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2 results

  • 9 - Hybrid Dehydrations: Thermal Stress and Exercise

  • Neil E. Rowland, University of Florida
  • Book:
    Thirst and Body Fluid Regulation
    Published online:
    09 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021, pp 164-186

  • Summary

    Thermolytic responses are required in either high ambient temperatures, when conductive heat loss is low, or during states of increased heat production such as during exercise. Most of the thermolytic responses involve fluid loss, including panting (i.e., tachypnea) and evaporative cooling from skin moistened by sweating or saliva spreading. The relative contribution of these mechanisms is species dependent. In all cases, the principal systemic change produced by the fluid loss is hyperosmolarity, although hypovolemia can also be considerable. Humans and animals usually do not drink sufficient water to replace the lost fluid, resulting in a state of hypohydration. This can be partially mitigated by repeated exposure (i.e., adapation) or by providing electrolytes to drink. Sustained hypohydration and/or elevated core temperature produces loss of physical performance and, in the extreme, can be lethal. Available evidence siuggests that the OVLT and/or MnPO play important roles in detection of heat stress and execution of the thermolytic responses.

  • Free fat grafting in superficial parotid surgery to prevent Frey's syndrome and improve aesthetic outcome

  • L S Chan, M S Barakate, T E Havas
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 128 / Issue S1 / January 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 July 2013, pp. S44-S49
    Print publication:
    January 2014
  • Background:

    Frey's syndrome and cosmesis are important considerations in parotid surgery. Placement of an interpositional barrier can prevent these complications; however, surgical technique and efficacy remain controversial.

    Methods:

    A prospective case series was collected comprising all patients undergoing primary superficial parotidectomy for benign pathology with abdominal free fat grafting between June 2007 and December 2010, performed by a single surgeon. A survey was also distributed to otorhinolaryngology consultants across Australia to assess current practice.

    Results:

    Twenty-eight patients were included. No patient had clinical symptoms of Frey's syndrome. Seventy-five per cent of patients were completely satisfied with their aesthetic outcome, 18 per cent scored 4/5 and the remaining 7 per cent (2 patients) scored 3/5. The survey revealed that 79 per cent of respondents did not use interpositional grafts.

    Conclusion:

    Abdominal free fat is ideal for grafting as it is an effective, safe, simple, accessible, fast and inexpensive method of providing an interpositional graft.