (2229BA). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Forssman (2014).

• Eiland Salt Works (2330:3025). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus niger; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus saxatilis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1999a).

• Elands Bay Cave (3218:1820). Taxa: Acomys subspinosus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Atelerix frontalis; Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chrysochloris asiatica; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptochloris zyli; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Diceros bicornis; Elephantulus edwardii; Elephantulus rupestris; Eremitalpa granti; Equus capensis; Equus quagga; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Georychus capensis; Graphiurus ocularis; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus leucophaeus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Micaelamys namquensis; Mus minutoides; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca arundinum; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (unpublished); Dusseldorp et al. (2013); Jerardino et al. (2013); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987); Klein et al. (2007); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Elands Bay Open (3218:1819). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Jerardino et al. (2013); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987).

• Equus Cave (2737:2438). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Felis nigripes; Felis silvestris; Herpestes ichneumon; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Orycteropus afer; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Vulpes chama. References: Brophy et al. (2014); Cruz-Uribe (1991); Grine and Klein (1985); Klein et al. (1991); Kuhn et al. (2016); McKee (1994); McKee et al. (1995).

• Esikhunjini (2529BD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus cf.; Bos taurus; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Equus; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Orycteropus afer cf.; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum cf.; Taurotragus oryx cf.; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Nelson (2008, 2009).

• eSinhlonhweni (2851:3010). Taxa: Amblysomus hottentotus; Canis; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Hippotragus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Mastomys natalensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1986b).

• Etemba (2127:1537). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Caracal caracal; Equus; Homo sapiens; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Fackelträger (2134:1532). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Diceros bicornis; Petromus; Procavia; Raphicerus campestris. References: Brain (1981); Thackeray (1979).

• Fairview (3232:2634). Taxa: Amblysomus hottentotus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Chlorocebus aethiops; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus mesomelas; Equus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Georychus capensis; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippotragus equinus cf.; Hippotragus leucophaeus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lycaon pictus; Myosorex varius; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thallomys paedulcus; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1984a); Klein (1984b).

• Faraoskop Rock Shelter (3207:1836). Taxa: Atelerix frontalis; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Phacochoerus africanus?; Procavia capensis. References: Manhire (1993); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Ficus Cave (2429). Taxa: Canis lupus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Homo sapiens; Orycteropus afer; Procavia capensis. References: Partridge (1966).

• Forest Hall (3354:2220). Taxa: Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf. References: Wilson (1988).

• Geduld (2017:1550). Taxa: Alcelaphus; Equus; Genetta; Gerbilliscus; Madoqua; Ovis aries; Rhabdomys; Saccostomus; Steatomys; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thallomys. References: Smith and Jacobson (1995); Smith et al. (1995).

• Gehle (2907:2954). Taxa: Canis mesomelas cf.; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Chrysospalax villosus; Cryptomys hottentotus; Felis silvestris; Georychus capensis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Myosorex; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys irroratus cf.; Ourebia ourebi; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Smutsia temminckii. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1984a).

• Ghoenkop. See Hill X.

• Girls’ School (2114). Taxa: Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Gladysvale (2553:2746). Other names: Uitkomst. Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus equinus; Redunca arundinum. References: Avery (1995a); Berger (1992, 1993); Broom (1937a, 1948a); Churcher (1956); Cooke (1962); Freedman (1970); Lacruz et al. (2002, 2003); Meester (1961a); Reynolds (2010b).

• Glen Elliott (3025DC). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus?; Equus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Taurotragus oryx. References: Klein (1979a).

• Glennel (2229). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: De Villiers (1980); Steyn and Nienaber (2000).

• Glentyre (3401:2240). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama; Equus; Galerella pulverulenta?; Genetta?; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus leucophaeus?; Panthera pardus?; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx?. References: Fagan (1960); Wells (1960).

• Godwan River (2535:3038). Taxa: Pronolagus intermedius. References: Jameson (1909).

• Goedgekloof Middens (3424). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus cf.; Canis; Damaliscus; Diceros bicornis; Equus; Felis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Lepus; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Binneman (2004/2005).

• Gokomere Tunnel (2005:2835). Taxa: Bos taurus; Homo sapiens. References: Shee (1963).

• Good Hope Shelter (2939:2926). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis cf.; Redunca fulvorufula; Taurotragus oryx. References: Cable et al. (1980).

• Gordons Bay (3409:1852). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama; Atilax paludinosus; Canis; Cryptomys hottentotus; Georychus capensis cf.; Gerbilliscus; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Homo sapiens; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio; Pelea capreolus?; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Vulpes chama?. References: Pfeiffer (2013); Van Noten (1974).

• Grassridge (3134:2651). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Damaliscus dorcas; Equus; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Lepus capensis; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus crassicaudatus; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Collins et al. (2017); Opperman (1987).

• Great Zimbabwe (2016:3056). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Felis silvestris cf.; Homo sapiens; Lepus; Panthera pardus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Brain (1974).

• Green Point Cape Town (3354:1824). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Groenriviermond (3030:1721). Taxa: Homo sapiens; Parotomys. References: Jerardino et al. (1992).

• Groot Kommandokloof Shelter (3340:2407). Taxa: Equus zebra cf.; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Binneman (1999); Pearce (2008).

• Grootrif G (3210:1819). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Jerardino (2007).

• Gwenzi II Hill (1914:3231). Taxa: Equus burchellii; Lepus saxatilis; Orycteropus afer; Rattus cf.; Smutsia temminckii; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Katsamudanga (2007a, 2007b); Mupira and Katsamudanga (2007).

• Ha Makotoko (2920:2748). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Taurotragus oryx; Xerus. References: Plug (1997b).

• Haalenberg (2640:1532). Taxa: Equus; Felis silvestris cf.; Gerbillurus paeba cf.; Myotomys unisulcatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Petromus typicus; Petromyscus collinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Thackeray (1979).

• Haaskraal (3130:2420). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes gnou; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus asinus; Equus quagga; Felis silvestris; Galerella; Ichneumia albicauda; Ictonyx striatus; Lycaon pictus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Suricata suricatta; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Plug (1999b); Plug et al. (1994); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• Hailstone Midden (3218:1820). Taxa: Galerella pulverulenta; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987); Noli (1988).

• Hamilton (2229AD). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Boshoff and Steyn (2000).

• Hapi Pan (2225:3120). Taxa: Equus burchellii; Hippopotamus amphibius; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (2000).

• Happy Rest (2303:2947). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Lepus; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Phacochoerus africanus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Steyn and Nienaber (2000); Voigt and Plug (1984).

• Harleigh Farm (1832CA). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Equus burchellii; Heterohyrax brucei; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus. References: Fagan (1966).

• Harmony Salt Factory (2411:3036). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Equus burchellii cf.; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Redunca arundinum cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Chatterton et al. (1979); Welbourne (1974, 1979).

• Heuningneskrans (2436:3039). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus; Antidorcas bondi; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis; Equus burchellii; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Klein (1984a).

