The scope of this work includes detailed microstructural investigations using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy of the oxide scales and deposits formed on nozzle ring vanes made of IN713LC alloy during the operation of an auxiliary power unit under real conditions. The paper presents the differences of oxidation processes between the suction and the pressure sides of the vanes. It has been shown that in the pressure side of the vane, where a greater flow of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber is present, the oxidation process is accompanied by a deposition of among others (i.a.) Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and P, while on the suction side of the vane, the thermal stresses and the mechanical loading most likely lead to a cracking of the oxide scale. A segregation of Cr, Ni, Ta, and Ti to the boundaries of α-Al2O3 grains is observed, which may indicate their diffusion from a metal to a gas atmosphere.

The effects of heat treatment for recovering microstructure of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy with carbon addition have been evaluated. The heat treatment resulted in increased levels of chemical homogeneity. All the samples experienced more γ′ coarsening than as-cast samples. Significant changes to as-cast carbide morphologies were observed. Script-type, MC carbide networks transformed during heat treatment to smaller, spherical Ta-rich MC carbides. Heat treatment caused significant MC carbide decomposition and formation of Cr-rich secondary carbides on or near to decomposed carbides in all modifications. The size of carbides after heat treatment was less than that of cast alloy obviously, and the distribution of carbides became more and more dispersion than in cast alloy.

L'apparition de fissures ou criques à chaud pendant la coulée des matériaux métalliques représente un défaut sérieux. L'EPF-Lausanne a développé un critère d'initiation de fissures qui est basé sur l'équation de conservation de la masse appliquée à la zone solide-liquide (zone pâteuse) et qui prend en compte à la fois une déformation subie par le squelette solide perpendiculairement aux dendrites et l'appel de liquide induit par le retrait de solidification. Le modèle introduit une chute de pression dans les films liquides au-delà de laquelle la cavitation, i.e. la germination d'un premier pore, a lieu. Des observations in situ sur des alliages organiques transparents permettent de mettre en évidence l'importance de la coalescence entre les dendrites; en effet, la prise de rigidité mécanique de la zone pâteuse se fait par l'établissement de ponts solides entre les dendrites. Enfin, le critère est appliqué successivement à la coulée semi-continue d'alliages d'aluminium, à la coulée continue des aciers et au traitement par laser des superalliages.

Superalloys based on platinum-group metals are being developed for high-temperature applications. These alloys have two-phase structures comprising either ordered precipitates in a matrix analogous to the nickel-based superalloys or a fine dispersion of oxide particles in a matrix analogous to oxide-dispersion-strengthened nickel-based alloys. Currently, alloys based on iridium, rhodium, and platinum have been obtained. This article reviews the rationale of developments and the progress made in this area. Oxidation and compression tests as well as characterization with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were undertaken. These tests showed encouraging results, and further work is being done on new alloying additions and tensile testing.

This article reviews the most recent progress in the development of Nb-silicide-based in situ composites for potential applications in turbine engines with service temperatures of up to 1350°C. These composites contain high-strength Nb silicides that are toughened by a ductile Nb solid solution. Preliminary composites were derived from binary Nb-Si alloys, while more recent systems are complex and are alloyed with Ti, Hf, W, B, Ge, Cr, and Al. Alloying schemes have been developed to achieve an excellent balance of room-temperature toughness, fatigue-crack-growth behavior, high-temperature creep performance, and oxidation resistance over a broad range of temperatures. Nb-silicide-based composites are described with emphasis on processing, microstructure, and performance. Nb silicide composites have been produced using a range of processing routes, including induction skull melting, investment casting, hot extrusion, and powder metallurgy methods. Nb silicide composite properties are also compared with those of Ni-based superalloys.