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Chapter 13 - Cognitive Bias in Medico-legal Judgments
from Section 3 - Science
- By Jeff Kukucka, Keith Findley
Edited by Keith A. Findley, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Cyrille Rossant, University College London, Kana Sasakura, Konan University, Japan, Leila Schneps, Sorbonne Université, Paris, Waney Squier, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Knut Wester, Universitetet i Bergen, Norway
Book:

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Published online:

07 June 2023

Print publication:

08 June 2023, pp 205-217
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Summary

As humans, our perceptions and judgements are naturally coloured by our beliefs, experiences, and desires. Consequently, two individuals with different mindsets or working in different contexts may interpret the same information in markedly different ways (i.e., cognitive bias), especially when that information is ambiguous. In forensic and medico-legal settings, cognitive bias can influence expert decision-making in ways that produce costly miscarriages of justice. In this chapter, we first review the sources of cognitive bias, including irrelevant contextual information, base rate expectations, stress, and allegiance. Then, we review research showing that cognitive bias can affect medical diagnoses of living individuals as well as post-mortem manner-of-death judgments, and we discuss the reactions to these findings. Lastly, we describe best practices for mitigating the impact of cognitive bias and maximising the value of medico-legal judgments.

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Chapter 13 - Cognitive Bias in Medico-legal Judgments

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Chapter 13 - Cognitive Bias in Medico-legal Judgments

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