• Highlands Rock Shelter (3149:2534). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Atelerix frontalis; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Equus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris cf.; Proteles cristata?; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Redunca fulvorufula; Vulpes chama. References: Deacon (1976).

• Hill X (2355:3105). Other names: Ghoenkop. Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus lunatus; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera leo; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Historic Cave (2429AA). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Equus quagga; Galago; Giraffa camelopardalis; Lepus capensis; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus; Redunca arundinum; Syncerus caffer. References: Le Roux et al. (2013).

• Hlamba Mlonga Hill (1829DD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus cf.; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius cf.; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries cf.; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Thorp (2009).

• Hoekfontein (2536:2756). Taxa: Bos taurus; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Van Schalkwyk et al. (1999).

• Honingklip I and V (2601:3048). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus cf.; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes taurinus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger cf.; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Korsman and Plug (1994).

• Hope Hill Shelter (2624:2856). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus cf.; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Crocidura; Crocuta crocuta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus lunatus; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus; Gerbillurus paeba; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Mastomys natalensis; Mus musculus; Orycteropus afer; Oryx gazella cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus cf.; Vulpes chama. References: Wadley and Turner (1987).

• Hout Bay (3403:1821). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Icon (2225:2915). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Lepus; Ovis aries cf.; Phacochoerus africanus; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (2000); Voigt (1979, 1980b).

• Induna Cave (1829DD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus cf.; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris cf.; Giraffa camelopardalis; Orycteropus afer; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis cf.; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia cf. References: Thorp (2010).

• iNkolomahashi (2848:3011). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Damaliscus pygargus; Genetta tigrina; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Badenhorst (2003).

• Jagt Pan 7 (3030:2130). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas cf.; Cynictis cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Procavia capensis cf.; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Badenhorst et al. (2015).

• Jakkalsberg (2810:1653). Taxa: Equus capensis; Ovis aries. References: Brink and Webley (1996).

• Jubilee Shelter (2542:2755). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes; Crocidura fuscomurina cf.; Crocidura hirta; Crocidura mariquensis cf.; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus pygargus; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus; Elephantulus; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus; Grammomys dolichurus; Graphiurus murinus cf.; Hippotragus niger cf.; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lemniscomys rosalia; Lepus; Mastomys natalensis; Mellivora capensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius?; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Ourebia ourebi; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Saccostomus campestris; Smutsia temminckii; Steatomys pratensis cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1987a); G. Turner (1986).

• K2 (2225:2915). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes; Cryptomys; Cynictis penicillata; Equus burchellii; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Ictonyx striatus; Leptailurus serval; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Mastomys natalensis; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Pronolagus randensis; Suncus lixus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug (2000); Steyn and Nienaber (2000); Steyn et al. (1998, 1999); Voigt (1983).

• Kabeljous River Cave 1 (3424BB). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Equus; Homo sapiens; Hyaena; Pelea capreolus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Binneman (2006/2007).

• Kadzi River (1650:3020). Taxa: Acinonyx jubatus; Aepyceros melampus; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Heterohyrax brucei; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus niger cf.; Homo sapiens; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Loxodonta africana; Lycaon pictus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus sharpei; Redunca arundinum; Rhynchogale melleri cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Plug (1997a); Pwiti (1996); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Kamukombe (1630BD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus cf.; Kobus ellipsiprymnus cf.; Lepus saxatilis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Kapako (1755:1940). Taxa: Hippopotamus amphibius. References: Sandelowsky (1979).

• Kareepan (2730:2536). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes gnou; Crocuta crocuta; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga cf.; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Lycaon pictus; Orycteropus afer; Parahyaena brunnea; Phacochoerus; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Brink (2005).

• Karridene (3008:3050). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Galloway and Wells (1934).

• Kasteelberg (3249:1757). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Atilax paludinosus; Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Diceros bicornis; Equus capensis cf.; Equus quagga cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Klein (1986); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1989); Sadr (2007); Smith and Mütti (2013).

• Katarakt (2110:1430). Taxa: Canis. References: Van Neer and Breunig (1999).

• Khami Hill (2009:2823). Taxa: Acinonyx jubatus; Bos taurus; Canis; Civettictis civetta; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Galerella sanguinea; Leptailurus serval; Lycaon pictus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Pedetes capensis; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Thorp (1984).

• Khartoum 1 (2916:2444). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis. References: Klein (1979a).

• Klasies River (3406:2424). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Aonyx capensis; Canis mesomelas; Genetta?; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Avery (1987b, 1995b); Brophy et al. (2014); Grine et al. (1998); Henderson (1992); Klein (1975b, 1976a); McKee et al. (1995); Pearce (2008); Rightmire and Deacon (1991); Van Pletzen (2000); Wadley (2015).

• Klein Kliphuis (3207:1851). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Bathyergus suillus; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Lepus saxatilis; Myotomys unisulcatus cf.; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis cf. References: Avery (1992).

• Klein Spitzkoppe (2152:1503). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Felis silvestris; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Klein Witkrans. See Little Witkrans.

• Klingbeil (2506:3030). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Evers (1980).

• Klipfonteinrand (3218BB). Taxa: Acomys subspinosus; Chlorotalpa sclateri; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Elephantulus edwardii; Georychus capensis; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus ocularis; Homo sapiens; Micaelamys namaquensis; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Myotomys unisulcatus; Neoromicia capensis; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla. References: Avery (unpublished); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Klipspruit (2530:3020). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis adustus cf.; Canis lupus cf.; Connochaetes taurinus; Homo sapiens; Loxodonta africana; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus. References: Plug (1999a).

• KN2005-0041 (3014:1715). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Orton et al. (2013).

• KN6-3C (3013:1714). Taxa: Elephantulus edwardii; Felis silvestris; Lepus capensis; Otocyon megalotis; Parotomys brantsii; Raphicerus campestris. References: Dewar (2007).

• Knysna Heads (3423BB). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Dusseldorp et al. (2013).

• Komkans 2 (3115:1803). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Equus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Mellivora capensis; Orycteropus afer; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Orton (2014).

• Kommando Kop. See Commando Kop

• Kommetjie (3409:1819). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• KoNomtjarhelo (2529). Taxa: Capra hircus; Lepus; Ovis aries. References: Nelson (2008).

• Kouga (3323). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Steyn et al. (2007).

• Kougha Dam (3325DA). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: De Villiers (1965).

• Kreeftebaai (3308:1759). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Procavia capensis. References: Smith et al. (1991).

• Kruger Cave (2545:2715). Taxa: Antidorcas bondi. References: Brown and Verhagen (1985).

• Kuidas Spring (2114). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Equus; Lepus; Oryx gazella cf.; Petromus typicus; Procavia capensis; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Badenhorst (2014); Badenhorst et al. (2016b).

• Kumukams (2541:1716). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Cynictis penicillata; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• KV502 (2930:1703). Taxa: Canis; Elephantulus edwardii; Gerbillurus paeba; Myotomys unisulcatus; Parotomys brantsii; Pedetes capensis; Rhabdomys pumilio. References: Dewar (2007); Dewar and Jerardino (2007).

