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1 - History and core themes

from Part I - Foundations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Adele Abrahamsen  and
William Bechtel
Edited by
Keith Frankish  and
William Ramsey
Keith Frankish
Affiliation:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
William Ramsey
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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Summary

This chapter provides empirical and theoretical understanding of cognition. Today localizationism dominates neuroscience, ranging from single cell recording to functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), while anti-localizationism has a new home in dynamical systems modeling. Cognitive science encompasses both. It is sometimes said that the cognitive revolution stemmed from seizing on a new technology, the digital computer, as a metaphor for the mind. Artificial neural network represents a counterpoint to discrete computation. Symbolic architectures share a commitment to representations whose elements are symbols and operations on those representations that typically involve moving, copying, deleting, comparing, or replacing symbols. The chapter highlights just two trends: the expansion of inquiry down into the brain (cognitive neuroscience) and out into the body and world (embedded and extended cognition). The expansion outward has been more diverse, but the transitional figure clearly is James J. Gibson.
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Chapter
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The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Science
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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