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12 - Cognitive neuroscience

from Part III - Research programs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Dominic Standage  and
Thomas Trappenberg
Edited by
Keith Frankish  and
William Ramsey
Keith Frankish
Affiliation:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
William Ramsey
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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Summary

Cognitive neuroscience may be roughly divided into four subfields: clinical studies of neurological patients, non-invasive brain imaging methods, electrophysiology, and computational modeling. Lesion studies have provided a wealth of scientific data showing the cortical and subcortical localization of various aspects of cognitive phenomena. Three cognitive phenomena are chosen for discussion: episodic memory, decision making, and category learning. Before considering episodic memory, or the memory of personal experience, this chapter first considers memory formation at the (subcognitive) level of neurons and synapses. It is widely believed that memory is accomplished by the change in strength of synapses, or synaptic plasticity. S.J. Martin, P. Grimwood, and R.G.M. Morris suggest several criteria for establishing the synaptic plasticity and memory (SPM) hypothesis. The chapter introduces dynamic neural field (DNF) models. These basic models capture fundamental characteristics of neural organization, describing both neural and behavioral data.

Keywords

theoretical conceptsknowledge of actionsmotor cognitioncausal approachdual-intention theoryconscious agencycausal deviance
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Science
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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