• KwaGandaganda (2941:3050). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Genetta tigrina; Hippopotamus amphibius; Loxodonta africana; Otolemur crassicaudatus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Whitelaw (1994).

• KwaMaza A & B (2529BD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus cf.; Bos taurus; Caracal caracal cf.; Equus; Genetta genetta; Ovis aries; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Nelson (2008, 2009).

• KwaThwaleyakhe (2855:3027). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Aonyx capensis; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus pygargus; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Mazel (1993); Plug (1993b).

• Lame Sheep Shelter (3127:2439). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Diceros bicornis; Equus quagga; Ictonyx striatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Plug (1993a, 1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• Langdraai (2530:3020). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes taurinus; Panthera leo; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (1999a).

• Langebaan (3305:1802). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Lanlory (1658:2941). Taxa: Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Thryonomys swinderianus?. References: Huffman (1979a).

• Le 6, 7a and 7b (2350:3140). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aonyx capensis; Bos taurus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes taurinus; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Gerbillurus paeba; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Orycteropus afer; Orycteropus afer; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Pronolagus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Plug (1989).

• Leeuhoek (3130:2435). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Vulpes chama. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• Leeukop (2212:2858). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris?; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis cf.; Mastomys; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Paraxerus cepapi; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis cf.; Raphicerus campestris; Saccostomus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Gautier and Van Waarden (1981).

• Leholamogoa (2850:2316). Taxa: Procavia capensis; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Holt (2009).

• Lekkerwater (1805:3142). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Cryptomys hottentotus; Equus burchellii; Lepus; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: G. Turner (1984).

• Leliehoek (2921:2726). Taxa: Alcelaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Connochaetes; Damaliscus pygargus; Felis silvestris; Genetta genetta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Otomys irroratus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Esterhuysen et al. (1994).

• Lemoenfontein (2924). Taxa: Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris. References: Klein (1979a).

• Leopard Cave (2134:1533). Taxa: Ovis aries. References: Pleurdeau et al. (2012).

• Leqhetsoana (2927:2736). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Mitchell et al. (1994); Plug (1997b).

• Letsibogo Dam (2127). Taxa: Bos taurus; Equus burchellii; Lepus cf.; Procavia capensis. References: Huffman and Kinahan (2002/2003).

• Likoaeng (2944:2845). Taxa: Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cryptomys hottentotus cf.; Homo sapiens cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Mastomys natalensis; Mellivora capensis cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Ovis aries cf.; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug et al. (2003).

• Limerock 1 and 2 (2833:2408). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Connochaetes gnou; Crocidura cyanea cf.; Crocidura fuscomurina; Crocidura hirta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata; Desmodillus auricularis; Eptesicus hottentotus; Equus quagga cf.; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Graphiurus murinus; Hippotragus; Malacothrix typica; Mastomys natalensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Neoromicia capensis; Papio ursinus?; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio; Saccostomus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Humphreys and Thackeray (1983); Klein (1979a).

• Liphofung (2944:2827). Taxa: Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sus scrofa; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Xerus. References: Plug (1997b).

• Lithakong (2923:2810). Taxa: Caracal caracal cf.; Chlorocebus; Crocidura; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Hippotragus; Myosorex; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Brink (2012).

• Little Witkrans (2740:2437). Other names: Klein Witkrans. Taxa: Equus burchellii. References: Humphreys (1978); Klein (1979a).

• LK2004-011 (3022:1718). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Caracal caracal; Elephantulus edwardii; Felis silvestris; Genetta genetta; Gerbillurus paeba; Micaelamys namaquensis; Parotomys brantsii; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Vulpes chama. References: Dewar (2007).

• LK5-1 (3023:1718). Taxa: Felis silvestris; Lepus capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Dewar (2007).

• Lotshitshi (1923CD). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: G. Turner (1987b).

• Lower Numas Cave (2114). Taxa: Equus; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Lydenburg Heads Site (2506:3030). Taxa: Bos taurus; Ovis aries cf.; Procavia; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: De Villiers (1982); Voigt (1982).

• Ma 38 (2305:3130). Taxa: Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus equinus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Pronolagus; Raphicerus campestris. References: Plug (1989).

• Ma 4 (2330:3150). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Equus burchellii. References: Plug (1989).

• Mabjanamatshwana (2627). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Diceros bicornis; Equus quagga; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus equinus; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Badenhorst (2006).

• Mabveni (1956:3046). Taxa: Bos taurus; Equus burchellii. References: Huffman (1975); Thorp (1979).

• Magogo (2853:3017). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Bos taurus; Canis adustus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Homo sapiens; Mastomys natalensis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus angasii; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Arnold (2008); Voigt (1984).

• Maguams Andalusia (2516DB). Taxa: Canis mesomelas; Equus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Maguams Elefant (2516DB). Taxa: Equus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Makgabeng (2328BB). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Hippotragus equinus; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Van Schalkwyk (2000).

• Malumba (2231). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Heterohyrax brucei; Hippotragus niger; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Rattus rattus cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Manyanga (2001); Manyanga et al. (2000); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Mamaetla (2852:2314). Taxa: Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis. References: Holt (2009).

• Mamba (2857:3103). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Felis silvestris; Hippopotamus amphibius; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Arnold (2008); Voigt and Peters (1994b).

• Mananzve Hill (2136:2857). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Nyamushosho (2016).

• Manjowe Rock Shelters (1932). Taxa: Bos taurus cf.; Equus burchellii; Heterohyrax brucei; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Otolemur crassicaudatus; Ovis aries; Rattus rattus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Katsamudanga (2007a, 2007b); Mupira and Katsmudanga (2007).

• Mantenge Shelter (2027). Taxa: Heterohyrax brucei; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus. References: De Villiers (1987); Walker (1994).

• Manyikeni (2214:3448). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Hippopotamus amphibius; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus; Syncerus caffer. References: Sigvallius (1988).

• Mapotini Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Homo sapiens; Phacochoerus africanus. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Mapungubwe (2225:2915). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes; Crocidura cyanea; Cryptomys; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Lycaon pictus; Mastomys natalensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Pronolagus randensis; Raphicerus campestris; Suncus lixus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Badenhorst et al. (2011a); Plug (2000); Voigt (1983).

• Maqonqo (2821:3025). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Amblysomus hottentotus?; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Dasymys incomtus; Elephantulus myurus?; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Genetta; Gerbilliscus brantsii?; Giraffa camelopardalis cf.; Hippotragus equinus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Lycaon pictus; Mellivora capensis; Mystromys; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Paraxerus cepapi; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Avery (1996); Plug (1996a).

• Marupale Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Equus caballus; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus cf.; Lepus capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Maselspoort (2902:2625). Taxa: Connochaetes gnou; Homo sapiens. References: Brink (1993, 2005).

• Matanga (2052:2737). Taxa: Bos taurus; Homo sapiens. References: De Villiers (1987); Van Waarden (1987).

• Matjies River Rock Shelter (3401:2325). Taxa: Homo sapiens; Phacochoerus africanus; Rhinolophus clivosus. References: Dreyer (1933); L’Abbé et al. (2008); Louw (1960).

