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6 results

  • Event-related potentials and white matter lesions in bipolar disorder

  • E. F. P. M. Vuurman, A. Honig, T. H. Lamers, J. Wiersma, L. Krabbendam, P. A. M. Hofman, W. A. Nolen, J. Jolles
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / February 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2014, pp. 11-16
  • Objectives:

    To investigate neurophysiological parameters which possibly distinguish subtypes I and II of patients with a bipolar disorder, and contrast the findings with observations from a group of schizophrenic patients and a group of healthy controls.

    Methods:

    Sixty-six volunteers underwent a MRI scan to determine the number and location of white matter lesions (WSL). A electrophysiological registration was made while all volunteers performed a auditory ‘oddball’ task, and the amplitude of the resulting P300 wave was compared.

    Results:

    Earlier reports of higher numbers of WSL in bipolar disorder were not replicated in this study. Subtypes I and II showed a different P300 amplitude and subtype I resembled the results of the schizophrenia group.

    Conclusion:

    Bipolar patients in remission have a functional brain disorder that is expressed by a change in physiological response to external stimuli.

  • Do cerebral white matter lesions influence the rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia?

  • Michael E. Devine, J. Andres Saez Fonseca, Zuzana Walker
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 25 / Issue 1 / January 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 July 2012, pp. 120-127
    • Article
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  • Background: Cerebral white matter lesions (WML), evident on CT and MRI brain scans, are histopathologically heterogeneous but associated with vascular risk factors and thought mainly to indicate ischemic damage. There has been disagreement over their clinical prognostic value in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia.

    Methods: We scrutinised and rated CT and MRI brain scans for degree of WML in a memory clinic cohort of 129 patients with at least 1 year of follow-up. We examined the relationship between WML severity and time until conversion to dementia for all MCI patients and for amnestic (aMCI) and non-amnestic (naMCI) subgroups separately.

    Results: Five-year outcome data were available for 87 (67%) of the 129 patients. The proportion of patients converting to dementia was 25% at 1 year and 76% at 5 years. Patients with aMCI converted to dementia significantly earlier than those with naMCI. WML severity was not associated with time to conversion to dementia for either MCI patients in general or aMCI patients in particular. Among naMCI patients, there was a tendency for those with a low degree of WML to survive without dementia for longer than those with a high degree of WML. However, this was not statistically significant.

    Conclusions: MCI subtype is a significant independent predictor of conversion to dementia, with aMCI patients having higher risk than naMCI for conversion throughout the 5-year follow-up period. WML severity does not influence conversion to dementia for aMCI but might accelerate progression in naMCI.

  • Chapter 30 - Mating Intelligence

  • from Part VI - Kinds of Intelligence
  • Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Oklahoma State University, Scott Barry Kaufman, New York University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    30 May 2011, pp 603-620

  • Summary

    Different terms have described quick responding, processing speed, cognitive speed, psychometric speed, and perceptual speed. Methodology derived from speeded tasks assumes that cognitive processes intervening between stimulus and response can at least be relatively isolated by appropriate manipulation of experimental conditions. The most comprehensive body of data assembled to test the theory that processes responsible for speed on elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) are the same as those responsible for complex intelligent actions from Jensen's studies of simple and choice reaction times (RTs). Although the extent to which inspection time (IT) and RT measure the same or different processes is still an open question, there is compelling evidence that correlation between IQ and processing speed estimated by IT or choice RT reflects shared genetic influences. There is considerable evidence that white matter lesions are associated with slower processing speed and poorer performance on tests of attention and memory.

  • Chapter 15 - Cerebral microbleeds inCADASIL

  • from Section 3 - Microbleeds in relation to specific populations, diseases and neurological symptoms
  • Edited by David J. Werring, Institute of Neurology, London
  • Book:
    Cerebral Microbleeds
    Published online:
    05 July 2011
    Print publication:
    26 May 2011, pp 135-141

  • Summary

    Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are considered a marker of an underlying hemorrhage-prone small vessel vasculopathy. The brain changes that accompany CMB may be a direct consequence of the CMB, of an underlying vasculopathy, or of risk factors associated with CMB or the underlying vasculopathies that cause CMB. This chapter reviews data associating CMBs with other neuroimaging findings. The relationships between CMBs and brain infarcts, hemorrhage and brain atrophy is discussed in general and in the context of specific small vessel diseases. CMBs are more frequent in patients with neuroimaging findings of white matter lesions (WML) and lacunar infarctions. By contrast, CMBs are not independently associated with brain atrophy, probably because the actual tissue damage directly caused by CMBs is minimal. These observations are consistent with the concept that CMBs are one of several neuroimaging markers of small vessel arterial disease.

  • Neuropathology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Dementia

  • Paul G. Ince, Malee S. Fernando
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 15 / Issue S1 / July 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 January 2005, pp. 71-75

  • Understanding of vascular substrates of cognitive decline in the elderly is evoloving to include a major emphasis on the impact of small vessel disease (SVD). While existing concepts of multi-infarct dementia and strategic infarct dementia remain valid, they present difficulty in generalizing clinicopathological correlations from patient to patient. The range and significance of lesions that should be included as manifestations of SVD are unresolved, as is their impact on, and association with, neurodegenerative changes. This mini-review summarizes the authors' views on SVD substrates leading to cognitive decline and proposes priorities for pathological investigations of human cerebrovascular mechanisms leading to cognitive decline.

  • Body mass index and white matter lesions in elderly women. An 18-year longitudinal study

  • D. R. Gustafson, B. Steen, I. Skoog
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / September 2004
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 September 2004, pp. 327-336

  • Background: We investigated the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI), a major vascular risk factor, and white matter lesions (WMLs) in older women.

    Methods: Twenty-seven Swedish women were followed from age 70 to 88. Measurements of BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were conducted at 70, 75, 79, 85, and 88 years. WMLs were measured using computerized tomography at age 85 and 88 (85/88).

    Results: Women with any WMLs at age 85/88 had higher BMI at age 70 (p=0.003) and 75 (p=0.006), compared to women without WMLs. Increasing severity of WMLs was related to BMI at age 70 (p<0.001), 75 (p<0.001), 79 (p=0.017), and 85 (p=0.025). After consideration of other vascular factors, BMI at age 70, 75, and 79 was most significantly related to WML at 85/88. Every 1.0 kg/m2 increase in BMI at age 70 increased risk of WMLs twofold.

    Conclusions: Overweight and obesity may be important contributors to the presence of WMLs in the elderly.