Compared with the upper face, the lower face is a less common focus for treatment with botulinum toxin. However, with proper attention to muscular anatomy and function, the results of treatment in this area can be rewarding. Aging skin loses both its elasticity and thickness. These physiologicalchanges, coupled with repeated pleating and contraction of skin, result in rhytids (wrinkles).

In the upper face, relaxing the relevant underlying muscles of facial expression with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections will eliminate the so-called dynamic rhytids (wrinkles) and, over time, will soften the appearance of static rhytids. In the lower face, the cosmetic effect is less about the elimination of the wrinkles and more about changing appearance, often through paralyzing target muscles to allow unopposed action of complementary musculature. This approach can be useful, for example, to help correct age-related drooping of the nasal tip or the corners of the mouth. This chapter illustrates in detail the anatomy of lower facial muscles and specific injection sites, and discusses injection patterns to achieve specific results.

Some of the most outward signs of ageing are mediated through the skin. This chapter concentrates on how skin care products chimed with understandings of what could be achieved by way of rejuvenation. Using a diverse range of sources, including advertising material which appeared in household magazines and newspapers, the company records of Boots, market research surveys, and ephemera relating to the products themselves, this chapter triangulates the myriad claims about what skin care products could achieve against prevailing social concerns with ageing, knowledge about the skin and conceptions of beauty. The principal argument is that through the twentieth century youthful skin became deeply entwined with a particular form of beauty: the two became inseparable and skincare preparations appealed to those who sought to increase both their attractiveness and youthfulness.