• Matlapaneng (1923CD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Connochaetes; Crocidura hirta cf.; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Lycaon pictus cf.; Otocyon megalotis cf.; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus. References: G. Turner (1987b).

• Mauermanshoek (2851:2714). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes; Crocuta crocuta; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Wadley (2001).

• MB2005-005 (3028:1722). Other names: Seal Midden. Taxa: Felis silvestris; Parotomys brantsii; Raphicerus campestris. References: Dewar (2007).

• MB2005-119 (3028:1722). Taxa: Raphicerus campestris. References: Dewar (2007).

• Mbabane (2845:3022). Taxa: Crocidura cyanea cf.; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Mastomys natalensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex; Otomys irroratus cf.; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys pratensis. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1986b).

• Meerkat Shelter (3108:2513). Taxa: Cryptomys hottentotus; Desmodillus auricularis; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Otomys angoniensis; Otomys irroratus; Parotomys brantsii; Steatomys krebsii. References: Avery (unpublished).

• Melkboom 1 (2902:2101). Taxa: Genetta genetta; Oreotragus oreotragus; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Badenhorst et al. (2015).

• Melkbostrand (3343:1827). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Melkhoutboom (3319:2517). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama cf.; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Equus quagga cf.; Felis silvestris; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus; Redunca arundinum cf.; Redunca fulvorufula cf.; Smutsia; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Deacon (1976); Pearce (2008).

• Messum (2114AD). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Mgede (2810:2941). Taxa: Amblysomus hottentotus; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis; Chrysospalax villosus; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus mesomelas; Equus burchellii cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella sanguinea; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Mellivora capensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus cf.; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1986a).

• Mgoduyanuka (2843:2924). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Cryptomys hottentotus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus. References: Plug and Brown (1982).

• Mhandambiri (2231). Taxa: Canis mesomelas cf.; Cephalophus monticola cf.; Connochaetes taurinus?; Georychus; Lepus saxatilis; Syncerus caffer cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx?; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Shenjere-Nyabezi and Pwiti (2015).

• Mhlopeni (2903:3024). Taxa: Capra hircus; Ovis aries. References: De Villiers (1984); Voigt (1984).

• Mhlwazini (2903:2923). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Antidorcas australis; Antidorcas marsupialis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Cephalophus natalensis; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Myosorex; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; cf.; Otomys laminatus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Avery (1991b); Mazel (1990); Plug (1990, 1997b).

• Milnerton (3353:1830). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Mirabib (2327:1519). Taxa: Crocidura; Desmodillus auricularis?; Elephantulus intufi?; Elephantulus rupestris?; Eremitalpa granti; Gerbillurus paeba?; Gerbillurus vallinus; Macroscelides proboscideus?; Malacothrix typica; Petromus typicus cf.; Petromyscus; Rhabdomys. References: Brain and Brain (1977).

• Mitford Park (3220:2630). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Mmatshetschele Mountain (2535:2720). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Cryptomys; Equus; Lepus; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis. References: Badenhorst and Plug (2001).

• Mo 8 (2325:3155). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Lepus saxatilis; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (1989).

• Modder River Mouth (3328:1818). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013); Pfeiffer and Van der Merwe (2004).

• Modipe Hill (2439:2610). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Owens (1995).

• Mogapelwa (2022). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Herpestes ichneumon; Orycteropus afer; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Robbins et al. (2009).

• Molokwane (2527). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus pygerythrus; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga cf.; Genetta tigrina cf.; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus niger; Homo sapiens; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Badenhorst (2006).

• Moritsane (2439:2547). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Kobus leche; Lepus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Reed Cohen (2010).

• Mpambanyoni (3017:3044). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Bos taurus?; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dasymys incomtus; Herpestes ichneumon?; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mastomys natalensis; Mungos mungo; Myosorex; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Robey (1980).

• Mphekwane (2850:2316). Taxa: Oreotragus oreotragus; Raphicerus campestris; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Holt (2009).

• Msuluzi Confluence (2845:3008). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus. References: Arnold (2008); De Villiers (1984); Voigt (1980a).

• Mt Ziwa (1808:3238). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Thorp (1979).

• Mtanye (2129AD). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus. References: Huffman (2008).

• Mud River (3318AD). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Muela (2944:2827). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1997b).

• Muhululu Hill (2331). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Loxodonta africana. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Muozi (1750:3255). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Cryptomys; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Ovis aries; Potamochoerus larvatus; Rattus rattus. References: Plug and Badenhorst (2002); Plug et al. (1997).

• Murahwa’s Hill (1858:3239). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus cf.; Canis sp.; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Genetta; Lepus saxatilis; Ovis aries; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia cf.; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Katsamudanga (2007a); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Mutshilachokwe (2207:2931). Taxa: Bos taurus; Genetta genetta; Lepus saxatilis; Pedetes capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Manyanga (2006); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Mwenezi Farm (2231). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Cephalophus natalensis; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus niger; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus saxatilis; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus cf.; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys gregorianus; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Manyanga (2001); Manyanga et al. (2000); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Mzinyashana 1 (2819:3028). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aethomys chrysophilus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Amblysomus hottentotus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Cephalophus natalensis; Chlorocebus aethiops; Chrysospalax villosus; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Crocuta crocuta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus melanotis; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Lycaon pictus; Mastomys natalensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mystromys albicaudatus; Neotragus moschatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Paraxerus cepapi cf.; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Saccostomus campestris; Smutsia temminckii; Steatomys pratensis; Suncus infinitesimus; Suncus varilla; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf.; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1997a); Plug (2002).

• Mzonjani (2944:3103). Taxa: Bos taurus; Philantomba monticola. References: Voigt (1980c).

• Namib 2 (2347:1520). Taxa: Connochaetes taurinus?; Equus sp.; Oryx gazella?; Raphicerus campestris?. References: Shackley (1985).

• Namtib (2602:1615). Taxa: Caracal caracal cf.; Equus zebra cf.; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Petromus typicus cf.; Procavia; Pronolagus randensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Thackeray (1979).

• Nanda (2940:3051). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus cf.; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus cf.; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cryptomys hottentotus; Felis silvestris; Genetta tigrina; Homo sapiens; Mastomys natalensis; Otomys irroratus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Redunca; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Plug (1993c).

• Ndondondwane (2850:3102). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus; Rattus rattus; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus angasii. References: Arnold (2008); Voigt and Von den Driesch (1984).

• Ndongo (2045:3209). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Capra hircus; Genetta genetta; Georychus capensis; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Shenjere-Nyabezi (2017); Shenjere-Nyabezi et al. (2013).

• Nelson Bay Cave (3406:2322). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama cf.; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Brophy et al. (2014); Klein (1972, 1974b); Pearce (2008).

