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1 results

  • 2 - Virtue versus Talent

  • from Part I - Dual Faces of the Song State
  • Charles Hartman, University at Albany, State University of New York
  • Book:
    Structures of Governance in Song Dynasty China, 960–1279 CE
    Published online:
    30 March 2023
    Print publication:
    06 April 2023, pp 45-54

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 explains how the contrast between “virtue” (de, xian 德/賢) and “talent” (cai, neng 才/能) undergirded Song discourse on personnel management – on the qualities for recruitment into official service, on the nature of different career tracks within officialdom, and on the evaluation of official performance. This chapter includes a close reading of Emperor Xiaozong’s 孝宗 (1127–1194; r. 1162–1189) “A Discourse on Employing Officials” (Yongren lun 用人論), a tract that demonstrates how the monarchy resisted literati attempts to deploy the Confucian moral rhetoric of this dichotomizing discourse on virtue versus talent in order to challenge the emperor’s ultimate authority over personnel management. Abjuring the traditional equations between Confucians as virtuous junzi and technocrats as talented xiaoren, Chapters 1 and 2 analyze this rhetoric in preparation for thinking about concrete divisions in Song governmental practice that can be positioned along a technocratic–Confucian continuum.