• Nkupe (2809:2956). Taxa: Amblysomus hottentotus; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Caracal caracal cf.; Chlorocebus aethiops; Chrysospalax villosus; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus pygargus; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus melanotis; Dendromus mesomelas; Elephantulus myurus cf.; Eptesicus hottentotus?; Equus burchellii cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella sanguinea; Genetta; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Grammomys dolichurus; Graphiurus murinus; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kerivoula argentata; Lycaon pictus; Mastomys natalensis; Mellivora capensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys angoniensis; Otomys irroratus cf.; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus clivosus cf.; Rhinolophus simulator?; Suncus infinitesimus; Syncerus caffer. References: Avery (1988, 1991b); Mazel (1988a).

• Noordhoek (3406:1823). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• North Brabant Shelter (2355:2806). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Cephalophus; Equus burchellii; Hystrix; Ictonyx; Lycaon pictus; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Syncerus caffer. References: Schoonraad and Beaumont (1968).

• Norvalspont (3038:2527). Taxa: Equus zebra. References: Lundholm (1952).

• Nos (2530:1530). Taxa: Canis; Procavia. References: Thackeray (1979).

• Nqoma (1845:2145). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes; Cryptomys hottentotus; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Kobus ellipsiprymnus cf.; Kobus leche; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Redunca arundinum cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus. References: G. Turner (1987a).

• Ntloana Tsoana (2910:2749). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea cf.; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1997b).

• Ntshekane (2858:3024). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Connochaetes taurinus; Felis silvestris cf.; Lepus; Lycaon pictus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola cf.; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus angasii. References: Arnold (2008); Maggs and Michael (1976).

• Numas 25 (2107:1425). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Crocuta crocuta; Equus; Suricata suricatta. References: Van Neer and Breunig (1999).

• Nuwekloof Shelter (3331:2339). Taxa: Lepus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Binneman (2000).

• Oakhurst (3401:2240). Taxa: Genetta?; Hippotragus leucophaeus?; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus?; Syncerus caffer. References: Drennan (1937); Fagan (1960); Goodwin (1937a, 1937b); Pearce (2008).

• Ochre Cave (2724). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Equus burchellii; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Phacochoerus; Procavia capensis; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Humphreys (1978).

• OFD1 (2924DD). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Cynictis penicillata?; Herpestes ichneumon?; Procavia capensis. References: Klein (1979a).

• Ol 20 (2410:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus niger; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus saxatilis; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (1989).

• Olieboompoort (2359:2740). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Crocidura; Crocuta crocuta; Damaliscus lunatus cf.; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Diceros bicornis; Equus quagga; Felis silvestris; Galerella sanguinea; Genetta tigrina; Gerbilliscus leucogaster cf.; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus equinus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus cf.; Lepus saxatilis; Mungos mungo; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer cf.; Papio ursinus; Paraxerus cepapi; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus randensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus sharpei; Rattus rattus cf.; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus cf.; Tragelaphus scriptus cf.; Tragelaphus strepsiceros cf. References: Van der Ryst (2006).

• OND 2 and 3 (2901:2722). Taxa: Bos taurus; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Damaliscus pygargus cf. References: Maggs (1975).

• Ondini (2819:3128). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Equus asinus; Felis silvestris; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Leptailurus serval; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Saccostomus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Watson and Watson (1990).

• OO1 (2757:2804). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama cf.; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis. References: Maggs (1975).

• Orabes Upper (2114). Taxa: Felis silvestris cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Orange River Railway Station (2940:2412). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus cf.; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Badenhorst and Boshoff (2015).

• Oshilongo (2110:1430). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis; Equus; Felis silvestris; Oryx gazella; Pronolagus randensis; Xerus princeps. References: Van Neer and Breunig (1999).

• Ostrich Shelter (2440:2535). Taxa: Connochaetes taurinus; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis. References: Sadr and Plug (2001).

• OU1 (2720:2845). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama cf.; Bos taurus; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Pedetes capensis; Proteles cristata. References: Maggs (1975).

• OU2 (2711:2908). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama cf.; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Connochaetes gnou cf.; Damaliscus pygargus cf.; Pedetes capensis. References: Maggs (1975).

• Oudepost 1 (3308:1802). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Diceros bicornis; Felis; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Mellivora capensis; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Parahyaena brunnea; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Sus scrofa; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Cruz-Uribe and Schrire (1991).

• Pa 8.1 (2245:3121). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Equus burchellii; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Pronolagus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (1989, 2000).

• Pancho’s Kitchen Midden (3219:1819). Taxa: Atilax paludinosus; Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus capensis; Mellivora capensis; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Jerardino (1998, 2012); Jerardino et al. (2013).

• Paradise Main House (3340:1810). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Sus scrofa. References: Avery (1989).

• Paternoster (3248:1753). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Dendromus melanotis; Galerella pulverulenta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Myotomys unisulcatus cf.; Raphicerus; Rhabdomys pumilio; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Robertshaw (1977).

• Penge (2422:1758). Taxa: Bos taurus; Oreotragus oreotragus cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Syncerus caffer cf.; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Antonites et al. (2014).

• Ph 9 (2325:3155). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Pronolagus. References: Plug (1989).

• Pjene Hill (2331). Taxa: Hippotragus equinus. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Pockenbank (2713:1631). Taxa: Equus zebra cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Petromus typicus cf.; Procavia; Raphicerus campestris. References: Thackeray (1979); Wadley (2015).

• Pomongwe (2032:2830). Taxa: Connochaetes; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus; Hippotragus niger; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Panthera pardus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Brain (1981); Wadley (2015).

• Pont Drift (2213:2909). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis adustus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Heterohyrax brucei; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus cf.; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Xerus. References: De Villiers (1980); Hanisch (1980); Plug (2000); Plug et al. (1979); Steyn and Nienaber (2000); Voigt (1980b).

• Potgietersrust (2429AA). Taxa: Oreotragus oreotragus. References: Wells (1951).

• Powerhouse Cave (2737:2438). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Connochaetes gnou; Cynictis penicillata cf.; Diceros bicornis; Equus burchellii; Equus quagga; Felis silvestris cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus cf.; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx?; Vulpes chama. References: Humphreys (1978); Klein (1979a).

• Pramberg (2915:2445). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Parahyaena brunnea cf.; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris. References: Brink et al. (1992).

• Putslaagte 8 (3218). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Galerella pulverulenta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Mackay et al. (2015).

• Qugana (1822). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus niger cf.; Mastomys natalensis; Pedetes capensis; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus; Taurotragus. References: G. Turner (1987b).

• QwaQwa Museum Site (2829:2844). Taxa: Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Lepus capensis cf.; Procavia capensis; Proteles cristata; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Brink and Holt (1992).

• Radiepolong (2440:2535). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Ovis aries; Parahyaena brunnea; Paraxerus cepapi; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Xerus inauris. References: Sadr and Plug (2001).

• Randjies (2257:2843). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus niger cf.; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Redunca arundinum cf.; Suricata suricatta; Sus scrofa; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Badenhorst and Plug (2003); Plug (1994).

• Ratho Kroonkop (2229). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus cf.; Ceratotherium simum cf.; Diceros bicornis; Equus quagga; Giraffa camelopardalis; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx cf.; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Brunton et al. (2013).

• Rautenbach’s Cave (3331:2342). Taxa: Equus zebra cf.; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Binneman (2000).

• Ravenscraig (3000:2747). Taxa: Equus; Hippotragus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1997b).

• Reception Shelter (3132:1836). Other names: VR001. Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus cf.; Bathyergus janetta; Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Canis; Chrysochloris asiatica; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Desmodillus auricularis; Eremitalpa granti; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Macroscelides proboscideus; Malacothrix typica; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Nycteris thebaica; Panthera leo; Parotomys brantsii; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus clivosus; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Avery (unpublished); Orton et al. (2011).

• Renbaan (3214:1852). Taxa: Acomys subspinosus; Chlorotalpa sclateri; Chrysochloris asiatica; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Elephantulus edwardii; Georychus capensis; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus ocularis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myomyscus verreauxii; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Nycteris thebaica; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (unpublished); Kaplan (1987).

• Rhenosterkloof (2439:2743). Taxa: Bos taurus; Equus burchellii; Procavia. References: Plug (1985).

• Riversmead (3040:2520). Taxa: Canis; Cynictis penicillata; Equus; Felis silvestris; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Smutsia temminckii; Vulpes chama. References: Klein (1979a).

• Rooiberg (2327). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Steyn and Broekhuizen (1993).

• Rooiels (3418:1849). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus cf.; Aonyx capensis; Canis mesomelas cf.; Equus burchellii; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippopotamus amphibius; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris cf.; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Smith (1981).

• Rooikrans Hilltop (2453:2739). Taxa: Bos taurus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug (1985).

• Rooikrans Shelter (2907:2725). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Plug (1997b).

• Rooiwal Hollow and Midden (3027:1721). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Lepus. References: Orton et al. (2005).

• Roosfontein (2849:2744). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes gnou; Taurotragus oryx. References: Klatzow (1994).

• Rose Cottage Cave (2913:2728). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Amblysomus hottentotus; Antidorcas australis; Antidorcas bondi; Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes gnou; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Dendromus melanotis; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus brantsii; Graphiurus murinus; Hippotragus equinus cf.; Hippotragus leucophaeus cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis; Mastomys natalensis sl.; Micaelamys namaquensis; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros; Vulpes chama; Xerus inauris. References: Avery (1997b); Brophy et al. (2014); Plug (1997b); Plug and Engela (1992); Welbourne (1988); Wells (2006).

• Ruanga Ruin (1702:3141). Taxa: Bos taurus. References: Pellatt (1972).

• Saldanha (3317). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Salem Commonage (3328:2628). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Sandy Bay (3400:1821). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Schoemansdal (2300:2955). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis cf.; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus asinus; Equus burchellii; Equus caballus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Sus scrofa; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug et al. (2000).

• Schroda (2211:2925). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Heterohyrax brucei; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ichneumia albicauda; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mungos mungo; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: De Villiers (1980); Hanisch (1980); Plug (2000); Steyn and Nienaber (2000); Voigt (1980a).

• Scott’s Cave (2543:3344). Taxa: Caracal caracal cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta genetta cf.; Homo sapiens; Lepus; Loxodonta africana; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus melanotis; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Klein and Scott (1974).

• Sea Point Cape Town (3355:1823). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Sea Vista (3411:2450). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Seal Midden. See MB2005-005.

• Seal Point (3417:2446). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Sebatini Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Phacochoerus africanus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Sehonghong (2946:2847). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus pygerythrus; Connochaetes gnou; Cryptomys; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus asinus; Equus quagga; Felis silvestris; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus leucophaeus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ichneumia albicauda; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus saxatilis; Lycaon pictus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ourebia ourebi; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama; Xerus inauris. References: Horsburgh et al. (2016); Plug and Mitchell (2008); Wadley (2015).

• Selongwe Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Phacochoerus africanus; Proteles cristata; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus sharpei; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Sentinel Ranch (2200:3015). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Raphicerus. References: Plug (2000).

• Seroromeng (2852:2315). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Giraffa camelopardalis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Holt (2009).

• Serotwe Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Sh 14a (2310:3125). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Connochaetes taurinus. References: Plug (1989).

• Shankare Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis; Capra hircus; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Sibudu (2931:3105). Taxa: Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Cephalophus natalensis; Chlorocebus pygerythrus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris cf; Homo sapiens cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lycaon pictus; Mellivora capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus; Raphicerus; Redunca arundinum; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx cf; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Cain (2006); Clark and Plug (2008); Glenny (2006); Le Roux and Badenhorst (2016); Plug (1997d, 2004); Wadley et al. (2008); Wells (2006).

• Sikhanyisweni (2828:3024). Taxa: Canis mesomelas; Equus burchellii cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella sanguinea; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lycaon pictus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Redunca fulvorufula; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Mazel (1988b).

• Simamwe (2129AD). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Equus burchellii. References: Huffman (2008).

• Simonstown (3411:1826). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Simunye (2609:3152). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Ceratotherium simum; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus leucogaster; Suncus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Badenhorst and Plug (2002).

• Sk 17 (2431). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Genetta; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Mastomys; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Pronolagus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Plug (1989).

• Skorpion Cave (2754:1639). Taxa: Capra hircus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Parotomys brantsii; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris cf. References: Kinahan and Kinahan (2003).

• Skutwater (2211:2933). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atelerix frontalis; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocidura; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Lepus saxatilis; Ovis aries; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Steyn and Nienaber (2000); Van Ewyk (1987).

• Smitswinkelbaai (3416:1828). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: Marean (1985).

• Snuifklip (3417:2155). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Somerset Strand (3406:1850). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Sonkoanini Hill (2355:3105). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Chlorocebus aethiops; Equus burchellii; Gerbilliscus leucogaster; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug and Pistorius (1999).

• Spitzkop Cave (3320:2613). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Spoeg River (3018:1716). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Bathyergus janetta; Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Equus burchellii; Eremitalpa granti; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus platyops?; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Lepus saxatilis; Mellivora capensis; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Oryx gazella; Otocyon megalotis; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Parahyaena brunnea; Parotomys brantsii; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Rhabdomys pumilio; Smutsia temminckii; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Suricata suricatta; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Avery (1992c); Dewar (2007); Webley (1992a, 1992b, 2001a, 2001b).

• Spring Cave (3218:1820). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bathyergus suillus; Canis; Caracal caracal; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Genetta; Herpestes ichneumon; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987).

• St Francis Bay 2 (3424). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas cf.; Equus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Homo sapiens; Raphicerus melanotis; Syncerus caffer. References: Binneman (2004/2005).

• St Lucia (2817:3225). Taxa: Genetta maculata; Grammomys cometes; Homo sapiens. References: Galloway (1936).

• Stayt (2210:3030). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Equus burchellii; Lepus saxatilis; Procavia capensis. References: Plug (2000); Steyn and Nienaber (2000).

• Steenbokfontein (3210:1820). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Chrysochloris asiatica; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Dendromus mesomelas; Desmodillus auricularis; Elephantulus edwardii; Eremitalpa granti; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Gerbilliscus afra; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus ocularis; Herpestes ichneumon; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Malacothrix typica; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Myotomys unisulcatus; Mystromys albicaudatus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus; Otomys saundersiae; Ovis aries; Parotomys brantsii; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus varilla; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Avery (1999); Jerardino and Yates (1996); Jerardino et al. (2013); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Steenbras Bay (2640:1509). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Thackeray (1979).

• Steinaecker’s Horse (2324:3137). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Equus asinus; Equus burchellii; Leptailurus serval; Lepus; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Badenhorst et al. (2002).

• Stofbergsfontein (3309:1804). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Elephantulus edwardii cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Myotomys unisulcatus cf.; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio. References: Robertshaw (1978).

• Striped Giraffe Shelter (2148:1542). Taxa: Capra hircus; Diceros bicornis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otocyon megalotis; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis cf. References: Plug (1979a).

• Tandjesberg (2905:2737). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Cryptomys; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus; Otomys irroratus; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Xerus inauris. References: Wadley and McLaren (1998).

• Tautswemogala (2153:2713). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atelerix frontalis; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal cf.; Ceratotherium simum; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Galerella sanguinea; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus saxatilis cf.; Loxodonta africana; Oryx gazella cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx. References: De Villiers (1976b); Welbourne (1975).

• Tavhatshene (2309:2958). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Cephalophus natalensis; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Cynictis penicillata; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Galerella sanguinea; Hippotragus equinus; Homo sapiens; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Ovis aries; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris; Rattus rattus; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus angasii; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: De Wet-Bronner (1994); Plug (2000).

• Te Vrede (3128). Taxa: Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Damaliscus; Equus; Georychus capensis; Hippotragus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Procavia capensis; Taurotragus oryx. References: Opperman (1987).

• Thamanga Rock Shelter 1 (2440:2535). Taxa: Equus burchellii?; Galerella sanguinea; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris cf.; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Robbins (1986).

• The Havens Cave (3341:2434). Taxa: Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Binneman (1997); Pearce (2008).

• Thulamela (2210:3130). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocuta crocuta; Equus burchellii; Genetta genetta; Gerbilliscus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hippotragus equinus; Hippotragus niger; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Parahyaena brunnea; Paraxerus cepapi; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus sharpei cf.; Rattus rattus; Redunca arundinum; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus angasii; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Plug (1997c, 2000); Steyn and Nienaber (2000).

• Tiara Shelter (2114). Taxa: Canis mesomelas; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Tierfontein 2, 4A and 7 (2826AA). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Orycteropus afer; Panthera pardus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Klein (1979a).

• Tiras (2613:1634). Taxa: Canis; Lepus; Oryx gazella; Procavia. References: Thackeray (1979).

• Tloutle (2928:2746). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Antidorcas australis; Antidorcas marsupialis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus cf.; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Pedetes capensis; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Xerus inauris. References: Mitchell (1993); Plug (1993d, 1997b).

• Tortoise Cave (3218:1821). Taxa: Atelerix frontalis; Bathyergus suillus; Canis mesomelas; Caracal caracal; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Mellivora capensis; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Raphicerus melanotis; Sus scrofa; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx. References: Jerardino et al. (2013); Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1987); Pfeiffer (2013).

• Toteng (2023:2257). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus cf.; Bos taurus; Canis lupus cf.; Chlorocebus pygerythrus; Hippopotamus amphibius; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus leche cf.; Orycteropus afer; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Pedetes capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Saccostomus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tragelaphus spekeii. References: Robbins et al. (2008).

• TP2004-04 (2930:1700). Taxa: Oryx gazella. References: Dewar (2007).

• Tsh 1 (2457:3138). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Atelerix frontalis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes taurinus; Damaliscus lunatus; Equus burchellii; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Ictonyx striatus; Phacochoerus africanus; Pronolagus; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus. References: Plug (1989).

• Tshirululuni (2301:2955). Taxa: Acinonyx jubatus cf.; Aepyceros melampus; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Capra hircus; Civettictis civetta; Connochaetes taurinus cf.; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus niger cf.; Homo sapiens; Leptailurus serval; Lepus saxatilis; Loxodonta africana; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Smutsia temminckii; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Taurotragus oryx cf.; Tragelaphus angasii cf.; Tragelaphus scriptus cf.; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: De Wet-Bronner (1995b); Plug (2000).

• Tshisiku Shelter (2213:2909). Taxa: Equus burchellii; Lepus capensis cf.; Pedetes capensis cf.; Phacochoerus africanus. References: Van Doornum (2007).

• Tshitheme (2309:2958). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Bos taurus; Equus burchellii; Lepus saxatilis; Panthera leo; Papio ursinus; Pronolagus randensis cf.; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: De Wet-Bronner (1995a); Plug (2000).

• Tshobwane (2206:2933). Taxa: Bos taurus; Lepus saxatilis; Pedetes capensis; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Manyanga (2006).

• Tshwane (2546:2822). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pelser et al. (2004/2005).

• Twyfelpoort Shelter (2837:2734). Taxa: Alcelaphus; Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus; Hystrix; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Papio; Parahyaena brunnea; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Backwell et al. (1996).

• uMgungundlovu (3131:2832). Taxa: Bos taurus; Cercopithecus; Lepus; Oreotragus oreotragus; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug and Roodt (1990).

• Umhlatuzana (2948:3045). Taxa: Aethomys chrysophilus; Amblysomus hottentotus; Atilax paludinosus; Canis; Cephalophus natalensis; Chlorocebus pygerythrus; Chrysospalax villosus; Crocidura flavescens; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dasymys incomtus; Dendromus; Genetta; Georychus capensis; Grammomys dolichurus; Herpestes ichneumon; Hippotragus; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis cf.; Mastomys natalensis; Mellivora capensis; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys irroratus; Otomys laminatus; Ourebia ourebi; Panthera pardus; Philantomba monticola; Procavia capensis; Redunca fulvorufula; Rhabdomys pumilio; Smutsia temminckii; Steatomys pratensis; Suncus varilla; Syncerus caffer; Thryonomys; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Avery (1991b); Kaplan (1990).

• Umhloti (2931CA). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Galloway (1936).

• UmKlaarmaak (2529BD). Taxa: Capra hircus; Lepus; Ovis aries. References: Nelson (2008, 2009).

• Umuab (2110:1430). Taxa: Pronolagus randensis; Suricata suricatta. References: Van Neer and Breunig (1999).

• Uri Hauchub 4 (2515). Taxa: Panthera pardus. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Vaalhoek (2835:1705). Other names: /hei-/khomas. Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal cf.; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Procavia capensis; Pronolagus rupestris; Raphicerus campestris. References: Webley (2001b).

• Van Zyl’s Rus Shelter (3130:2435). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• Velddrif (3247:1811). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Ventershoek (2927CA). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Aonyx capensis; Canis; Cynictis penicillata; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus; Felis silvestris; Oreotragus oreotragus; Pelea capreolus; Phacochoerus africanus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Klein (1979a).

• Village 16 (2229). Taxa: Bos taurus; Lepus saxatilis; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis. References: Manyanga (2006).

• Vlaeberg (3306:1800). Taxa: Bos taurus; Procavia capensis. References: Smith et al. (1991).

• Vlermuisgat Cave (3101:2219). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Crocidura; Cynictis penicillata; Equus zebra; Felis nigripes; Galerella sanguinea; Gerbilliscus leucogaster; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Lepus capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Ovis aries; Pedetes capensis; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula; Saccostomus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Xerus inauris. References: Badenhorst et al. (2015).

• Voëlvlei (3324:1904). Taxa: Alcelaphus buselaphus; Bathyergus suillus; Caracal caracal; Elephantulus; Felis silvestris; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Panthera pardus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus. References: Morris et al. (2004/2005); Smith et al. (1991).

• Volstruisfontein (3124). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis mesomelas; Connochaetes gnou; Damaliscus pygargus; Equus quagga; Galerella; Ictonyx striatus; Ovis aries; Parahyaena brunnea; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Suricata suricatta; Taurotragus oryx; Vulpes chama. References: Plug (1999b); Plug and Sampson (1996).

• VR001. See Reception Shelter.

• VR005. See Buzz Shelter.

• Vredenburg (3254:1759). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Vungu Vungu (1755:1940). Taxa: Hippopotamus amphibius. References: Sandelowsky (1979).

• Vygeboom (3315:2537). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Waterbakke (3124:1757). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Watervalrivier (3222:1857). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Welgegund (2547:2754). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: De Villiers (1972b).

• Welgeluk Shelter (3259:2631). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• White Paintings Rock Shelter (1825:2130). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Caracal caracal cf.; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Crocidura hirta cf.; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Fukomys damarensis; Genetta; Gerbilliscus leucogaster; Gerbillurus paeba; Giraffa camelopardalis; Hippotragus equinus cf.; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus leche cf.; Lepus; Mellivora capensis; Orycteropus afer; Otocyon megalotis; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Ovis aries; Panthera pardus; Pedetes capensis; Phacochoerus africanus; Potamochoerus larvatus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca arundinum cf.; Saccostomus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Taurotragus oryx; Tragelaphus scriptus; Tragelaphus strepsiceros. References: Robbins (1990); Robbins et al. (2000).

• Widcome (3320:2656). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Wildebeestfontein (2627:2909). Taxa: Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Gerbilliscus cf.; Homo sapiens; Sylvicapra grimmia. References: Plug (1979b).

• Wilton Cave (3322:2618). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pearce (2008).

• Wilton Large Rock Shelter (3319:2608). Taxa: Bos taurus; Dendromus mesomelas; Homo sapiens; Loxodonta africana; Pelea capreolus; Potamochoerus larvatus. References: Brain (1981); Pearce (2008).

• Witklip (3255:1759). Taxa: Bathyergus suillus; Caracal caracal; Felis silvestris; Galerella pulverulenta; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Mellivora capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer. References: Smith et al. (1991).

• Witkrans Cave (2736:2436). Taxa: Alcelaphus caama?; Atilax paludinosus; Damaliscus pygargus?; Equus burchellii; Hippotragus equinus?; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca fulvorufula. References: Davis (1961); Dusseldorp et al. (2013); Humphreys (1978); McCrossin (1992); Meester (1961a).

• Witputs North (2716). Taxa: Ovis aries; Procavia capensis. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Wonderwerk (2751:2333). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura flavescens; Crocidura fuscomurina; Crocidura hirta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Dendromus melanotis; Desmodillus auricularis; Equus capensis; Felis silvestris; Gerbilliscus; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus murinus; Hippotragus equinus; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Malacothrix typica; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus natalensis; Mus indutus; Mus minutoides; Myosorex varius; Mystromys albicaudatus; Neoromicia capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Orycteropus afer; Otomys angoniensis cf.; Otomys irroratus; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Raphicerus campestris; Redunca; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Rhinolophus clivosus; Saccostomus campestris; Scotophilus nigrita; Steatomys krebsii; Suncus lixus; Suncus varilla; Sylvicapra grimmia; Syncerus caffer; Tadarida aegyptiaca; Taurotragus oryx; Thallomys paedulcus; Zelotomys woosnami. References: Avery (1981, 1995b, 2007); Brink et al. (2015b, 2016); Fernandez-Jalvo and Avery (2015); Klein (1988); Malan and Cooke (1941); Malan and Wells (1943); Thackeray (1984, 2015); Wells et al. (1942); Vrba (1973); Wadley (2015).

• Wosi (2854:3102). Taxa: Aepyceros melampus; Aonyx capensis; Atilax paludinosus; Bos taurus; Canis lupus; Canis mesomelas; Capra hircus; Caracal caracal; Cephalophus natalensis; Chlorocebus aethiops; Connochaetes taurinus; Equus burchellii; Felis silvestris; Genetta genetta; Hippopotamus amphibius; Homo sapiens; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Loxodonta africana; Orycteropus afer; Ovis aries; Papio ursinus; Phacochoerus africanus; Philantomba monticola; Potamochoerus larvatus; Redunca arundinum; Redunca fulvorufula; Sylvicapra grimmia; Thryonomys swinderianus; Tragelaphus scriptus. References: Arnold (2008); Morris (1994); Voigt and Peters (1994a).

• Xaro (1821). Taxa: Canis lupus cf.; Equus quagga; Hippopotamus amphibius cf.; Hydrictis maculicollis; Kobus leche; Ovis aries; Tragelaphus spekeii. References: Van Zyl et al. (2013).

• Ysterfontein (3320:1809). Taxa: Homo sapiens. References: Pfeiffer (2013).

• Zaayfontein (3040:2520). Taxa: Antidorcas marsupialis; Raphicerus campestris; Vulpes chama cf. References: Klein (1979a).

• Zais (2401:1608). Taxa: Antidorcas australis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Papio ursinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris. References: Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Zebrarivier (2431:1716). Taxa: Atelerix frontalis; Crocidura cyanea; Desmodillus auricularis; Elephantulus rupestris cf.; Equus; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Gerbillurus paeba; Homo sapiens; Macroscelides proboscideus; Micaelamys namaquensis; Mus indutus; Neoromicia capensis; Oreotragus oreotragus; Otomys irroratus cf.; Parotomys littledalei cf.; Petromus typicus; Petromyscus collinus; Procavia capensis; Raphicerus campestris; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus capensis; Saccostomus campestris; Steatomys parvus; Suncus varilla. References: Avery (1984b); Broom (1928); Cruz-Uribe and Klein (1981–1983).

• Zoovoorbij (2839:2101). Taxa: Crocidura cyanea; Crocidura hirta; Cryptomys hottentotus; Desmodillus auricularis; Elephantulus; Gerbilliscus brantsii cf.; Gerbillurus paeba; Graphiurus murinus; Macroscelides proboscideus; Malacothrix typica; Micaelamys namaquensis; Miniopterus schreibersii; Mus; Parotomys brantsii; Petromyscus collinus; Rhabdomys pumilio; Rhinolophus fumigatus cf.; Saccostomus campestris; Thallomys paedulcus; Zelotomys woosnami. References: Avery (unpublished); Smith (1995).